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17 vulnerabilities by OmniAuth
CVE-2025-25292 (GCVE-0-2025-25292)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-12 20:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:45
VLAI
Title
Ruby SAML vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
13 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-th… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2025-25291 (GCVE-0-2025-25291)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-12 20:16 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:44
VLAI
Title
ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
13 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-th… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2025-25293 (GCVE-0-2025-25293)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-12 20:11 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:45
VLAI
Title
ruby-saml vulnerable to Remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. Prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0, ruby-saml is susceptible to remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses. ruby-saml uses zlib to decompress SAML responses in case they're compressed. It is possible to bypass the message size check with a compressed assertion since the message size is checked before inflation and not after. This issue may lead to remote Denial of Service (DoS). Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2024-45409 (GCVE-0-2024-45409)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-10 18:50 – Updated: 2024-11-11 17:02
VLAI
Title
The Ruby SAML library vulnerable to a SAML authentication bypass via Incorrect XPath selector
Summary
The Ruby SAML library is for implementing the client side of a SAML authorization. Ruby-SAML in <= 12.2 and 1.13.0 <= 1.16.0 does not properly verify the signature of the SAML Response. An unauthenticated attacker with access to any signed saml document (by the IdP) can thus forge a SAML Response/Assertion with arbitrary contents. This would allow the attacker to log in as arbitrary user within the vulnerable system. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.17.0 and 1.12.3.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.3
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.17.0 |
|
| onelogin | ruby-saml |
Affected:
0 , < 1.12.3
(custom)
Affected: 1.13.0 , < 1.17.0 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| omniauth | omniauth-saml |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2020-36599 (GCVE-0-2020-36599)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-18 22:48 – Updated: 2024-08-04 17:30
VLAI
Summary
lib/omniauth/failure_endpoint.rb in OmniAuth before 1.9.2 (and before 2.0) does not escape the message_key value.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- n/a
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/commit/43a39… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://rubygems.org/gems/omniauth/versions/1.9.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2015-9284 (GCVE-0-2015-9284)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-04-26 14:03 – Updated: 2024-08-06 08:43
VLAI
Summary
The request phase of the OmniAuth Ruby gem (1.9.1 and earlier) is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery when used as part of the Ruby on Rails framework, allowing accounts to be connected without user intent, user interaction, or feedback to the user. This permits a secondary account to be able to sign into the web application as the primary account.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) (CWE-352)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/pull/809 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-rails/pull/1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/wiki/Resolvi… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | omniauth ruby gem |
Affected:
All versions
|
Date Public
2015-05-25 00:00
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CVE-2017-11430 (GCVE-0-2017-11430)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-04-17 14:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 18:12
VLAI
Title
Multiple SAML libraries may allow authentication bypass via incorrect XML canonicalization and DOM traversal
Summary
OmniAuth OmnitAuth-SAML 1.9.0 and earlier may incorrectly utilize the results of XML DOM traversal and canonicalization APIs in such a way that an attacker may be able to manipulate the SAML data without invalidating the cryptographic signature, allowing the attack to potentially bypass authentication to SAML service providers.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://duo.com/blog/duo-finds-saml-vulnerabiliti… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/475445 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OmniAuth | OmnitAuth-SAML |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.9.0
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2017-18076 (GCVE-0-2017-18076)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-01-26 19:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 21:13
VLAI
Summary
In strategy.rb in OmniAuth before 1.3.2, the authenticity_token value is improperly protected because POST (in addition to GET) parameters are stored in the session and become available in the environment of the callback phase.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- n/a
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/pull/867 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4109 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN |
| https://bugs.debian.org/888523 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/pull/867/com… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Date Public
2018-01-26 00:00
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CVE-2025-25292 (GCVE-0-2025-25292)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2025-03-12 20:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:45
VLAI
Title
Ruby SAML vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
13 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-th… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2025-25291 (GCVE-0-2025-25291)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2025-03-12 20:16 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:44
VLAI
Title
ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
13 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-th… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2025-25293 (GCVE-0-2025-25293)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2025-03-12 20:11 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:45
VLAI
Title
ruby-saml vulnerable to Remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. Prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0, ruby-saml is susceptible to remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses. ruby-saml uses zlib to decompress SAML responses in case they're compressed. It is possible to bypass the message size check with a compressed assertion since the message size is checked before inflation and not after. This issue may lead to remote Denial of Service (DoS). Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2024-45409 (GCVE-0-2024-45409)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2024-09-10 18:50 – Updated: 2024-11-11 17:02
VLAI
Title
The Ruby SAML library vulnerable to a SAML authentication bypass via Incorrect XPath selector
Summary
The Ruby SAML library is for implementing the client side of a SAML authorization. Ruby-SAML in <= 12.2 and 1.13.0 <= 1.16.0 does not properly verify the signature of the SAML Response. An unauthenticated attacker with access to any signed saml document (by the IdP) can thus forge a SAML Response/Assertion with arbitrary contents. This would allow the attacker to log in as arbitrary user within the vulnerable system. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.17.0 and 1.12.3.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.3
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.17.0 |
|
| onelogin | ruby-saml |
Affected:
0 , < 1.12.3
(custom)
Affected: 1.13.0 , < 1.17.0 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| omniauth | omniauth-saml |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2020-36599 (GCVE-0-2020-36599)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2022-08-18 22:48 – Updated: 2024-08-04 17:30
VLAI
Summary
lib/omniauth/failure_endpoint.rb in OmniAuth before 1.9.2 (and before 2.0) does not escape the message_key value.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- n/a
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/commit/43a39… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://rubygems.org/gems/omniauth/versions/1.9.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2015-9284 (GCVE-0-2015-9284)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2019-04-26 14:03 – Updated: 2024-08-06 08:43
VLAI
Summary
The request phase of the OmniAuth Ruby gem (1.9.1 and earlier) is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery when used as part of the Ruby on Rails framework, allowing accounts to be connected without user intent, user interaction, or feedback to the user. This permits a secondary account to be able to sign into the web application as the primary account.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) (CWE-352)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/pull/809 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-rails/pull/1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/wiki/Resolvi… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | omniauth ruby gem |
Affected:
All versions
|
Date Public
2015-05-25 00:00
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CVE-2017-11430 (GCVE-0-2017-11430)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2019-04-17 14:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 18:12
VLAI
Title
Multiple SAML libraries may allow authentication bypass via incorrect XML canonicalization and DOM traversal
Summary
OmniAuth OmnitAuth-SAML 1.9.0 and earlier may incorrectly utilize the results of XML DOM traversal and canonicalization APIs in such a way that an attacker may be able to manipulate the SAML data without invalidating the cryptographic signature, allowing the attack to potentially bypass authentication to SAML service providers.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://duo.com/blog/duo-finds-saml-vulnerabiliti… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/475445 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OmniAuth | OmnitAuth-SAML |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.9.0
(custom)
|
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CVE-2017-18076 (GCVE-0-2017-18076)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2018-01-26 19:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 21:13
VLAI
Summary
In strategy.rb in OmniAuth before 1.3.2, the authenticity_token value is improperly protected because POST (in addition to GET) parameters are stored in the session and become available in the environment of the callback phase.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- n/a
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/pull/867 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4109 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN |
| https://bugs.debian.org/888523 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth/pull/867/com… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Date Public
2018-01-26 00:00
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Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2023-12-18 12:50Duo Network Gateway 1.2.9 and earlier may incorrectly utilize the results of XML DOM traversal and canonicalization APIs in such a way that an attacker may be able to manipulate the SAML data without invalidating the cryptographic signature, allowing the attack to potentially bypass authentication to SAML service providers. Duo Network Gateway Contains an authentication vulnerability.Information may be tampered with. An attacker can exploit this issue to bypass the authentication mechanism and perform unauthorized actions. This may lead to further attacks. Duo Network Gateway (DNG) is an access control software developed by Duo Corporation in the United States for accessing internal web applications. An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in versions prior to DNG 1.2.10
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