Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-66415 (GCVE-0-2025-66415)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 22:39 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:13

Title

fastify-reply-from bypass of reply forwarding

Summary

fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. Prior to 12.5.0, by crafting a malicious URL, an attacker could access routes that are not allowed, even though the reply.from is defined for specific routes in @fastify/reply-from. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.5.0.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-02 14:13 UTC

CWE

CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/sec…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/com…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
fastify	fastify-reply-from	Affected: < 12.5.0	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-66415

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-12-01 23:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:56

Severity

5.4 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/commit/4d9795cd5b57a36756d37b7f036eae369f69fa66	Patch
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-2q7r-29rg-6m5h	Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	fastify	reply-from	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "fastify-reply-from",
          "vendor": "fastify",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 12.5.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:fastify:reply-from:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "C32B8059-760E-4C17-B68C-80BE8BB56539",
              "versionEndIncluding": "12.4.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. Prior to 12.5.0, by crafting a malicious URL, an attacker could access routes that are not allowed, even though the reply.from is defined for specific routes in @fastify/reply-from. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.5.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-66415",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:56:48.037",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 5.4,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
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        "impactScore": 2.5,
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          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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        "Patch"
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    },
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        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
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    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-441"
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      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2Q7R-29RG-6M5H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-02 00:38 – Updated: 2025-12-02 00:38

Summary

fastify-reply-from affected by bypass of reply forwarding

Details

Summary

By crafting a malicious URL, an attacker could access routes that are not allowed, even though the reply.from is defined for specific routes in @fastify/reply-from.

Details

An attacker can bypass the route defined by the @fastify/reply-from package by adding a .. symbol, which, for curl version 8.7.1, is %2e%2e.

Impact

Everyone is using this package with the routes option to protect a 3rd-party resource.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.4.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@fastify/reply-from"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "12.5.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66415"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-02T00:38:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-01T23:15:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nBy crafting a malicious URL, an attacker could access routes that are not allowed, even though the `reply.from` is defined for specific routes in `@fastify/reply-from`.\n\n### Details\n\nAn attacker can bypass the route defined by the `@fastify/reply-from` package by adding a `..` symbol, which, for `curl` version `8.7.1`, is `%2e%2e`.\n\n### Impact\n\nEveryone is using this package with the routes option to protect a 3rd-party resource.",
  "id": "GHSA-2q7r-29rg-6m5h",
  "modified": "2025-12-02T00:38:57Z",
  "published": "2025-12-02T00:38:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-2q7r-29rg-6m5h"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66415"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/commit/4d9795cd5b57a36756d37b7f036eae369f69fa66"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "fastify-reply-from affected by bypass of reply forwarding"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-66415 (GCVE-0-2025-66415)

FKIE_CVE-2025-66415

GHSA-2Q7R-29RG-6M5H

Summary

Details

Impact

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour