CWE-602

Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security

The product is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.

CVE-2023-30955 (GCVE-0-2023-30955)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-29 18:46 – Updated: 2024-10-28 13:03
VLAI
Title
Foundry workspace-server Developer Mode Authorization Bypass
Summary
A security defect was identified in Foundry workspace-server that enabled a user to bypass an authorization check and view settings related to 'Developer Mode'. This enabled users with insufficient privilege the ability to view and interact with Developer Mode settings in a limited capacity. A fix was deployed with workspace-server 7.7.0.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - The product is composed of a server that relies on the client to implement a mechanism that is intended to protect the server.
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Palantir com.palantir.workspace:workspace Affected: * , < 7.7.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-3747 (GCVE-0-2023-3747)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-07 12:11 – Updated: 2024-09-26 14:17
VLAI
Title
Insufficient Validation on Override Codes for Always-Enabled WARP Mode
Summary
Zero Trust Administrators have the ability to disallow end users from disabling WARP on their devices. Override codes can also be created by the Administrators to allow a device to temporarily be disconnected from WARP, however, due to lack of server side validation, an attacker with local access to the device, could extend the maximum allowed disconnected time of WARP client granted by an override code by changing the date & time on the local device where WARP is running.
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cloudflare WARP Client Affected: 0 , < 6.29 (release)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-39218 (GCVE-0-2023-39218)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-08 17:54 – Updated: 2024-10-10 16:20
VLAI
Summary
Client-side enforcement of server-side security in Zoom clients before 5.14.10 may allow a privileged user to enable information disclosure via network access.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-08-08 15:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-42787 (GCVE-0-2023-42787)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-10 16:48 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:09
VLAI
Summary
A client-side enforcement of server-side security [CWE-602] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager version 7.4.0 and before 7.2.3 and FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.0 and before 7.2.3 may allow a remote attacker with low privileges to access a privileged web console via client side code execution.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Improper access control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiManager Affected: 7.4.0
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.3 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.9 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.13 (semver)
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.12 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiAnalyzer Affected: 7.4.0
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.3 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.9 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.13 (semver)
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.12 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2023-48789 (GCVE-0-2023-48789)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-03 07:57 – Updated: 2024-08-02 21:37
VLAI
Summary
A client-side enforcement of server-side security in Fortinet FortiPortal version 6.0.0 through 6.0.14 allows attacker to improper access control via crafted HTTP requests.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Improper access control
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiPortal Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.14 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-0701 (GCVE-0-2024-0701)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-05 21:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:30
VLAI
Title
UserPro <= 5.1.6 - Disabled Membership Registration Bypass
Summary
The UserPro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Security Feature Bypass in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.6. This is due to the use of client-side restrictions to enforce the 'Disabled registration' Membership feature within the plugin's General settings. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to register an account even when account registration has been disabled by an administrator.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a UserPro - Community and User Profile WordPress Plugin Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.1.6 (semver)
Credits
Rob Stevens
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-12603 (GCVE-0-2024-12603)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-13 02:54 – Updated: 2025-09-05 06:31
VLAI
Summary
A logic vulnerability in the the mobile application (com.transsion.applock) can lead to bypassing the application password.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TECNO com.transsion.applock Affected: 1.1.2.269 , ≤ <1.1.2.292 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-20476 (GCVE-0-2024-20476)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-06 16:28 – Updated: 2024-11-06 17:07
VLAI
Title
Cisco Identity Services Engine Authorization Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco ISE could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to bypass the authorization mechanisms for specific file management functions. This vulnerability is due to lack of server-side validation of Administrator permissions. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted HTTP request to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload files to a location that should be restricted. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid Read-Only Administrator&nbsp;credentials.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Identity Services Engine Software Affected: 3.0.0
Affected: 3.0.0 p1
Affected: 3.0.0 p2
Affected: 3.0.0 p3
Affected: 3.1.0
Affected: 3.0.0 p4
Affected: 3.1.0 p1
Affected: 3.0.0 p5
Affected: 3.1.0 p3
Affected: 3.1.0 p2
Affected: 3.0.0 p6
Affected: 3.2.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p4
Affected: 2.7.0 p8
Affected: 3.1.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p1
Affected: 3.0.0 p7
Affected: 3.1.0 p6
Affected: 3.2.0 p2
Affected: 3.1.0 p7
Affected: 3.3.0
Affected: 3.2.0 p3
Affected: 3.0.0 p8
Affected: 3.2.0 p4
Affected: 3.1.0 p8
Affected: 3.2.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p6
Affected: 3.1.0 p9
Affected: 3.3 Patch 2
Affected: 3.3 Patch 1
Affected: 3.3 Patch 3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-23666 (GCVE-0-2024-23666)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-12 18:53 – Updated: 2024-11-13 18:46
VLAI
Summary
A client-side enforcement of server-side security in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer-BigData at least version 7.4.0 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.6 and 7.0.1 through 7.0.6 and 6.4.5 through 6.4.7 and 6.2.5, FortiManager version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.4 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.11 and 6.4.0 through 6.4.14, FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.4 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.11 and 6.4.0 through 6.4.14 allows attacker to improper access control via crafted requests.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Improper access control
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiManager Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.1 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.4 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.11 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.14 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiAnalyzer Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.1 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.4 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.11 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.14 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:X",
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      "references": [
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          "name": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-396",
          "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-396"
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          "value": "Please upgrade to FortiAnalyzer-BigData version 7.4.1 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer-BigData version 7.2.7 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 7.4.3 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 7.2.6 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 7.0.13 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 6.4.15 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.3 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 7.2.6 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 7.0.13 or above \nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 6.4.15 or above"
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CVE-2024-28029 (GCVE-0-2024-28029)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-21 22:04 – Updated: 2024-10-17 18:45
VLAI
Title
Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security in Delta Electronics DIAEnergie
Summary
Privileges are not fully verified server-side, which can be abused by a user with limited privileges to bypass authorization and access privileged functionality.
CWE
  • CWE-602 - Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Delta Electronics DIAEnergie Affected: 0 , < v1.10.00.005 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-03-14 17:00
Credits
Michael Heinzl reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Show details on NVD website

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            "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-074-12"
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-03-22T14:38:46.183877Z",
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            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "cweId": "CWE-602",
              "description": "CWE-602 Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-10-17T18:45:56.861Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
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          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-074-12"
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      "solutions": [
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              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eDelta recommends users update to DIAEnergie v1.10.00.005. Users can request this version of DIAEnergie from \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.deltaww.com/en/customerService\"\u003eDelta Electronics\u0027 regional sales or agents\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
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      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-24-074-12",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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      "title": "Client-Side Enforcement of Server-Side Security in Delta Electronics DIAEnergie",
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    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-28029",
    "datePublished": "2024-03-21T22:04:57.512Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-03-12T15:07:02.648Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-10-17T18:45:56.861Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
  • Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • If some degree of trust is required between the two entities, then use integrity checking and strong authentication to ensure that the inputs are coming from a trusted source. Design the product so that this trust is managed in a centralized fashion, especially if there are complex or numerous communication channels, in order to reduce the risks that the implementer will mistakenly omit a check in a single code path.
CAPEC-162: Manipulating Hidden Fields

An adversary exploits a weakness in the server's trust of client-side processing by modifying data on the client-side, such as price information, and then submitting this data to the server, which processes the modified data. For example, eShoplifting is a data manipulation attack against an on-line merchant during a purchasing transaction. The manipulation of price, discount or quantity fields in the transaction message allows the adversary to acquire items at a lower cost than the merchant intended. The adversary performs a normal purchasing transaction but edits hidden fields within the HTML form response that store price or other information to give themselves a better deal. The merchant then uses the modified pricing information in calculating the cost of the selected items.

CAPEC-202: Create Malicious Client

An adversary creates a client application to interface with a target service where the client violates assumptions the service makes about clients. Services that have designated client applications (as opposed to services that use general client applications, such as IMAP or POP mail servers which can interact with any IMAP or POP client) may assume that the client will follow specific procedures.

CAPEC-207: Removing Important Client Functionality

An adversary removes or disables functionality on the client that the server assumes to be present and trustworthy.

CAPEC-208: Removing/short-circuiting 'Purse' logic: removing/mutating 'cash' decrements

An attacker removes or modifies the logic on a client associated with monetary calculations resulting in incorrect information being sent to the server. A server may rely on a client to correctly compute monetary information. For example, a server might supply a price for an item and then rely on the client to correctly compute the total cost of a purchase given the number of items the user is buying. If the attacker can remove or modify the logic that controls these calculations, they can return incorrect values to the server. The attacker can use this to make purchases for a fraction of the legitimate cost or otherwise avoid correct billing for activities.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies

This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.

CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation

An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.

CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.

CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content

An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.

CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.

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