Vulnerability-Lookup

CNVD-2025-23591

Vulnerability from cnvd - Published: 2025-10-14

Title

TOTOLINK X2000R使用默认凭据漏洞

Description

TOTOLINK X2000R是中国吉翁电子（TOTOLINK）公司推出的WiFi 6路由器，支持千兆网络和Easy Mesh功能，具备多设备连接与无线扩展能力。 TOTOLINK X2000R存在使用默认凭据漏洞，该漏洞源于组件管理界面的文件/etc/shadow.sample的未知函数，目前没有详细的漏洞细节提供。

Severity

低

Formal description

目前厂商尚未发布升级程序修复该安全问题，详情见厂商官网： https://www.totolink.net/

Reference

https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce

Impacted products

Name
TOTOLINK X2000R <=2.0.0

Show details on source website

JSON

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{
  "cves": {
    "cve": {
      "cveNumber": "CVE-2025-9577",
      "cveUrl": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9577"
    }
  },
  "description": "TOTOLINK X2000R\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5409\u7fc1\u7535\u5b50\uff08TOTOLINK\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u63a8\u51fa\u7684WiFi 6\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5343\u5146\u7f51\u7edc\u548cEasy Mesh\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u65e0\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\u3002\n\nTOTOLINK X2000R\u5b58\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u51ed\u636e\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6/etc/shadow.sample\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7ec6\u8282\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002",
  "formalWay": "\u76ee\u524d\u5382\u5546\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u5e03\u5347\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fee\u590d\u8be5\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u5382\u5546\u5b98\u7f51\uff1a\r\nhttps://www.totolink.net/",
  "isEvent": "\u901a\u7528\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u6f0f\u6d1e",
  "number": "CNVD-2025-23591",
  "openTime": "2025-10-14",
  "products": {
    "product": "TOTOLINK X2000R \u003c=2.0.0"
  },
  "referenceLink": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce",
  "serverity": "\u4f4e",
  "submitTime": "2025-08-31",
  "title": "TOTOLINK X2000R\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u51ed\u636e\u6f0f\u6d1e"
}

CVE-2025-9577 (GCVE-0-2025-9577)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 18:32 – Updated: 2025-08-28 18:41

Title

TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials

Summary

A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.

Severity

2 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

2.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

2.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-28 18:41 UTC

CWE

CWE-1392 - Use of Default Credentials

Assigner

VulDB mitre root Scorecard

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.321691	vdb-entry
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TO…	related
https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TO…	exploit
https://www.totolink.net/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
TOTOLINK	X2000R	Affected: 2.0

Credits

lxyilu (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-9577",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-28T18:41:00.764851Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:41:04.929Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "modules": [
            "Administrative Interface"
          ],
          "product": "X2000R",
          "vendor": "TOTOLINK",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "lxyilu (VulDB User)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "In TOTOLINK X2000R bis 2.0.0 ist eine Schwachstelle entdeckt worden. Dabei geht es um eine nicht genauer bekannte Funktion der Datei /etc/shadow.sample der Komponente Administrative Interface. Die Bearbeitung verursacht use of default credentials. Der Angriff hat dabei lokal zu erfolgen. Die Komplexit\u00e4t eines Angriffs ist eher hoch. Es wird angegeben, dass die Ausnutzbarkeit schwierig ist. Der Exploit wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit bekannt gemacht und k\u00f6nnte verwendet werden."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 2,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 2.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
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            "version": "3.0"
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        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
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            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
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      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1392",
              "description": "Use of Default Credentials",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
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      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-321691 | TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.321691"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-321691 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #636069 | TOTOLINK Wi-Fi 6 Router X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0 Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.totolink.net/"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T13:17:14.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-9577",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-08-28T11:12:10.995Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:41:04.929Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CNVD-2025-23591

CVE-2025-9577 (GCVE-0-2025-9577)

Tags

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Nomenclature

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