CVE-2022-1729 (GCVE-0-2022-1729)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-01 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:16
VLAI
Summary
A race condition was found the Linux kernel in perf_event_open() which can be exploited by an unprivileged user to gain root privileges. The bug allows to build several exploit primitives such as kernel address information leak, arbitrary execution, etc.
Severity
7.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 1086 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
n/a linux kernel Affected: linux kernel 5.18 rc9
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T00:16:58.917Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=3ac6487e584a1eb54071dbe1212e05b884136704"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/20/2"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230214-0006/"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "linux kernel",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "linux kernel 5.18 rc9"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A race condition was found the Linux kernel in perf_event_open() which can be exploited by an unprivileged user to gain root privileges. The bug allows to build several exploit primitives such as kernel address information leak, arbitrary execution, etc."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-366",
              "description": "CWE-366",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-02-14T00:00:00.000Z",
        "orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
        "shortName": "redhat"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=3ac6487e584a1eb54071dbe1212e05b884136704"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/20/2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230214-0006/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
    "assignerShortName": "redhat",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-1729",
    "datePublished": "2022-09-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2022-05-16T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T00:16:58.917Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2022-1729",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "epss": "0.00331",
      "percentile": "0.26232"
    },
    "fkie_nvd": {
      "configurations": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "27D80EB8-EA85-4256-A8F6-CDFA2F92AE24",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "3.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.85",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "DF2842FE-71A6-4182-B132-2372CFC813B1",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "3.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.16.40",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "B97594C8-AC35-4DF4-82DF-5BF2BCAAA0CE",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "3.19",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.18.54",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "3E7CEE4C-AE63-4AF4-BE72-1CED351886A3",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.9.316",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "EBB1A3B4-E46A-4454-A428-85CC0AC925F6",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.14.281",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "239757EB-B2DF-4DD4-8EEE-97141186DA12",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.245",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "87FC1554-2185-4ED6-BF1C-293AA14FFC32",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.196",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "0938CFCC-E5F1-4DA3-B727-F2215F6C6BBA",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.118",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "555641B6-5319-4C13-9CC9-50B1CCF9E816",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.42",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "6D0772F5-6B38-4D6C-B29E-A04E7CC5CB9F",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.17.10",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.16",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h300s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "27227B35-932A-4035-B39F-6A455753C0D6",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h410s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "A4AD592C-222D-4C6F-B176-8145A1A5AFEC",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h500s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "8603654B-A8A9-4DEB-B0DD-C82E1C885749",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h700s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "C855C933-F271-45E6-8E85-8D7CF2EF1BE6",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A race condition was found the Linux kernel in perf_event_open() which can be exploited by an unprivileged user to gain root privileges. The bug allows to build several exploit primitives such as kernel address information leak, arbitrary execution, etc."
        },
        {
          "lang": "es",
          "value": "Se ha encontrado una condici\u00f3n de carrera en el kernel de Linux en la funci\u00f3n perf_event_open() que puede ser explotada por un usuario no privilegiado para conseguir privilegios de root. El bug permite construir varias primitivas de explotaci\u00f3n como un filtrado de informaci\u00f3n de direcciones del kernel, una ejecuci\u00f3n arbitraria, etc"
        }
      ],
      "id": "CVE-2022-1729",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T06:41:20.517",
      "metrics": {
        "cvssMetricV31": [
          {
            "cvssData": {
              "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
              "attackVector": "LOCAL",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.0,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            },
            "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
            "impactScore": 5.9,
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      },
      "published": "2022-09-01T21:15:09.057",
      "references": [
        {
          "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
          "tags": [
            "Mailing List",
            "Patch",
            "Vendor Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=3ac6487e584a1eb54071dbe1212e05b884136704"
        },
        {
          "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
          "tags": [
            "Patch",
            "Third Party Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230214-0006/"
        },
        {
          "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
          "tags": [
            "Mailing List",
            "Patch",
            "Third Party Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/20/2"
        },
        {
          "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "tags": [
            "Mailing List",
            "Patch",
            "Vendor Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=3ac6487e584a1eb54071dbe1212e05b884136704"
        },
        {
          "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "tags": [
            "Patch",
            "Third Party Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230214-0006/"
        },
        {
          "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "tags": [
            "Mailing List",
            "Patch",
            "Third Party Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/20/2"
        }
      ],
      "sourceIdentifier": "secalert@redhat.com",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": [
        {
          "description": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CWE-366"
            }
          ],
          "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
          "type": "Secondary"
        },
        {
          "description": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CWE-362"
            }
          ],
          "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
          "type": "Primary"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "linux kernel",
                "vendor": "n/a",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "linux kernel 5.18 rc9"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "secalert@redhat.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "27D80EB8-EA85-4256-A8F6-CDFA2F92AE24",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "3.3",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.85",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "DF2842FE-71A6-4182-B132-2372CFC813B1",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "3.17",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "3.16.40",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "B97594C8-AC35-4DF4-82DF-5BF2BCAAA0CE",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "3.19",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "3.18.54",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "3E7CEE4C-AE63-4AF4-BE72-1CED351886A3",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.9.316",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.0.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "EBB1A3B4-E46A-4454-A428-85CC0AC925F6",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.14.281",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.10",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "239757EB-B2DF-4DD4-8EEE-97141186DA12",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.245",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.15",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "87FC1554-2185-4ED6-BF1C-293AA14FFC32",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.196",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.20",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "0938CFCC-E5F1-4DA3-B727-F2215F6C6BBA",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.118",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.5.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "555641B6-5319-4C13-9CC9-50B1CCF9E816",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.42",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "6D0772F5-6B38-4D6C-B29E-A04E7CC5CB9F",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.17.10",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.16",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h300s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "27227B35-932A-4035-B39F-6A455753C0D6",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h410s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "A4AD592C-222D-4C6F-B176-8145A1A5AFEC",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h500s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "8603654B-A8A9-4DEB-B0DD-C82E1C885749",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_baseboard_management_controller:h700s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "C855C933-F271-45E6-8E85-8D7CF2EF1BE6",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "A race condition was found the Linux kernel in perf_event_open() which can be exploited by an unprivileged user to gain root privileges. The bug allows to build several exploit primitives such as kernel address information leak, arbitrary execution, etc."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "Se ha encontrado una condici\u00f3n de carrera en el kernel de Linux en la funci\u00f3n perf_event_open() que puede ser explotada por un usuario no privilegiado para conseguir privilegios de root. El bug permite construir varias primitivas de explotaci\u00f3n como un filtrado de informaci\u00f3n de direcciones del kernel, una ejecuci\u00f3n arbitraria, etc"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2022-1729",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T04:22:59.823",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.0,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2022-09-01T21:15:09.057",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Patch",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=3ac6487e584a1eb54071dbe1212e05b884136704"
          },
          {
            "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230214-0006/"
          },
          {
            "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Patch",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/20/2"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Patch",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=3ac6487e584a1eb54071dbe1212e05b884136704"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Patch",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230214-0006/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Patch",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/20/2"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "secalert@redhat.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-366"
              }
            ],
            "source": "secalert@redhat.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-362"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-07T01:07:07+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2022-1729",
      "id": "CVE-2022-1729",
      "initial_release_date": "2022-05-20T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "1145",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "23",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: race condition in perf_event_open leads to privilege escalation",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2022/cve-2022-1729.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-21T01:00:46Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2022-1729",
      "id": "CVE-2022-1729",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-02-15T03:33:31Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "216",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "2",
      "product_status:recommended": "1829",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2022-1729",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2023/cve-2022-1729.json",
      "version": "47"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.