CVE-2025-9708 (GCVE-0-2025-9708)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 21:08 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks
Summary
A vulnerability exists in the Kubernetes C# client where the certificate validation logic accepts properly constructed certificates from any Certificate Authority (CA) without properly verifying the trust chain. This flaw allows a malicious actor to present a forged certificate and potentially intercept or manipulate communication with the Kubernetes API server, leading to possible man-in-the-middle attacks and API impersonation.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-17 13:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kubernetes | Kubernetes CSharp Client |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 17.0.13
(semver)
Unaffected: 17.0.14 |
guessed |
Date Public
2025-09-16 02:30
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-9708",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-17T13:42:50.384978Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-17T13:42:59.781Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:15:23.948Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/16/1"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Kubernetes CSharp Client",
"vendor": "Kubernetes",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "17.0.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "17.0.14"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"user": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
"value": "elliott-beach"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-09-16T02:30:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cdiv\u003eA vulnerability exists in the Kubernetes C# client where the certificate validation logic accepts properly constructed certificates from any Certificate Authority (CA) without properly verifying the trust chain. This flaw allows a malicious actor to present a forged certificate and potentially intercept or manipulate communication with the Kubernetes API server, leading to possible man-in-the-middle attacks and API impersonation.\u003c/div\u003e"
}
],
"value": "A vulnerability exists in the Kubernetes C# client where the certificate validation logic accepts properly constructed certificates from any Certificate Authority (CA) without properly verifying the trust chain. This flaw allows a malicious actor to present a forged certificate and potentially intercept or manipulate communication with the Kubernetes API server, leading to possible man-in-the-middle attacks and API impersonation."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-94",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-94 Man in the Middle Attack"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-295",
"description": "CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-16T21:08:05.189Z",
"orgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
"shortName": "kubernetes"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"mailing-list"
],
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/rLopt2Msvbw/m/rK6XeNw2CgAJ"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/134063"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eDeploy the patch version of the Kubernetes C# client as soon as possible. Alternatively, move the CA certificates into the system trust store instead of specifying them in the kubeconfig file. Note: This approach may introduce new risks, as all processes on the system will begin to trust certificates signed by that CA. If you must use an affected version, you can disable custom CA and add the CA to the machine\u0027s trusted root.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Deploy the patch version of the Kubernetes C# client as soon as possible. Alternatively, move the CA certificates into the system trust store instead of specifying them in the kubeconfig file. Note: This approach may introduce new risks, as all processes on the system will begin to trust certificates signed by that CA. If you must use an affected version, you can disable custom CA and add the CA to the machine\u0027s trusted root."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
"assignerShortName": "kubernetes",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-9708",
"datePublished": "2025-09-16T21:08:05.189Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-29T16:21:58.881Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:15:23.948Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-9708",
"date": "2026-09-18",
"epss": "0.00309",
"percentile": "0.2389"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Kubernetes CSharp Client",
"vendor": "Kubernetes",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "17.0.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "17.0.14"
}
]
}
],
"source": "jordan@liggitt.net"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability exists in the Kubernetes C# client where the certificate validation logic accepts properly constructed certificates from any Certificate Authority (CA) without properly verifying the trust chain. This flaw allows a malicious actor to present a forged certificate and potentially intercept or manipulate communication with the Kubernetes API server, leading to possible man-in-the-middle attacks and API impersonation."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-9708",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:09:34.710",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
"impactScore": 5.2,
"source": "jordan@liggitt.net",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-9708",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-17T13:42:50.384978Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-09-16T22:15:33.407",
"references": [
{
"source": "jordan@liggitt.net",
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/134063"
},
{
"source": "jordan@liggitt.net",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/rLopt2Msvbw/m/rK6XeNw2CgAJ"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/16/1"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "jordan@liggitt.net",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-295"
}
],
"source": "jordan@liggitt.net",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-09-18T21:19:25+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-9708",
"id": "CVE-2025-9708",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-16T02:30:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-9708.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-31T13:49:52Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-9708",
"id": "CVE-2025-9708",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-17T23:25:19Z",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "441",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-9708",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-9708.json",
"version": "7"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:15:23.948Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/16/1"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-9708",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-17T13:42:50.384978Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-17T13:42:55.327Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Kubernetes CSharp Client",
"vendor": "Kubernetes",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "17.0.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "17.0.14"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"user": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
"value": "elliott-beach"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-09-16T02:30:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cdiv\u003eA vulnerability exists in the Kubernetes C# client where the certificate validation logic accepts properly constructed certificates from any Certificate Authority (CA) without properly verifying the trust chain. This flaw allows a malicious actor to present a forged certificate and potentially intercept or manipulate communication with the Kubernetes API server, leading to possible man-in-the-middle attacks and API impersonation.\u003c/div\u003e"
}
],
"value": "A vulnerability exists in the Kubernetes C# client where the certificate validation logic accepts properly constructed certificates from any Certificate Authority (CA) without properly verifying the trust chain. This flaw allows a malicious actor to present a forged certificate and potentially intercept or manipulate communication with the Kubernetes API server, leading to possible man-in-the-middle attacks and API impersonation."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-94",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-94 Man in the Middle Attack"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-295",
"description": "CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-16T21:08:05.189Z",
"orgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
"shortName": "kubernetes"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"mailing-list"
],
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/rLopt2Msvbw/m/rK6XeNw2CgAJ"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/134063"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eDeploy the patch version of the Kubernetes C# client as soon as possible. Alternatively, move the CA certificates into the system trust store instead of specifying them in the kubeconfig file. Note: This approach may introduce new risks, as all processes on the system will begin to trust certificates signed by that CA. If you must use an affected version, you can disable custom CA and add the CA to the machine\u0027s trusted root.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Deploy the patch version of the Kubernetes C# client as soon as possible. Alternatively, move the CA certificates into the system trust store instead of specifying them in the kubeconfig file. Note: This approach may introduce new risks, as all processes on the system will begin to trust certificates signed by that CA. If you must use an affected version, you can disable custom CA and add the CA to the machine\u0027s trusted root."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
"assignerShortName": "kubernetes",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-9708",
"datePublished": "2025-09-16T21:08:05.189Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-29T16:21:58.881Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:15:23.948Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…