CVE-2024-57982 (GCVE-0-2024-57982)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:07 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup
lookup and resize can run in parallel.
The xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock ensures a retry, but the hash
functions can observe a hmask value that is too large for the new hlist
array.
rehash does:
rcu_assign_pointer(net->xfrm.state_bydst, ndst) [..]
net->xfrm.state_hmask = nhashmask;
While state lookup does:
h = xfrm_dst_hash(net, daddr, saddr, tmpl->reqid, encap_family);
hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(x, net->xfrm.state_bydst + h, bydst) {
This is only safe in case the update to state_bydst is larger than
net->xfrm.xfrm_state_hmask (or if the lookup function gets
serialized via state spinlock again).
Fix this by prefetching state_hmask and the associated pointers.
The xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock retry will ensure that the pointer
and the hmask will be consistent.
The existing helpers, like xfrm_dst_hash(), are now unsafe for RCU side,
add lockdep assertions to document that they are only safe for insert
side.
xfrm_state_lookup_byaddr() uses the spinlock rather than RCU.
AFAICS this is an oversight from back when state lookup was converted to
RCU, this lock should be replaced with RCU in a future patch.
Severity
7.8 (High)
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 19:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < b86dc510308d7a8955f3f47a4fea4bef887653e4
(git)
Affected: c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < a16871c7832ea6435abb6e0b58289ae7dcb7e4fc (git) Affected: c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < dd4c2a174994238d55ab54da2545543d36f4e0d0 (git) Affected: c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < e952837f3ddb0ff726d5b582aa1aad9aa38d024d (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.9 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.13 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.2 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-125"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-125"
}
],
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-04T14:07:03+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2024-57982",
"id": "CVE-2024-57982",
"initial_release_date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "612",
"product_status:known_affected": "84",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "28",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-57982.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-23T23:53:15Z",
"cve": "CVE-2024-57982",
"id": "CVE-2024-57982",
"initial_release_date": "2025-02-28T02:23:31Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "691",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "105",
"product_status:recommended": "502",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2024-57982",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2024-57982.json",
"version": "58"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-57982",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-10-01T19:31:46.705139Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-01T16:54:28.525Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "b86dc510308d7a8955f3f47a4fea4bef887653e4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "a16871c7832ea6435abb6e0b58289ae7dcb7e4fc",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "dd4c2a174994238d55ab54da2545543d36f4e0d0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "e952837f3ddb0ff726d5b582aa1aad9aa38d024d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.9"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.9",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.120",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.13",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.13.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.14",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.120",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.13",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.13.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.14",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.9",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup\n\nlookup and resize can run in parallel.\n\nThe xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock ensures a retry, but the hash\nfunctions can observe a hmask value that is too large for the new hlist\narray.\n\nrehash does:\n rcu_assign_pointer(net-\u003exfrm.state_bydst, ndst) [..]\n net-\u003exfrm.state_hmask = nhashmask;\n\nWhile state lookup does:\n h = xfrm_dst_hash(net, daddr, saddr, tmpl-\u003ereqid, encap_family);\n hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(x, net-\u003exfrm.state_bydst + h, bydst) {\n\nThis is only safe in case the update to state_bydst is larger than\nnet-\u003exfrm.xfrm_state_hmask (or if the lookup function gets\nserialized via state spinlock again).\n\nFix this by prefetching state_hmask and the associated pointers.\nThe xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock retry will ensure that the pointer\nand the hmask will be consistent.\n\nThe existing helpers, like xfrm_dst_hash(), are now unsafe for RCU side,\nadd lockdep assertions to document that they are only safe for insert\nside.\n\nxfrm_state_lookup_byaddr() uses the spinlock rather than RCU.\nAFAICS this is an oversight from back when state lookup was converted to\nRCU, this lock should be replaced with RCU in a future patch."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The race is reliably driven locally: XFRM netlink (`XFRM_MSG_NEWSA` to force `xfrm_hash_resize()`, `XFRM_MSG_GETSA` to drive concurrent lookups) is reachable from an unprivileged user\u0027s own network namespace, where the xfrm state hash tables are per-netns. Although the lookup is also hit by unauthenticated remote ESP/AH packets via `xfrm_input_state_lookup()`, a remote attacker cannot schedule the racing resize, so the local vector is the exploitable one.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 inserting SAs to schedule `xfrm_hash_resize()` on one CPU while issuing lookups with attacker-chosen spi/daddr on another \u2014 and can repeat indefinitely by creating fresh network namespaces, each yielding a new sequence of doubling resizes. syzbot reproduced this from ordinary syscalls.\nPR:L - `xfrm_user_rcv_msg()` requires `netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which resolves to `ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` and is therefore satisfied by any unprivileged user after `unshare -Urn`. No real root in the initial namespace is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers both the hash resize and the concurrent state lookup entirely from their own threads; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access and any resulting corruption stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale-table/new-mask mismatch reads up to a full table length past the allocation, and the OOB slot is dereferenced as an `hlist_node` and `container_of()`\u0027d into a `struct xfrm_state`, so adjacent slab contents the attacker can groom become a fake-object pointer, yielding reads at attacker-influenced kernel addresses rather than a bounded few-byte leak.\nI:H - The bogus state pointer reaches `refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026x-\u003erefcnt)`, an increment write at an attacker-influenced address, and a fabricated `xfrm_state` returned to `xfrm_input()`/`xfrm_state_find()` is then used for IPsec processing \u2014 both usable to corrupt kernel state and pursue control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Walking a garbage hlist pointer read past the end of the hash table dereferences a wild address, producing an oops or panic; with larger page-order tables the OOB read can also fault into unmapped memory."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:47:08.401Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b86dc510308d7a8955f3f47a4fea4bef887653e4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a16871c7832ea6435abb6e0b58289ae7dcb7e4fc"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd4c2a174994238d55ab54da2545543d36f4e0d0"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e952837f3ddb0ff726d5b582aa1aad9aa38d024d"
}
],
"title": "xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-57982",
"datePublished": "2025-02-27T02:07:08.169Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-02-27T02:04:28.913Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:47:08.401Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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