CVE-2026-108954 (GCVE-0-2026-108954)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 01:30 – Updated: 2026-10-14 13:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
k2-fsa sherpa-onnx Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc Decode buffer overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was found in k2-fsa sherpa-onnx up to 1.13.8. This issue affects the function OfflineTransducerGreedySearchDecoder::Decode of the file sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc of the component Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder. The manipulation of the argument vocab_size results in buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. If only official model packs are used and they always keep metadata consistent with the joiner, the bug may not be reachable in normal supported usage. However, from a security and robustness standpoint, the code still contains the vulnerability because it trusts unvalidated model metadata and can be triggered by a malformed or tampered model pack.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 13:32 UTC
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108954 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/997824 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| k2-fsa | sherpa-onnx |
Affected:
1.13.0
Affected: 1.13.1 Affected: 1.13.2 Affected: 1.13.3 Affected: 1.13.4 Affected: 1.13.5 Affected: 1.13.6 Affected: 1.13.7 Affected: 1.13.8 cpe:2.3:a:k2-fsa:sherpa-onnx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-108954",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-14T13:32:03.862404Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T13:32:36.559Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:k2-fsa:sherpa-onnx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder"
],
"product": "sherpa-onnx",
"vendor": "k2-fsa",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.8"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Dem0 (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in k2-fsa sherpa-onnx up to 1.13.8. This issue affects the function OfflineTransducerGreedySearchDecoder::Decode of the file sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc of the component Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder. The manipulation of the argument vocab_size results in buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. If only official model packs are used and they always keep metadata consistent with the joiner, the bug may not be reachable in normal supported usage. However, from a security and robustness standpoint, the code still contains the vulnerability because it trusts unvalidated model metadata and can be triggered by a malformed or tampered model pack."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-120",
"description": "Buffer Overflow",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-119",
"description": "Memory Corruption",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T01:30:26.511Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-416773 | k2-fsa sherpa-onnx Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc Decode buffer overflow",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773"
},
{
"name": "VDB-416773 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-108954 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108954"
},
{
"name": "Submit #997824 | k2-fsa sherpa-onnx up to 1.13.8 (master commit 040afe360a38e25daaa325ce8889abf93ea02609 also affected) Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/997824"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983#issuecomment-5871985324"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-11T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-11T21:11:11.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "k2-fsa sherpa-onnx Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc Decode buffer overflow",
"x_generator": [
"VulDB PVTS v202610"
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-108954",
"datePublished": "2026-10-13T01:30:26.511Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-11T19:06:03.097Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T13:32:36.559Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2026-108954",
"date": "2026-10-16",
"epss": "0.00267",
"percentile": "0.17589"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:k2-fsa:sherpa-onnx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder"
],
"product": "sherpa-onnx",
"vendor": "k2-fsa",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.8"
}
]
}
],
"source": "cna@vuldb.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in k2-fsa sherpa-onnx up to 1.13.8. This issue affects the function OfflineTransducerGreedySearchDecoder::Decode of the file sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc of the component Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder. The manipulation of the argument vocab_size results in buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. If only official model packs are used and they always keep metadata consistent with the joiner, the bug may not be reachable in normal supported usage. However, from a security and robustness standpoint, the code still contains the vulnerability because it trusts unvalidated model metadata and can be triggered by a malformed or tampered model pack."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-108954",
"lastModified": "2026-10-14T14:17:35.787",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV2": [
{
"acInsufInfo": false,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"cvssData": {
"accessComplexity": "LOW",
"accessVector": "NETWORK",
"authentication": "NONE",
"availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"integrityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 10.0,
"impactScore": 6.4,
"obtainAllPrivilege": false,
"obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
"obtainUserPrivilege": false,
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary",
"userInteractionRequired": false
}
],
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 3.4,
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 2.1,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-108954",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-14T13:32:03.862404Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-10-13T02:16:57.503",
"references": [
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983#issuecomment-5871985324"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108954"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/997824"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773/cti"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "cna@vuldb.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-119"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-120"
}
],
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-108954",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-14T13:32:03.862404Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T13:32:11.563Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:k2-fsa:sherpa-onnx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder"
],
"product": "sherpa-onnx",
"vendor": "k2-fsa",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.8"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Dem0 (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in k2-fsa sherpa-onnx up to 1.13.8. This issue affects the function OfflineTransducerGreedySearchDecoder::Decode of the file sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc of the component Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder. The manipulation of the argument vocab_size results in buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. If only official model packs are used and they always keep metadata consistent with the joiner, the bug may not be reachable in normal supported usage. However, from a security and robustness standpoint, the code still contains the vulnerability because it trusts unvalidated model metadata and can be triggered by a malformed or tampered model pack."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-120",
"description": "Buffer Overflow",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-119",
"description": "Memory Corruption",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T01:30:26.511Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-416773 | k2-fsa sherpa-onnx Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc Decode buffer overflow",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773"
},
{
"name": "VDB-416773 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/416773/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-108954 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108954"
},
{
"name": "Submit #997824 | k2-fsa sherpa-onnx up to 1.13.8 (master commit 040afe360a38e25daaa325ce8889abf93ea02609 also affected) Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/997824"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/issues/3983#issuecomment-5871985324"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-11T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-11T21:11:11.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "k2-fsa sherpa-onnx Offline Transducer Greedy Search Decoder offline-transducer-greedy-search-decoder.cc Decode buffer overflow",
"x_generator": [
"VulDB PVTS v202610"
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-108954",
"datePublished": "2026-10-13T01:30:26.511Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-11T19:06:03.097Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T13:32:36.559Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.