Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-58502 (GCVE-0-2026-58502)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 17:37 – Updated: 2026-09-17 16:37

Title

githubtoplanguages: Command Injection via Issue Title in Discord Notification Workflow

Summary

githubtoplanguages generates a user's top GitHub languages as an SVG. The .github/workflows/discord-issue.yml workflow runs when an issue is opened or closed and interpolates github.event.issue.title directly into the Bash assignment for ISSUE_TITLE before shell parsing. An issue title containing shell command-substitution syntax can therefore execute commands on the GitHub Actions runner before the title is included in the Discord notification sent through DISCORD_WEBHOOK. Successful exploitation can manipulate or spoof trusted bot notifications and may expose the Discord webhook secret or other workflow environment data, depending on repository permissions. This issue is fixed by commit 6bf9c3a9cb66c937b9047ca266b3d02f2bb11027.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-17 16:37 UTC

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7639 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/secur…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/commi…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
gouef	githubtoplanguages	Affected: < 6bf9c3a9cb66c937b9047ca266b3d02f2bb11027	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/commit/6bf9c3a9cb66c937b9047ca266b3d02f2bb11027"
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          }
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    "vulnrichment": {
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}

FKIE_CVE-2026-58502

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-09-15 18:17 - Updated: 2026-09-30 17:51

Severity

7.1 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/commit/6bf9c3a9cb66c937b9047ca266b3d02f2bb11027
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/security/advisories/GHSA-c3xh-98xp-6qhf
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/security/advisories/GHSA-c3xh-98xp-6qhf

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "githubtoplanguages",
          "vendor": "gouef",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 6bf9c3a9cb66c937b9047ca266b3d02f2bb11027"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "githubtoplanguages generates a user\u0027s top GitHub languages as an SVG. The .github/workflows/discord-issue.yml workflow runs when an issue is opened or closed and interpolates github.event.issue.title directly into the Bash assignment for ISSUE_TITLE before shell parsing. An issue title containing shell command-substitution syntax can therefore execute commands on the GitHub Actions runner before the title is included in the Discord notification sent through DISCORD_WEBHOOK. Successful exploitation can manipulate or spoof trusted bot notifications and may expose the Discord webhook secret or other workflow environment data, depending on repository permissions. This issue is fixed by commit 6bf9c3a9cb66c937b9047ca266b3d02f2bb11027."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-58502",
  "lastModified": "2026-09-30T17:51:56.193",
  "metrics": {
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        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 7.1,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
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  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/commit/6bf9c3a9cb66c937b9047ca266b3d02f2bb11027"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/security/advisories/GHSA-c3xh-98xp-6qhf"
    },
    {
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    }
  ],
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  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
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    {
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      "type": "Secondary"
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  ]
}

GHSA-C3XH-98XP-6QHF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 22:10 – Updated: 2026-06-19 22:10

Summary

githubtoplanguages: Command Injection via Issue Title in Discord Notification Workflow

Details

Summary

A GitHub Actions workflow is vulnerable to command injection through the issue title.

The workflow is triggered when an issue is opened or closed, and it directly inserts github.event.issue.title into a Bash variable assignment. If an issue title contains command substitution syntax, Bash evaluates it during the workflow run.

Details

The vulnerable workflow is:

.github/workflows/discord-issue.yml

The issue title is directly interpolated into a Bash script:

ISSUE_TITLE="${{ github.event.issue.title || github.event.pull_request.title }}"

Because GitHub Actions expressions are expanded before Bash executes the script, an attacker-controlled issue title containing command substitution syntax can be evaluated by the shell.

In the original workflow, the resulting value is then included in a Discord notification payload:

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -X POST \
  -d "{\"username\": \"GitHub Bot\", \"content\": \"${STATUS} created by **${AUTHOR}**: **${ISSUE_TITLE}**\n🔗 ${ISSUE_URL}\"}" \
  "$DISCORD_WEBHOOK"

PoC

For safety, I reproduced this only in my fork. I did not trigger the original repository’s Discord webhook.

I kept the vulnerable Bash assignment unchanged and replaced the Discord webhook request with echo statements to observe the result safely.

Test issue title:

title: $(whoami)

Observed workflow log:

ISSUE_TITLE=title: runner

This confirms that $(whoami) was executed on the GitHub Actions runner before the value would be sent to Discord.

Impact

Any user who can open an issue may be able to execute shell commands on the GitHub Actions runner.

In practice, this means an attacker could create an issue with a crafted title, cause the workflow to execute a shell command, and have the command output included in the Discord notification content. This can be used to manipulate Discord notifications, spoof trusted GitHub bot messages, or repeatedly trigger unwanted notifications.

More importantly, the command runs in a workflow environment where a Discord webhook secret is configured. Depending on repository settings and workflow permissions, this may put workflow secrets or other environment data at risk.

Suggested Fix

Do not insert issue titles directly into Bash scripts.

Pass the title through an environment variable instead:

env:
  ISSUE_TITLE: ${{ github.event.issue.title }}
run: |
  issue_title="$ISSUE_TITLE"

Also avoid eval, unquoted variable expansion, or shell execution patterns involving user-controlled issue content.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "GitHub Actions",
        "name": "gouef/githubtoplanguages"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T22:10:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nA GitHub Actions workflow is vulnerable to command injection through the issue title.\n\nThe workflow is triggered when an issue is opened or closed, and it directly inserts `github.event.issue.title` into a Bash variable assignment. If an issue title contains command substitution syntax, Bash evaluates it during the workflow run.\n\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerable workflow is:\n\n`.github/workflows/discord-issue.yml`\n\nThe issue title is directly interpolated into a Bash script:\n\n```bash\nISSUE_TITLE=\"${{ github.event.issue.title || github.event.pull_request.title }}\"\n```\n\nBecause GitHub Actions expressions are expanded before Bash executes the script, an attacker-controlled issue title containing command substitution syntax can be evaluated by the shell.\n\nIn the original workflow, the resulting value is then included in a Discord notification payload:\n\n```bash\ncurl -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -X POST \\\n  -d \"{\\\"username\\\": \\\"GitHub Bot\\\", \\\"content\\\": \\\"${STATUS} created by **${AUTHOR}**: **${ISSUE_TITLE}**\\n\ud83d\udd17 ${ISSUE_URL}\\\"}\" \\\n  \"$DISCORD_WEBHOOK\"\n```\n\n### PoC\n\nFor safety, I reproduced this only in my fork. I did not trigger the original repository\u2019s Discord webhook.\n\nI kept the vulnerable Bash assignment unchanged and replaced the Discord webhook request with `echo` statements to observe the result safely.\n\nTest issue title:\n\n```text\ntitle: $(whoami)\n```\n\nObserved workflow log:\n\n```text\nISSUE_TITLE=title: runner\n```\n\nThis confirms that `$(whoami)` was executed on the GitHub Actions runner before the value would be sent to Discord.\n\n### Impact\n\nAny user who can open an issue may be able to execute shell commands on the GitHub Actions runner.\n\nIn practice, this means an attacker could create an issue with a crafted title, cause the workflow to execute a shell command, and have the command output included in the Discord notification content. This can be used to manipulate Discord notifications, spoof trusted GitHub bot messages, or repeatedly trigger unwanted notifications.\n\nMore importantly, the command runs in a workflow environment where a Discord webhook secret is configured. Depending on repository settings and workflow permissions, this may put workflow secrets or other environment data at risk.\n\n### Suggested Fix\n\nDo not insert issue titles directly into Bash scripts.\n\nPass the title through an environment variable instead:\n\n```yaml\nenv:\n  ISSUE_TITLE: ${{ github.event.issue.title }}\nrun: |\n  issue_title=\"$ISSUE_TITLE\"\n```\n\nAlso avoid `eval`, unquoted variable expansion, or shell execution patterns involving user-controlled issue content.",
  "id": "GHSA-c3xh-98xp-6qhf",
  "modified": "2026-06-19T22:10:31Z",
  "published": "2026-06-19T22:10:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/security/advisories/GHSA-c3xh-98xp-6qhf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages/commit/157840482e592bd4f8e0617539e73cdbef26f1ac"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/gouef/githubtoplanguages"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "githubtoplanguages: Command Injection via Issue Title in Discord Notification Workflow"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

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Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2026-58502 (GCVE-0-2026-58502)

FKIE_CVE-2026-58502

GHSA-C3XH-98XP-6QHF

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