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              "value": "AV:L - nftables is accessed via nfnetlink socket (netlink), requiring local system access. This is a local attack vector via syscall/netlink interface.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the exploitation: they create the nftables rules with catchall map elements and NFT_GOTO verdicts, trigger repeated DELSET abort cycles to decrement chain-\u003euse to zero, then issue DELCHAIN. No race condition or special conditions beyond attacker control are needed.\nPR:L - nftables requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but this capability is obtainable by an unprivileged user via user namespaces (unshare -Urn) since nfnetlink uses netlink_net_capable() which checks per-namespace capabilities. The commit message explicitly confirms exploitability from unprivileged users.\nUI:N - No user interaction is required. The attacker creates the nftables configuration, triggers the abort, and exploits the UAF entirely on their own.\nS:U - This is a standard local privilege escalation within the kernel. There is no crossing of virtualization or sandbox boundaries (no VM escape or IOMMU bypass).\nC:H - The use-after-free on the nft_chain structure allows the attacker to reclaim the freed memory with controlled data, providing arbitrary kernel memory read primitives. This is a well-known exploitation technique in nftables UAF bugs.\nI:H - The UAF enables heap spraying the freed chain object to gain arbitrary kernel memory write primitives, leading to full code execution in kernel context (local privilege escalation to root).\nA:H - The use-after-free will cause kernel crashes (oops/panic) when the dangling reference to the freed chain is accessed, and the attacker can trigger this reliably."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8c760ba4e36c750379d13569f23f5a6e185333f5"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f41c5d151078c5348271ffaf8e7410d96f2d82f8"
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      "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: fix inverted genmask check in nft_map_catchall_activate()",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmacvlan: fix error recovery in macvlan_common_newlink()\n\nvalis provided a nice repro to crash the kernel:\n\nip link add p1 type veth peer p2\nip link set address 00:00:00:00:00:20 dev p1\nip link set up dev p1\nip link set up dev p2\n\nip link add mv0 link p2 type macvlan mode source\nip link add invalid% link p2 type macvlan mode source macaddr add 00:00:00:00:00:20\n\nping -c1 -I p1 1.2.3.4\n\nHe also gave a very detailed analysis:\n\n\u003cquote valis\u003e\n\nThe issue is triggered when a new macvlan link is created  with\nMACVLAN_MODE_SOURCE mode and MACVLAN_MACADDR_ADD (or\nMACVLAN_MACADDR_SET) parameter, lower device already has a macvlan\nport and register_netdevice() called from macvlan_common_newlink()\nfails (e.g. because of the invalid link name).\n\nIn this case macvlan_hash_add_source is called from\nmacvlan_change_sources() / macvlan_common_newlink():\n\nThis adds a reference to vlan to the port\u0027s vlan_source_hash using\nmacvlan_source_entry.\n\nvlan is a pointer to the priv data of the link that is being created.\n\nWhen register_netdevice() fails, the error is returned from\nmacvlan_newlink() to rtnl_newlink_create():\n\n        if (ops-\u003enewlink)\n                err = ops-\u003enewlink(dev, \u0026params, extack);\n        else\n                err = register_netdevice(dev);\n        if (err \u003c 0) {\n                free_netdev(dev);\n                goto out;\n        }\n\nand free_netdev() is called, causing a kvfree() on the struct\nnet_device that is still referenced in the source entry attached to\nthe lower device\u0027s macvlan port.\n\nNow all packets sent on the macvlan port with a matching source mac\naddress will trigger a use-after-free in macvlan_forward_source().\n\n\u003c/quote valis\u003e\n\nWith all that, my fix is to make sure we call macvlan_flush_sources()\nregardless of @create value whenever \"goto destroy_macvlan_port;\"\npath is taken.\n\nMany thanks to valis for following up on this issue."
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              "value": "AV:L - Triggering the vulnerability requires CAP_NET_ADMIN to create macvlan interfaces, which is reachable via user namespaces (unshare -Urn) by an unprivileged local user. The setup is local even though the UAF is triggered by network packets.\nAC:L - The vulnerability is deterministically triggered by a straightforward sequence: create a macvlan source with a known-bad interface name to cause register_netdevice() failure, then send a packet with the matching source MAC. No race condition or special conditions needed.\nPR:L - Requires CAP_NET_ADMIN for RTM_NEWLINK netlink operations, but this capability is obtainable by any unprivileged user through user namespaces (unshare -Urn), as netlink_net_capable checks against the network namespace\u0027s user_ns, not init_user_ns.\nUI:N - No user interaction is needed. The attacker sets up the vulnerable macvlan configuration and triggers the UAF by sending packets on the lower device, all without any victim action.\nS:U - The vulnerability operates within the kernel\u0027s security context. While it allows kernel code execution, it does not cross a virtualization or sandbox boundary \u2014 it is standard kernel privilege escalation.\nC:H - The use-after-free in macvlan_forward_source() dereferences a freed macvlan_dev structure. An attacker can reclaim the freed memory via heap spraying, enabling arbitrary kernel memory reads through controlled object contents.\nI:H - The UAF accesses and writes to the freed macvlan_dev structure (e.g., macvlan_count_rx updates statistics). With heap spraying to reclaim the freed object, this provides arbitrary write primitives that can be leveraged for code execution.\nA:H - The use-after-free causes dereferencing of freed memory, which reliably causes kernel crashes (oops/panic) when the freed memory is reclaimed for other purposes. The reproducer in the commit message demonstrates a reliable crash."
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