Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-441

Allowed-with-Review

Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.

282 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-107336 (GCVE-0-2026-107336)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 17:20 – Updated: 2026-10-08 19:07
VLAI
Title
Authentication Bypass by Spoofing in Malcolm
Summary
Malcolm's front nginx reverse proxy defines a "Dashboards → Arkime shortcut" location using a case-insensitive regex matcher but a case-sensitive rewrite. A request whose path segment is not exact-lowercase (for example /IDDASH2ARK/...) enters the location (the matcher fires) but evades the rewrite (no redirect is issued), so nginx falls through to the location's proxy_pass to the Arkime backend. That location is the one proxied location in the shipped config that does not include the per-location authentication file, so the request reaches Arkime unauthenticated. The same location also forwards a client-supplied X-Forwarded-User header un-overwritten, and Arkime is configured to trust X-Forwarded-User as the authenticated username — so an unauthenticated network caller can reach the Arkime backend while supplying a forged, auto-provisioned identity.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 19:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication bypass by spoofing
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 338 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CISA Malcolm Affected: 0 , ≤ 26.07.1 (custom)
Unaffected: 26.08.0
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-07 19:02
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-107282 (GCVE-0-2026-107282)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 21:21 – Updated: 2026-10-07 21:21
VLAI
Title
AsyncHttpClient: Replay to a different host sends the original host request and credentials to the new host
Summary
The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.13 and 2.16.1, cross-host request replay updates the current request but leaves the target request and related proxy context pointing at the original origin. Connection-pool selection, CONNECT handling, realm selection, and TLS setup can consequently send the original host's path, Host header, Authorization credentials, or plaintext request to the replay destination. Documented ResponseFilter failover and retry paths can trigger the replay. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.13 and 2.16.1.
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
  • CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7565 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AsyncHttpClient async-http-client Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.13
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.16.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-107232 (GCVE-0-2026-107232)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 21:09 – Updated: 2026-10-08 14:01
VLAI
Title
AsyncHttpClient: Origin credentials sent in cleartext to a proxy that rejects the CONNECT
Summary
The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.12 on 3.x and 2.16.1 on 2.x, the client infers that an HTTP proxy tunnel exists from the last request method rather than the CONNECT result. After a proxy rejects CONNECT, redirect or authentication handlers can write an origin request and its Authorization credentials onto the still-plaintext proxy connection. Basic credentials can be recovered directly, while NTLM responses may be cracked or relayed. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.12 and 2.16.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 14:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
  • CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7565 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AsyncHttpClient async-http-client Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.12
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.16.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-106487 (GCVE-0-2026-106487)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 20:36 – Updated: 2026-10-06 20:36
VLAI
Title
Backstage: Unsupported catalog cluster authentication mode in kubernetes backend
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 0.21.10, the @backstage/plugin-kubernetes-backend package is affected by unsupported catalog cluster authentication mode in kubernetes backend. Deployments using catalog cluster discovery may be affected when catalog contributors can create or modify kubernetes-cluster Resource entities. With the required endpoint permissions and pod RBAC, the backend can use its local in-cluster identity, potentially exposing Kubernetes resources readable by that identity. The credential is used only with the local in-cluster API endpoint and is not sent to the catalog-supplied endpoint. This issue is fixed in version 0.21.10.
CWE
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7565 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-106462 (GCVE-0-2026-106462)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 20:30 – Updated: 2026-10-07 15:13
VLAI
Title
Backstage: Scaffolder credential handling may allow unintended GitHub authentication fallback
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.54.6, scaffolder source-control actions may not consistently enforce intended credential boundaries. An authenticated user could cause an affected action to fall back to broader integration credentials and perform operations with more access than intended. This issue is fixed in 1.54.6 when operators also enable scaffolder.requireScmUserCredentials after upgrading.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 15:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7565 records in the last 180 days details
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-103922 (GCVE-0-2026-103922)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 17:27 – Updated: 2026-10-01 18:01
VLAI
Title
Capacitor Android and iOS: remote content can be loaded at the app origin via the internal HTTP proxy path
Summary
Capacitor is a cross-platform native runtime for web applications. From 6.0.0 until 6.2.2, 7.6.9, 8.3.5, 8.4.3, and 8.5.1, the Android and iOS WebView navigation guard validates a target URL's host and scheme but not its path, allowing a victim who activates an untrusted link to navigate a frame to /_capacitor_http_interceptor_. The native proxy can fetch an attacker-selected URL and return the response as a document at the application's own origin, allowing script in that response to access same-origin storage, cookies, and registered Capacitor plugin capabilities. Applications remain affected when CapacitorHttp is disabled because affected releases serve the proxy path regardless of that setting. This issue is fixed in versions 6.2.2, 7.6.9, 8.3.5, 8.4.3, and 8.5.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 18:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7565 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ionic-team capacitor Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.2
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.6.9
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.3.5
Affected: >= 8.3.5, < 8.4.3
Affected: >= 8.5.0, < 8.5.1
Create a notification for this product.
@capacitor android Affected: >= 8.5.0, < 8.5.1
Affected: >= 8.3.5, < 8.4.3
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.3.5
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.6.9
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.2
Create a notification for this product.
@capacitor ios Affected: >= 8.5.0, < 8.5.1
Affected: >= 8.3.5, < 8.4.3
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.3.5
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.6.9
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.2
Create a notification for this product.
com.capacitorjs core Affected: >= 8.5.0, < 8.5.1
Affected: >= 8.3.5, < 8.4.3
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.3.5
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.6.9
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.2
Create a notification for this product.
swift github.com/ionic-team/capacitor-swift-pm Affected: >= 8.5.0, < 8.5.1
Affected: >= 8.3.5, < 8.4.3
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.3.5
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.6.9
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-102255 (GCVE-0-2026-102255)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 13:07 – Updated: 2026-10-07 15:51
VLAI
Summary
A Pre-authentication SSRF vulnerability exists in the SMA1000 Appliance Work Place interface due to an unintended alternate access path. By abusing this path, a remote unauthenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to direct the appliance to issue requests on their behalf and reach internal functionality and perform unauthorized operations.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 15:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side request forgery (SSRF)
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
sonicwall CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 54/100 over 26 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SonicWall SMA1000 Affected: 12.4.3-03526 (platform-hotfix) and older versions
Affected: 12.5.0-02952 (platform-hotfix) and older versions
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-07 13:01
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-101907 (GCVE-0-2026-101907)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 17:36 – Updated: 2026-09-28 18:46
VLAI
Title
Axios: maxRedirects: 0 is not enforced by the fetch adapter, allowing redirect-based SSRF
Summary
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.17.0 until 1.20.0, the fetch adapter bypasses the maxRedirects: 0 redirect policy. An Axios request uses the fetch adapter with maxRedirects set to zero and receives a redirect response. The underlying fetch implementation follows the redirect instead of returning the redirect response unchanged. The redirected request can access internal responses or reach state-changing internal endpoints despite redirects being disabled. This issue is fixed in version 1.20.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-28 18:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7565 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
axios axios Affected: >= 1.17.0, < 1.20.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-101905 (GCVE-0-2026-101905)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 17:31 – Updated: 2026-10-01 14:42
VLAI
Title
Axios: Node HTTP adapter prototype-pollution gadget allows request socket hijack via inherited createConnection
Summary
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.15.2 until 1.20.0, the Node HTTP adapter in lib/adapters/http.js supplies request options without an own createConnection value. A separate same-process prototype-pollution flaw places a function on Object.prototype.createConnection. Node resolves and invokes the inherited createConnection socket factory, allowing the attacker-controlled function to select the transport endpoint. The attacker endpoint can receive request headers and bodies, including credentials, and return attacker-controlled responses while the URL appears legitimate. This issue is fixed in version 1.20.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 14:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
  • CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7565 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
axios axios Affected: >= 1.15.2, < 1.20.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-100706 (GCVE-0-2026-100706)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-26 13:24 – Updated: 2026-09-26 23:08
VLAI
Title
kyverno before 1.19.1 Privilege Escalation via Policy apiCall urlPath
Summary
kyverno before 1.19.1 fails to properly validate URL-encoded path segments in Policy apiCall urlPath, allowing namespace tenants to bypass the per-namespace clamp and create objects in other namespaces as the admission-controller ServiceAccount. Attackers can exploit this by using percent-encoded directory traversal sequences to create MutatingWebhookConfiguration objects cluster-wide or PolicyException objects in the kyverno namespace, enabling privilege escalation to cluster admin.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-26 23:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 5285 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kyverno kyverno Affected: 0 , < 1.19.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-10 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
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            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
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          "descriptions": [
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              "cweId": "CWE-441",
              "description": "Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (\u0027Confused Deputy\u0027)",
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              "type": "CWE"
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-26T13:24:00.707Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-5qq8-67g6-4h2w)",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-5qq8-67g6-4h2w"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: kyverno before 1.19.1 Privilege Escalation via Policy apiCall urlPath",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kyverno-before-1.19.1-privilege-escalation-via-policy-apicall-urlpath"
        }
      ],
      "title": "kyverno before 1.19.1 Privilege Escalation via Policy apiCall urlPath",
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        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-100706",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-26T13:24:00.707Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-26T02:40:23.372Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-26T23:08:54.549Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for transactions between two other components, the proxy core should not drop the identity of the initiator of the transaction. The immutability of the identity of the initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the way to the target.

CAPEC-219: XML Routing Detour Attacks

An attacker subverts an intermediate system used to process XML content and forces the intermediate to modify and/or re-route the processing of the content. XML Routing Detour Attacks are Adversary in the Middle type attacks (CAPEC-94). The attacker compromises or inserts an intermediate system in the processing of the XML message. For example, WS-Routing can be used to specify a series of nodes or intermediaries through which content is passed. If any of the intermediate nodes in this route are compromised by an attacker they could be used for a routing detour attack. From the compromised system the attacker is able to route the XML process to other nodes of their choice and modify the responses so that the normal chain of processing is unaware of the interception. This system can forward the message to an outside entity and hide the forwarding and processing from the legitimate processing systems by altering the header information.

CAPEC-465: Transparent Proxy Abuse

A transparent proxy serves as an intermediate between the client and the internet at large. It intercepts all requests originating from the client and forwards them to the correct location. The proxy also intercepts all responses to the client and forwards these to the client. All of this is done in a manner transparent to the client.