CVE-2026-13149 (GCVE-0-2026-13149)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 08:30 – Updated: 2026-07-08 11:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding '{}' brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-30 12:43 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| juliangruber | brace-expansion |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.0.6
(semver)
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13149",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-30T12:43:12.568372Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T12:43:23.029Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://registry.npmjs.org",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "brace-expansion",
"product": "brace-expansion",
"repo": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion",
"vendor": "juliangruber",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.0.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "bnbdr"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding \u0027{}\u0027 brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work."
}
],
"value": "brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding \u0027{}\u0027 brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-469",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-469 HTTP DoS"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "YES",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NEGLIGIBLE",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-400",
"description": "CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T11:38:35.974Z",
"orgId": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"shortName": "seal"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c7e33ec13ac1a684c116720843ce24e208611754"
},
{
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/brace-expansion"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"assignerShortName": "seal",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13149",
"datePublished": "2026-06-30T08:30:34.502Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T10:17:07.027Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T11:38:35.974Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2026-13149",
"date": "2026-09-24",
"epss": "0.00364",
"percentile": "0.27441"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://registry.npmjs.org",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "brace-expansion",
"product": "brace-expansion",
"repo": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion",
"vendor": "juliangruber",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.0.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding \u0027{}\u0027 brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-13149",
"lastModified": "2026-07-08T12:17:20.087",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "YES",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NEGLIGIBLE",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"source": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13149",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-30T12:43:12.568372Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-06-30T10:16:34.560",
"references": [
{
"source": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c7e33ec13ac1a684c116720843ce24e208611754"
},
{
"source": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/brace-expansion"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-400"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-407"
}
],
"source": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-22T17:59:14+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-13149",
"id": "CVE-2026-13149",
"initial_release_date": "2026-06-30T08:30:34.502000+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "734",
"product_status:known_affected": "40",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "2564",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "brace-expansion: Brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to exponential-time complexity",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-13149.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-23T00:31:07Z",
"cve": "CVE-2026-13149",
"id": "CVE-2026-13149",
"initial_release_date": "2026-07-01T03:35:56Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "218",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "318",
"product_status:recommended": "54",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-13149",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-13149.json",
"version": "9"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13149",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-30T12:43:12.568372Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T12:43:19.177Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Linux",
"macOS",
"Windows"
],
"product": "brace-expansion",
"vendor": "juliangruber",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.0.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "bnbdr"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding \u0027{}\u0027 brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work."
}
],
"value": "brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding \u0027{}\u0027 brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-469",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-469 HTTP DoS"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "YES",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NEGLIGIBLE",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-400",
"description": "CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T08:30:34.502Z",
"orgId": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"shortName": "seal"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c7e33ec13ac1a684c116720843ce24e208611754"
},
{
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/brace-expansion"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "22e2d327-25fe-45d7-9f0c-dcd23b7108df",
"assignerShortName": "seal",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13149",
"datePublished": "2026-06-30T08:30:34.502Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T10:17:07.027Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-30T12:43:23.029Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…