CWE-94

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

CVE-2025-3961 (GCVE-0-2025-3961)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 06:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 14:26 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
withstars Books-Management-System do cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in withstars Books-Management-System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/article/add/do. The manipulation of the argument Title leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Other parameters might be affected as well. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306297 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306297 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557231 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/caigo8/CVE-md/blob/main/Blog-S… exploit
Impacted products
Credits
Caigosec (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3962 (GCVE-0-2025-3962)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 07:00 – Updated: 2025-04-28 14:25 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
withstars Books-Management-System Comment add cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in withstars Books-Management-System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /api/comment/add of the component Comment Handler. The manipulation of the argument content leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306298 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306298 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557236 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/caigo8/CVE-md/blob/main/Blog-S… exploit
Impacted products
Credits
Caigosec (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3965 (GCVE-0-2025-3965)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 09:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 15:31
VLAI
Title
itwanger paicoding post cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in itwanger paicoding 1.0.3 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /article/app/post. The manipulation of the argument content leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
itwanger paicoding Affected: 1.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
uglory (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3970 (GCVE-0-2025-3970)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 12:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 22:01
VLAI
Title
baseweb JSite save cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in baseweb JSite up to 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /sys/office/save. The manipulation of the argument Remarks leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306306 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306306 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557385 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/caigo8/CVE-md/blob/main/JSite/… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
baseweb JSite Affected: 1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
anshub (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3982 (GCVE-0-2025-3982)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 19:00 – Updated: 2025-04-28 18:09
VLAI
Title
nortikin Sverchok Set Property Mk2 Node getsetprop_mk2.py SvSetPropNodeMK2 prototype pollution
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in nortikin Sverchok 1.3.0. Affected is the function SvSetPropNodeMK2 of the file sverchok/nodes/object_nodes/getsetprop_mk2.py of the component Set Property Mk2 Node. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('prototype pollution'). It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
  • CWE-94 - Code Injection
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306318 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306318 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557411 third-party-advisory
https://gist.github.com/superboy-zjc/a31b8ea7466f… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nortikin Sverchok Affected: 1.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Jiacheng Gavin Zhong Zhengyu Liu Gavin Zhong (VulDB User) Gavin Zhong (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3984 (GCVE-0-2025-3984)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 20:00 – Updated: 2025-04-28 18:09
VLAI
Title
Apereo CAS Groovy Code RegisteredServiceSimpleFormController.java saveService code injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Apereo CAS 5.2.6 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function saveService of the file cas-5.2.6\webapp-mgmt\cas-management-webapp-support\src\main\java\org\apereo\cas\mgmt\services\web\RegisteredServiceSimpleFormController.java of the component Groovy Code Handler. The manipulation leads to code injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306320 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306320 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557100 third-party-advisory
https://wx.mail.qq.com/s?k=ilW4ixcMaVgGU49Dij exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apereo CAS Affected: 5.2.6
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
caichaoxiong (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3994 (GCVE-0-2025-3994)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-28 01:00 – Updated: 2025-04-28 14:26
VLAI
Title
TOTOLINK N150RT IP Port Filtering home.htm cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file /home.htm of the component IP Port Filtering. The manipulation of the argument Comment leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306330 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306330 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557945 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/fizz-is-on-the-way/Iot_vuls/tr… exploit
https://www.totolink.net/ product
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TOTOLINK N150RT Affected: 3.4.0-B20190525
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lcyf-fizz (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3995 (GCVE-0-2025-3995)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-28 01:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 18:43
VLAI
Title
TOTOLINK N150RT LAN Settings Page fromStaticDHCP cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/fromStaticDHCP of the component LAN Settings Page. The manipulation of the argument Hostname leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306331 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306331 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557946 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/fizz-is-on-the-way/Iot_vuls/tr… exploit
https://www.totolink.net/ product
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TOTOLINK N150RT Affected: 3.4.0-B20190525
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lcyf-fizz (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3996 (GCVE-0-2025-3996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-28 02:00 – Updated: 2025-04-28 18:19
VLAI
Title
TOTOLINK N150RT MAC Filtering Page home.htm cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. It has been rated as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /home.htm of the component MAC Filtering Page. The manipulation of the argument Comment leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.306332 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306332 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.557947 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/fizz-is-on-the-way/Iot_vuls/tr… exploit
https://www.totolink.net/ product
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TOTOLINK N150RT Affected: 3.4.0-B20190525
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lcyf-fizz (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-3999 (GCVE-0-2025-3999)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-28 03:31 – Updated: 2025-05-12 15:48
VLAI
Title
Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System URL Parameter date.jsp cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System 8.1 SP2. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file seeyon\opt\Seeyon\A8\ApacheJetspeed\webapps\seeyon\common\js\addDate\date.jsp of the component URL Parameter Handler. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
caichaoxiong (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "modules": [
            "URL Parameter Handler"
          ],
          "product": "Zhiyuan OA Web Application System",
          "vendor": "Seeyon",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.1 SP2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "caichaoxiong (VulDB User)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System 8.1 SP2. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file seeyon\\opt\\Seeyon\\A8\\ApacheJetspeed\\webapps\\seeyon\\common\\js\\addDate\\date.jsp of the component URL Parameter Handler. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "Eine Schwachstelle wurde in Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System 8.1 SP2 entdeckt. Sie wurde als problematisch eingestuft. Davon betroffen ist unbekannter Code der Datei seeyon\\opt\\Seeyon\\A8\\ApacheJetspeed\\webapps\\seeyon\\common\\js\\addDate\\date.jsp der Komponente URL Parameter Handler. Durch das Manipulieren mit unbekannten Daten kann eine cross site scripting-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.1,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 3.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 3.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 4,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "Cross Site Scripting",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-94",
              "description": "Code Injection",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-04-28T03:31:06.407Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-306335 | Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System URL Parameter date.jsp cross site scripting",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.306335"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-306335 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306335"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #557987 | Seeyon Zhiyuan OA application system V8.1 SP2 DOM type XSS Cross-Site Request",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.557987"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://wx.mail.qq.com/s?k=-ET_wl44c0s1Drppsy"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-04-26T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-04-26T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-04-26T10:28:59.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System URL Parameter date.jsp cross site scripting"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-3999",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-28T03:31:06.407Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-26T08:23:51.846Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-05-12T15:48:09.762Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Description:

  • Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation

Phase: Testing

Description:

  • Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation ID: MIT-32

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Description:

  • Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-32

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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