CWE-77

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

CVE-2022-1509 (GCVE-0-2022-1509)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-28 10:05 – Updated: 2024-08-30 15:20
VLAI
Title
Command Injection Vulnerability in hestiacp/hestiacp
Summary
Command Injection Vulnerability in GitHub repository hestiacp/hestiacp prior to 1.5.12. An authenticated remote attacker with low privileges can execute arbitrary code under root context.
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hestiacp hestiacp/hestiacp Affected: unspecified , < 1.5.12 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20665 (GCVE-0-2022-20665)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-06 18:13 – Updated: 2024-11-06 16:28
VLAI
Title
Cisco StarOS Command Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco StarOS could allow an authenticated, local attacker to elevate privileges on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted commands to the CLI. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the root user. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on an affected device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-03-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20799 (GCVE-0-2022-20799)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-04 17:06 – Updated: 2024-11-06 16:15
VLAI
Title
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Command Injection Vulnerabilities
Summary
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV340 and RV345 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending malicious input to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying Linux operating system of the affected device. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid Administrator credentials on the affected device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-05-04 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20801 (GCVE-0-2022-20801)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-04 17:06 – Updated: 2024-11-06 16:15
VLAI
Title
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Command Injection Vulnerabilities
Summary
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV340 and RV345 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending malicious input to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying Linux operating system of the affected device. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid Administrator credentials on the affected device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-05-04 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20851 (GCVE-0-2022-20851)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-30 18:46 – Updated: 2024-11-01 18:50
VLAI
Title
Cisco IOS XE Software Web UI Command Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web UI feature of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform an injection attack against an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to the web UI API. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with root privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must have valid Administrator privileges on the affected device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-09-28 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20925 (GCVE-0-2022-20925)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-10 17:36 – Updated: 2024-08-03 02:31
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the web management interface of the Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters for certain API endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to an affected API endpoint. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with low system privileges. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid credentials for a user with Device permissions: by default, only Administrators, Security Approvers and Network Admins user accounts have these permissions.
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Firepower Management Center Affected: 6.7.0
Affected: 6.7.0.1
Affected: 6.7.0.2
Affected: 6.7.0.3
Affected: 7.0.0
Affected: 7.0.0.1
Affected: 7.0.1
Affected: 7.0.1.1
Affected: 7.0.2
Affected: 7.0.2.1
Affected: 7.0.3
Affected: 7.0.4
Affected: 7.1.0
Affected: 7.1.0.1
Affected: 7.1.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20926 (GCVE-0-2022-20926)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-10 17:36 – Updated: 2024-10-25 16:04
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the web management interface of the Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters for certain API endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to an affected API endpoint. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with low system privileges. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid credentials for a user with Device permissions: by default, only Administrators, Security Approvers and Network Admins user accounts have these permissions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Firepower Management Center Affected: 7.0.0
Affected: 7.0.0.1
Affected: 7.0.1
Affected: 7.0.1.1
Affected: 7.0.2
Affected: 7.0.2.1
Affected: 7.0.3
Affected: 7.0.4
Affected: 7.1.0
Affected: 7.1.0.1
Affected: 7.1.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20934 (GCVE-0-2022-20934)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-10 17:34 – Updated: 2024-11-19 21:04
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software and Cisco FXOS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as root. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation for specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting operating system commands into a legitimate command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to escape the restricted command prompt and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid Administrator credentials.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software Affected: 6.2.3
Affected: 6.2.3.1
Affected: 6.2.3.2
Affected: 6.2.3.3
Affected: 6.2.3.4
Affected: 6.2.3.5
Affected: 6.2.3.6
Affected: 6.2.3.7
Affected: 6.2.3.8
Affected: 6.2.3.10
Affected: 6.2.3.11
Affected: 6.2.3.9
Affected: 6.2.3.12
Affected: 6.2.3.13
Affected: 6.2.3.14
Affected: 6.2.3.15
Affected: 6.2.3.16
Affected: 6.2.3.17
Affected: 6.2.3.18
Affected: 6.6.0
Affected: 6.6.0.1
Affected: 6.6.1
Affected: 6.6.3
Affected: 6.6.4
Affected: 6.6.5
Affected: 6.6.5.1
Affected: 6.6.5.2
Affected: 6.6.7
Affected: 6.4.0
Affected: 6.4.0.1
Affected: 6.4.0.3
Affected: 6.4.0.2
Affected: 6.4.0.4
Affected: 6.4.0.5
Affected: 6.4.0.6
Affected: 6.4.0.7
Affected: 6.4.0.8
Affected: 6.4.0.9
Affected: 6.4.0.10
Affected: 6.4.0.11
Affected: 6.4.0.12
Affected: 6.4.0.13
Affected: 6.4.0.14
Affected: 6.4.0.15
Affected: 6.7.0
Affected: 6.7.0.1
Affected: 6.7.0.2
Affected: 6.7.0.3
Affected: 7.0.0
Affected: 7.0.0.1
Affected: 7.0.1
Affected: 7.0.1.1
Affected: 7.0.2
Affected: 7.0.2.1
Affected: 7.0.3
Affected: 7.0.4
Affected: 7.1.0
Affected: 7.1.0.1
Affected: 7.1.0.2
Affected: 7.2.0
Affected: 7.2.0.1
Create a notification for this product.
Cisco Cisco Firepower Extensible Operating System (FXOS) Affected: 2.2.1.63
Affected: 2.2.1.66
Affected: 2.2.1.70
Affected: 2.2.2.17
Affected: 2.2.2.19
Affected: 2.2.2.24
Affected: 2.2.2.26
Affected: 2.2.2.28
Affected: 2.2.2.54
Affected: 2.2.2.60
Affected: 2.2.2.71
Affected: 2.2.2.83
Affected: 2.2.2.86
Affected: 2.2.2.91
Affected: 2.2.2.97
Affected: 2.2.2.101
Affected: 2.2.2.137
Affected: 2.2.2.148
Affected: 2.2.2.149
Affected: 2.3.1.99
Affected: 2.3.1.93
Affected: 2.3.1.91
Affected: 2.3.1.88
Affected: 2.3.1.75
Affected: 2.3.1.73
Affected: 2.3.1.66
Affected: 2.3.1.58
Affected: 2.3.1.130
Affected: 2.3.1.111
Affected: 2.3.1.110
Affected: 2.3.1.144
Affected: 2.3.1.145
Affected: 2.3.1.155
Affected: 2.3.1.166
Affected: 2.3.1.173
Affected: 2.3.1.179
Affected: 2.3.1.180
Affected: 2.3.1.56
Affected: 2.3.1.190
Affected: 2.3.1.215
Affected: 2.3.1.216
Affected: 2.3.1.219
Affected: 2.6.1.131
Affected: 2.6.1.157
Affected: 2.6.1.166
Affected: 2.6.1.169
Affected: 2.6.1.174
Affected: 2.6.1.187
Affected: 2.6.1.192
Affected: 2.6.1.204
Affected: 2.6.1.214
Affected: 2.6.1.224
Affected: 2.6.1.229
Affected: 2.6.1.230
Affected: 2.6.1.238
Affected: 2.6.1.239
Affected: 2.6.1.254
Affected: 2.8.1.105
Affected: 2.8.1.125
Affected: 2.8.1.139
Affected: 2.8.1.143
Affected: 2.8.1.152
Affected: 2.8.1.162
Affected: 2.8.1.164
Affected: 2.8.1.172
Affected: 2.9.1.131
Affected: 2.9.1.135
Affected: 2.9.1.143
Affected: 2.9.1.150
Affected: 2.9.1.158
Affected: 2.10.1.159
Affected: 2.10.1.166
Affected: 2.10.1.179
Affected: 2.11.1.154
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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            },
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              "status": "affected",
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            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.2"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.2.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.4"
            },
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            },
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              "version": "2.2.2.149"
            },
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            },
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              "version": "2.3.1.93"
            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.3.1.91"
            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.3.1.88"
            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.3.1.75"
            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.3.1.73"
            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.3.1.66"
            },
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              "version": "2.3.1.58"
            },
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CVE-2022-2143 (GCVE-0-2022-2143)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-22 14:59 – Updated: 2025-04-16 16:13
VLAI
Title
Advantech iView
Summary
The affected product is vulnerable to two instances of command injection, which may allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Advantech iView iView Affected: All , < 5_7_04_6469 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2022-06-28 00:00
Credits
rgod, working with Trend Micro’s Zero Day Initiative, reported these vulnerabilities to CISA
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-21668 (GCVE-0-2022-21668)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-10 20:20 – Updated: 2024-08-03 02:46
VLAI
Title
Pipenv's requirements.txt parsing allows malicious index url in comments
Summary
pipenv is a Python development workflow tool. Starting with version 2018.10.9 and prior to version 2022.1.8, a flaw in pipenv's parsing of requirements files allows an attacker to insert a specially crafted string inside a comment anywhere within a requirements.txt file, which will cause victims who use pipenv to install the requirements file to download dependencies from a package index server controlled by the attacker. By embedding malicious code in packages served from their malicious index server, the attacker can trigger arbitrary remote code execution (RCE) on the victims' systems. If an attacker is able to hide a malicious `--index-url` option in a requirements file that a victim installs with pipenv, the attacker can embed arbitrary malicious code in packages served from their malicious index server that will be executed on the victim's host during installation (remote code execution/RCE). When pip installs from a source distribution, any code in the setup.py is executed by the install process. This issue is patched in version 2022.1.8. The GitHub Security Advisory contains more information about this vulnerability.
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-427 - Uncontrolled Search Path Element
  • CWE-791 - Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pypa pipenv Affected: >= 2018.10.9, < 2022.1.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "name": "FEDORA-2022-0d007466b3",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/56HBA3EOSLEDNCCBJVHE6DO34P56EOUM/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-qc9x-gjcv-465w",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Pipenv\u0027s requirements.txt parsing allows malicious index url in comments",
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "security-advisories@github.com",
          "ID": "CVE-2022-21668",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC",
          "TITLE": "Pipenv\u0027s requirements.txt parsing allows malicious index url in comments"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "pipenv",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "\u003e= 2018.10.9, \u003c 2022.1.8"
                          }
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                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "pypa"
              }
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          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "pipenv is a Python development workflow tool. Starting with version 2018.10.9 and prior to version 2022.1.8, a flaw in pipenv\u0027s parsing of requirements files allows an attacker to insert a specially crafted string inside a comment anywhere within a requirements.txt file, which will cause victims who use pipenv to install the requirements file to download dependencies from a package index server controlled by the attacker. By embedding malicious code in packages served from their malicious index server, the attacker can trigger arbitrary remote code execution (RCE) on the victims\u0027 systems. If an attacker is able to hide a malicious `--index-url` option in a requirements file that a victim installs with pipenv, the attacker can embed arbitrary malicious code in packages served from their malicious index server that will be executed on the victim\u0027s host during installation (remote code execution/RCE). When pip installs from a source distribution, any code in the setup.py is executed by the install process. This issue is patched in version 2022.1.8. The GitHub Security Advisory contains more information about this vulnerability."
            }
          ]
        },
        "impact": {
          "cvss": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-20: Improper Input Validation"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-427: Uncontrolled Search Path Element"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-791: Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/pypa/pipenv/security/advisories/GHSA-qc9x-gjcv-465w",
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              "name": "https://github.com/pypa/pipenv/commit/439782a8ae36c4762c88e43d5f0d8e563371b46f",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/pypa/pipenv/commit/439782a8ae36c4762c88e43d5f0d8e563371b46f"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/pypa/pipenv/releases/tag/v2022.1.8",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/pypa/pipenv/releases/tag/v2022.1.8"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2022-77ce20f03a",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QHQRIWKDP3SVJABAPEXBIQPKDI6UP7G4/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2022-508e460384",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KCROBYHUS6DKQPCXBRPCZ5CDBNQTYAWT/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2022-0d007466b3",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/56HBA3EOSLEDNCCBJVHE6DO34P56EOUM/"
            }
          ]
        },
        "source": {
          "advisory": "GHSA-qc9x-gjcv-465w",
          "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-21668",
    "datePublished": "2022-01-10T20:20:16.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2021-11-16T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T02:46:39.543Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation

Phase: Operation

Description:

  • Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation

Phase: System Configuration

Description:

  • Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

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