CVE-2025-9231 (GCVE-0-2025-9231)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 13:17 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:02
VLAI?
Title
Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM
Summary
Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker.. While remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter, timing measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack. OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts. However, given that it is possible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled with the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be recoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate severity issue. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.
Severity ?
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenSSL OpenSSL Affected: 3.5.0 , < 3.5.4 (semver)
Affected: 3.4.0 , < 3.4.3 (semver)
Affected: 3.3.0 , < 3.3.5 (semver)
Affected: 3.2.0 , < 3.2.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public ?
2025-09-30 14:00
Credits
Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Tomas Mraz
Show details on NVD website
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      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/30/5\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/11/11\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T20:34:16.504Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 6.5, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"LOW\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-9231\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-09-30T19:27:45.704985Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-30T19:28:07.505Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"reporter\", \"value\": \"Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research)\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"remediation developer\", \"value\": \"Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research)\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"remediation developer\", \"value\": \"Tomas Mraz\"}], \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"https://openssl-library.org/policies/general/security-policy/\", \"content\": {\"text\": \"Moderate\"}}, \"format\": \"other\"}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"OpenSSL\", \"product\": \"OpenSSL\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.5.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.5.4\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.4.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.4.3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.3.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.3.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.2.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.2.6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"datePublic\": \"2025-09-30T14:00:00.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20250930.txt\", \"name\": \"OpenSSL Advisory\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/fc47a2ec078912b3e914fab5734535e76c4820c2\", \"name\": \"3.5.4 git commit\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eed5adc9f969d77c94f213767acbb41ff923b6f4\", \"name\": \"3.4.3 git commit\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/567f64386e43683888212226824b6a179885a0fe\", \"name\": \"3.3.5 git commit\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/cba616c26ac8e7b37de5e77762e505ba5ca51698\", \"name\": \"3.2.6 git commit\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 0.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote\\nrecovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit\\nARM platforms.\\n\\nImpact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit\\nARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker..\\n\\nWhile remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter,\\ntiming measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack.\\n\\nOpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so\\nthis CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts.  However, given that it is\\npossible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled\\nwith the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be\\nrecoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate\\nseverity issue.\\n\\nThe FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this\\nissue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote\u003cbr\u003erecovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit\u003cbr\u003eARM platforms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit\u003cbr\u003eARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker..\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter,\u003cbr\u003etiming measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so\u003cbr\u003ethis CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts.  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      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-9231\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T20:34:16.504Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-08-20T08:38:09.832Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"3a12439a-ef3a-4c79-92e6-6081a721f1e5\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-09-30T13:17:12.007Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"openssl\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


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Taxonomy of the tags.




Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.