Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-441
Allowed-with-ReviewUnintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
217 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-70398 (GCVE-0-2026-70398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 01:10 – Updated: 2026-09-05 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Multicloud-integrations: multicloud-integrations: gitopscluster.spec.argoserver.argonamespace writes spoke bearer tokens to attacker-chosen namespace
Summary
A flaw was found in multicloud-integrations, a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management (RHACM). This vulnerability allows an authenticated user, referred to as a tenant, to manipulate the GitOpsCluster controller. By exploiting this, a tenant can redirect sensitive spoke cluster bearer tokens from secure locations to a namespace they control. This unauthorized access to tokens can lead to the disclosure of critical information and bypass security policies within ArgoCD AppProjects.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-12 12:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60386 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60387 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60388 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60389 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60390 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60391 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-70398 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2514228 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.11 |
Unaffected:
1787260689 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.11::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.13 |
Unaffected:
1787259106 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.13::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.14 |
Unaffected:
1787183407 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.14::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.15 |
Unaffected:
1787238604 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.15::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.16 |
Unaffected:
1787252179 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.16::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.17 |
Unaffected:
1787243221 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.17::el9 |
Date Public
2026-08-11 00:00
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CVE-2026-69531 (GCVE-0-2026-69531)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 17:11 – Updated: 2026-09-14 22:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Windows Speech Tampering Vulnerability
Summary
Unintended proxy or intermediary ('confused deputy') in Microsoft Windows Speech allows an authorized attacker to perform tampering locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 19:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
16 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7582
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7582
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.9445
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.9445
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2954
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5622
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33438
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33438
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-09-08 14:00
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CVE-2026-67567 (GCVE-0-2026-67567)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 20:34 – Updated: 2026-09-05 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Multicloud-operators-subscription: multicloud-operators-subscription: helmrelease chart applied with controller sa without gvk or namespace restriction
Summary
A flaw was found in the multicloud-operators-subscription component. This vulnerability allows a tenant, who has the ability to create HelmRelease custom resources (CRs), to bypass existing security controls. The system's HelmRelease controller processes Helm chart templates using its own elevated ServiceAccount privileges without proper validation. This enables the tenant to deploy arbitrary resources across the entire cluster, leading to a significant security compromise.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 16:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60386 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60387 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60388 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60389 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60390 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60391 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-67567 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2514224 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.11 |
Unaffected:
1787263584 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.11::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.13 |
Unaffected:
1787263693 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.13::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.14 |
Unaffected:
1787170830 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.14::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.15 |
Unaffected:
1787240030 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.15::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.16 |
Unaffected:
1787242321 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.16::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.17 |
Unaffected:
1787242108 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2.17::el9 |
Date Public
2026-08-11 00:00
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CVE-2026-63643 (GCVE-0-2026-63643)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 17:18 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MagicMirror: ssrf calendar .js
Summary
MagicMirror² is an open source modular smart mirror platform. Prior to 2.37.0, the ADD_CALENDAR handler in defaultmodules/calendar/node_helper.js accepts an attacker-controlled URL, authentication data, and selfSignedCert setting through the unauthenticated Socket.IO namespace /calendar. The handler passes these fields to CalendarFetcher, causing a server-side request without SSRF validation and optionally disabling TLS verification. When the response is valid iCal, CALENDAR_EVENTS returns parsed event data to the attacker, allowing internal-service response data to be exfiltrated; other responses still provide a blind request and timing primitive. This issue is fixed in version 2.37.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 18:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MagicMirrorOrg/MagicMirror/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/MagicMirrorOrg/MagicMirror/pull/4169 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/MagicMirrorOrg/MagicMirror/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/MagicMirrorOrg/MagicMirror/rel… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MagicMirrorOrg | MagicMirror |
Affected:
< 2.37.0
|
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CVE-2026-56675 (GCVE-0-2026-56675)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 15:39 – Updated: 2026-07-10 16:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
9router: Reverse proxy locality collapse allows unauthenticated access to 9router /v1 APIs
Summary
9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.5.2, 9router treats loopback requests as trusted and allows /v1/* access without an API key, so a same-host reverse proxy that forwards public traffic to the backend through 127.0.0.1 causes src/dashboardGuard.js to misclassify external requests as local. A remote unauthenticated attacker can access /v1 APIs such as /v1/models and may abuse configured upstream provider credentials through /v1 proxy endpoints depending on enabled providers. This issue is fixed in version 0.5.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-10 16:54 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/decolua/9router/commit/da66783… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/decolua/9router/releases/tag/v0.5.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-55430 (GCVE-0-2026-55430)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 00:03 – Updated: 2026-07-08 17:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Coder's subdomain workspace app routing trusts unauthenticated X-Forwarded-Host header, enabling cross-app data access
Summary
Coder allows organizations to provision remote development environments via Terraform. Prior to versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2, the workspace app proxy resolves the target app from `httpapi.RequestHost()` which prefers the `X-Forwarded-Host` header over the real `Host` header. No middleware strips `X-Forwarded-Host` before routing and the header is not browser-forbidden so client-side JavaScript can set it on `fetch()` calls. Practical exploitation requires subdomain app routing (wildcard hostname) enabled, a victim who visits the attacker's shared app and a deployment whose upstream proxy does not strip `X-Forwarded-Host`. The fix in versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2 trusts `X-Forwarded-Host` only from configured trusted proxies and otherwise resolves the routing host from the verified request host. As a workaround, place an upstream reverse proxy that strips or overwrites `X-Forwarded-Host` on untrusted requests.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-08 16:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/coder/coder/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/26204 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.29.17 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.32.7 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.33.8 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.34.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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},
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CVE-2026-54663 (GCVE-0-2026-54663)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:28 – Updated: 2026-07-29 14:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery via spec `$ref`
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/resolved-swagger-schema.ts warmUpRemoteSchemasCache resolves external $ref URLs and fetchRemoteSchemaDocument uses isHttpUrl to fetch any http or https target without private IP, redirect, DNS rebinding, or same-origin validation, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to make the generator issue requests to internal or link-local services. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:58 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/acacode/swagger-typescript-api… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/acacode/swagger-typescript-api… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/acacode/swagger-typescript-api… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/acacode/swagger-typescript-api… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| acacode | swagger-typescript-api |
Affected:
< 13.12.2
|
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CVE-2026-54628 (GCVE-0-2026-54628)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 19:57 – Updated: 2026-09-14 19:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Anyquery: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Unrestricted SQLite Virtual Table Modules in Server Mode
Summary
Anyquery is an SQL query engine built on top of SQLite. Prior to 0.4.5, anyquery server exposes URL-capable SQLite virtual table modules such as json_reader and log_reader through its unauthenticated MySQL-compatible server port without restricting outbound destinations. A remote attacker can provide a loopback, private-network, or link-local cloud metadata URL, causing go-getter in the Anyquery server process to fetch the selected resource and expose its response as queryable table data. This permits internal network probing, access to internal APIs, and disclosure of cloud credentials; low-integrity impact is possible when a reached internal API performs state-changing actions. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.5.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/commit/27f8… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
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"vendor": "julien040",
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CVE-2026-53931 (GCVE-0-2026-53931)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:41 – Updated: 2026-06-24 14:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NocoDB: Server-Side Request Forgery via Spreadsheet Import Endpoint
Summary
NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to 2026.05.1, the spreadsheet-import endpoint axiosRequestMake could be used as a generic HTTP proxy. Before the fix it was reachable unauthenticated, and its URL-extension allowlist was a regex tested against the full URL string, so URLs whose query string ended in .csv satisfies the gate even though the
underlying request is for another file. This vulnerability is fixed in 2026.05.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 14:33 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-53514 (GCVE-0-2026-53514)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:30 – Updated: 2026-07-18 01:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Better Auth: Unauthorized invitation acceptance via unverified email match in organization plugin
Summary
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, and in 1.6.14 and later when invitation IDs can be obtained outside the invited mailbox and requireEmailVerificationOnInvitation: true is not enabled, the organization plugin's acceptInvitation, rejectInvitation, getInvitation, and listUserInvitations recipient endpoints use session.user.email and an invitation ID without sufficient verified-email ownership proof, allowing a user with an unverified session for the invited email address to accept an organization invitation after obtaining the invitation ID. This issue is fixed for the original default behavior in version 1.6.11, while 1.6.14 restored compatibility for built-in opaque invitation IDs and leaves affected configurations requiring secure options.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-18 01:12 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/pull/9577 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| better-auth | better-auth |
Affected:
< 1.6.11
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for transactions between two other components, the proxy core should not drop the identity of the initiator of the transaction. The immutability of the identity of the initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the way to the target.
CAPEC-219: XML Routing Detour Attacks
An attacker subverts an intermediate system used to process XML content and forces the intermediate to modify and/or re-route the processing of the content. XML Routing Detour Attacks are Adversary in the Middle type attacks (CAPEC-94). The attacker compromises or inserts an intermediate system in the processing of the XML message. For example, WS-Routing can be used to specify a series of nodes or intermediaries through which content is passed. If any of the intermediate nodes in this route are compromised by an attacker they could be used for a routing detour attack. From the compromised system the attacker is able to route the XML process to other nodes of their choice and modify the responses so that the normal chain of processing is unaware of the interception. This system can forward the message to an outside entity and hide the forwarding and processing from the legitimate processing systems by altering the header information.
CAPEC-465: Transparent Proxy Abuse
A transparent proxy serves as an intermediate between the client and the internet at large. It intercepts all requests originating from the client and forwards them to the correct location. The proxy also intercepts all responses to the client and forwards these to the client. All of this is done in a manner transparent to the client.