CWE-345
Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
CVE-2025-66570 (GCVE-0-2025-66570)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-05 18:18 – Updated: 2025-12-05 18:40
VLAI
Title
cpp-httplib Untrusted HTTP Header Handling: Internal Header Shadowing (REMOTE*/LOCAL*)
Summary
cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.27.0, a vulnerability allows attacker-controlled HTTP headers to influence server-visible metadata, logging, and authorization decisions. An attacker can inject headers named REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, LOCAL_ADDR, LOCAL_PORT that are parsed into the request header multimap via read_headers() in httplib.h (headers.emplace), then the server later appends its own internal metadata using the same header names in Server::process_request without erasing duplicates. Because Request::get_header_value returns the first entry for a header key (id == 0) and the client-supplied headers are parsed before server-inserted headers, downstream code that uses these header names may inadvertently use attacker-controlled values. Affected files/locations: cpp-httplib/httplib.h (read_headers, Server::process_request, Request::get_header_value, get_header_value_u64) and cpp-httplib/docker/main.cc (get_client_ip, nginx_access_logger, nginx_error_logger). Attack surface: attacker-controlled HTTP headers in incoming requests flow into the Request.headers multimap and into logging code that reads forwarded headers, enabling IP spoofing, log poisoning, and authorization bypass via header shadowing. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.27.0.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/commit/ac9… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| yhirose | cpp-httplib |
Affected:
< 0.27.0
|
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CVE-2025-7096 (GCVE-0-2025-7096)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-06 22:02 – Updated: 2025-07-07 15:46
VLAI
Title
Comodo Internet Security Premium Manifest File cis_update_x64.xml integrity check
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Comodo Internet Security Premium 12.3.4.8162. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file cis_update_x64.xml of the component Manifest File Handler. The manipulation leads to improper validation of integrity check value. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.315010 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.315010 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.603713 | third-party-advisory |
| https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qnWarYsTSc5_sV6o… | exploit |
| https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qnWarYsTSc5_sV6o… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comodo | Internet Security Premium |
Affected:
12.3.4.8162
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-7884 (GCVE-0-2025-7884)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-20 11:02 – Updated: 2025-07-21 14:31
VLAI
Title
Eluktronics Control Center REG File data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Eluktronics Control Center 5.23.51.41. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component REG File Handler. The manipulation leads to insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.316999 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.316999 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.611436 | third-party-advisory |
| https://drive.proton.me/urls/5PQ1VRZ3CG#M2JyUWapaX85 | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eluktronics | Control Center |
Affected:
5.23.51.41
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-8978 (GCVE-0-2025-8978)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 19:02 – Updated: 2025-08-14 19:51 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
D-Link DIR-619L boa FirmwareUpgrade data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-619L 6.02CN02. Affected is the function FirmwareUpgrade of the component boa. The manipulation leads to insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.319974 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319974 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.628599 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… | exploitpatch |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-8979 (GCVE-0-2025-8979)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 19:32 – Updated: 2025-08-14 19:53
VLAI
Title
Tenda AC15 Firmware Update check_fw data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in Tenda AC15 15.13.07.13. Affected by this vulnerability is the function check_fw_type/split_fireware/check_fw of the component Firmware Update Handler. The manipulation leads to insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack can be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.319975 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319975 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.628602 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.628603 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… | patch |
| https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… | exploitpatch |
| https://www.tenda.com.cn/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-8980 (GCVE-0-2025-8980)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 19:32 – Updated: 2025-08-14 19:50
VLAI
Title
Tenda G1 Firmware Update check_upload_file data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda G1 16.01.7.8(3660). Affected by this issue is the function check_upload_file of the component Firmware Update Handler. The manipulation leads to insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.319976 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319976 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.628605 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.628606 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… | patch |
| https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… | exploitpatch |
| https://www.tenda.com.cn/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9379 (GCVE-0-2025-9379)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-24 06:32 – Updated: 2025-08-25 20:22
VLAI
Title
Belkin AX1800 Firmware Update data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in Belkin AX1800 1.1.00.016. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Firmware Update Handler. This manipulation causes insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack can be initiated remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321212 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321212 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.628641 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blo… | patch |
Credits
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CVE-2026-0939 (GCVE-0-2026-0939)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-16 06:43 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:00
VLAI
Title
Rede Itaú for WooCommerce — Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit <= 5.1.2 - Unauthenticated Order Status Manipulation
Summary
The Rede Itaú for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order status manipulation due to insufficient verification of data authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2. This is due to the plugin failing to verify the authenticity of payment callbacks. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to manipulate WooCommerce order statuses, either marking unpaid orders as paid, or failed.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| linknacional | Rede Itaú for WooCommerce — Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.1.2
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-1195 (GCVE-0-2026-1195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-20 00:02 – Updated: 2026-03-25 12:32
VLAI
Title
MineAdmin JWT Token refresh data authenticity
Summary
A weakness has been identified in MineAdmin 1.x/2.x. This impacts the function refresh of the file /system/refresh of the component JWT Token Handler. This manipulation causes insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.341780 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.341780 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.734272 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/SourByte05/MineAdmin-Vulnerabi… | broken-linkexploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-21527 (GCVE-0-2026-21527)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:51 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:25
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Exchange Server Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
User interface (ui) misrepresentation of critical information in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 23 |
Affected:
15.01.0.0 , < 15.01.2507.066
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 14 |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.1544.039
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 15 |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.1748.043
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server Subscription Edition RTM |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.2562.037
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-02-10 16:00
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.