CVE-2025-9577 (GCVE-0-2025-9577)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 18:32 – Updated: 2025-08-28 18:41
VLAI?
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.
Severity ?
2 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
2.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
2.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TOTOLINK X2000R Affected: 2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lxyilu (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-9577",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-28T18:41:00.764851Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:41:04.929Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "modules": [
            "Administrative Interface"
          ],
          "product": "X2000R",
          "vendor": "TOTOLINK",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "lxyilu (VulDB User)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "In TOTOLINK X2000R bis 2.0.0 ist eine Schwachstelle entdeckt worden. Dabei geht es um eine nicht genauer bekannte Funktion der Datei /etc/shadow.sample der Komponente Administrative Interface. Die Bearbeitung verursacht use of default credentials. Der Angriff hat dabei lokal zu erfolgen. Die Komplexit\u00e4t eines Angriffs ist eher hoch. Es wird angegeben, dass die Ausnutzbarkeit schwierig ist. Der Exploit wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit bekannt gemacht und k\u00f6nnte verwendet werden."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 2,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 2.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 1,
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1392",
              "description": "Use of Default Credentials",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-321691 | TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.321691"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-321691 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #636069 | TOTOLINK Wi-Fi 6 Router X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0 Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.totolink.net/"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T13:17:14.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-9577",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-08-28T11:12:10.995Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:41:04.929Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-9577\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"published\":\"2025-08-28T19:15:34.880\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-09-09T19:13:43.063\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":2.0,\"baseSeverity\":\"LOW\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"PROOF_OF_CONCEPT\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N\",\"baseScore\":2.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"LOW\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":1.4},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.0,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N\",\"baseScore\":1.0,\"accessVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"accessComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"authentication\":\"SINGLE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"PARTIAL\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"LOW\",\"exploitabilityScore\":1.5,\"impactScore\":2.9,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":false}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-1392\"}]},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"operator\":\"AND\",\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:totolink:x2000r_firmware:2.0.0-b20230727.1043.web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"79A3F735-30B4-44DF-98B5-5DDB3ABEA61D\"}]},{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:h:totolink:x2000r:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"299F34FB-4D53-4846-B6F0-4431D61B5154\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md\",\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce\",\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691\",\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"tags\":[\"Permissions Required\",\"VDB Entry\"]},{\"url\":\"https://vuldb.com/?id.321691\",\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\",\"VDB Entry\"]},{\"url\":\"https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069\",\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\",\"VDB Entry\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.totolink.net/\",\"source\":\"cna@vuldb.com\",\"tags\":[\"Product\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-9577\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-08-28T18:41:00.764851Z\"}}}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md\", \"tags\": [\"exploit\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce\", \"tags\": [\"exploit\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-08-28T18:40:55.172Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials\", \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"reporter\", \"value\": \"lxyilu (VulDB User)\"}], \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 2, \"baseSeverity\": \"LOW\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P\"}}, {\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 2.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"LOW\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R\"}}, {\"cvssV3_0\": {\"version\": \"3.0\", \"baseScore\": 2.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"LOW\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R\"}}, {\"cvssV2_0\": {\"version\": \"2.0\", \"baseScore\": 1, \"vectorString\": \"AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"TOTOLINK\", \"modules\": [\"Administrative Interface\"], \"product\": \"X2000R\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"2.0\"}]}], \"timeline\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-08-28T00:00:00.000Z\", \"value\": \"Advisory disclosed\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-08-28T02:00:00.000Z\", \"value\": \"VulDB entry created\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-08-28T13:17:14.000Z\", \"value\": \"VulDB entry last update\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://vuldb.com/?id.321691\", \"name\": \"VDB-321691 | TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials\", \"tags\": [\"vdb-entry\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691\", \"name\": \"VDB-321691 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)\", \"tags\": [\"signature\", \"permissions-required\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069\", \"name\": \"Submit #636069 | TOTOLINK Wi-Fi 6 Router X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0 Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information\", \"tags\": [\"third-party-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md\", \"tags\": [\"related\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce\", \"tags\": [\"exploit\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.totolink.net/\", \"tags\": [\"product\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.\"}, {\"lang\": \"de\", \"value\": \"In TOTOLINK X2000R bis 2.0.0 ist eine Schwachstelle entdeckt worden. Dabei geht es um eine nicht genauer bekannte Funktion der Datei /etc/shadow.sample der Komponente Administrative Interface. Die Bearbeitung verursacht use of default credentials. Der Angriff hat dabei lokal zu erfolgen. Die Komplexit\\u00e4t eines Angriffs ist eher hoch. Es wird angegeben, dass die Ausnutzbarkeit schwierig ist. Der Exploit wurde der \\u00d6ffentlichkeit bekannt gemacht und k\\u00f6nnte verwendet werden.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-1392\", \"description\": \"Use of Default Credentials\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5\", \"shortName\": \"VulDB\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-9577\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-08-28T18:41:04.929Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-08-28T11:12:10.995Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"VulDB\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.