cve-2010-1285
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2010-06-30 18:00
Modified
2024-08-07 01:21
Severity ?
Summary
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.3.3, and 8.x before 8.2.3 on Windows and Mac OS X, allow attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified manipulations involving the newclass (0x58) operator and an "invalid pointer vulnerability" that triggers memory corruption, a different vulnerability than CVE-2010-2168 and CVE-2010-2201.
Impacted products
n/an/a
Show details on NVD website


{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-07T01:21:17.661Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "ADV-2010-1636",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_VUPEN",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1636"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.adobe.com/support/security/bulletins/apsb10-15.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "1024159",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_SECTRACK",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1024159"
          },
          {
            "name": "41232",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_BID",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41232"
          },
          {
            "name": "oval:org.mitre.oval:def:6725",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "signature",
              "x_refsource_OVAL",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6725"
          },
          {
            "name": "20100630 VUPEN Security Research - Adobe Acrobat and Reader \"newclass\" Memory Corruption Vulnerability (CVE-2010-1285)",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_BUGTRAQ",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/512099"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2010-06-29T00:00:00",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.3.3, and 8.x before 8.2.3 on Windows and Mac OS X, allow attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified manipulations involving the newclass (0x58) operator and an \"invalid pointer vulnerability\" that triggers memory corruption, a different vulnerability than CVE-2010-2168 and CVE-2010-2201."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2017-09-18T12:57:01",
        "orgId": "078d4453-3bcd-4900-85e6-15281da43538",
        "shortName": "adobe"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "ADV-2010-1636",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_VUPEN"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1636"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.adobe.com/support/security/bulletins/apsb10-15.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "1024159",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_SECTRACK"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1024159"
        },
        {
          "name": "41232",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_BID"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41232"
        },
        {
          "name": "oval:org.mitre.oval:def:6725",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "signature",
            "x_refsource_OVAL"
          ],
          "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6725"
        },
        {
          "name": "20100630 VUPEN Security Research - Adobe Acrobat and Reader \"newclass\" Memory Corruption Vulnerability (CVE-2010-1285)",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_BUGTRAQ"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/512099"
        }
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "psirt@adobe.com",
          "ID": "CVE-2010-1285",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "n/a",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "n/a"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.3.3, and 8.x before 8.2.3 on Windows and Mac OS X, allow attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified manipulations involving the newclass (0x58) operator and an \"invalid pointer vulnerability\" that triggers memory corruption, a different vulnerability than CVE-2010-2168 and CVE-2010-2201."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "ADV-2010-1636",
              "refsource": "VUPEN",
              "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1636"
            },
            {
              "name": "http://www.adobe.com/support/security/bulletins/apsb10-15.html",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "http://www.adobe.com/support/security/bulletins/apsb10-15.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "1024159",
              "refsource": "SECTRACK",
              "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1024159"
            },
            {
              "name": "41232",
              "refsource": "BID",
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41232"
            },
            {
              "name": "oval:org.mitre.oval:def:6725",
              "refsource": "OVAL",
              "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6725"
            },
            {
              "name": "20100630 VUPEN Security Research - Adobe Acrobat and Reader \"newclass\" Memory Corruption Vulnerability (CVE-2010-1285)",
              "refsource": "BUGTRAQ",
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/512099"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "078d4453-3bcd-4900-85e6-15281da43538",
    "assignerShortName": "adobe",
    "cveId": "CVE-2010-1285",
    "datePublished": "2010-06-30T18:00:00",
    "dateReserved": "2010-04-06T00:00:00",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-07T01:21:17.661Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2010-1285\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"psirt@adobe.com\",\"published\":\"2010-06-30T18:30:01.380\",\"lastModified\":\"2018-10-30T16:25:16.967\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.3.3, and 8.x before 8.2.3 on Windows and Mac OS X, allow attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified manipulations involving the newclass (0x58) operator and an \\\"invalid pointer vulnerability\\\" that triggers memory corruption, a different vulnerability than CVE-2010-2168 and CVE-2010-2201.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Adobe Reader y Acrobat versi\u00f3n 9.x anterior a 9.3.3 y versi\u00f3n 8.x anterior a 8.2.3 en Windows y Mac OS X, permiten a los atacantes ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario por medio de manipulaciones no especificadas que involucre el operador newclass (0x58) y una \\\"invalid pointer vulnerability\\\" que desencadena corrupci\u00f3n de memoria, esta es una vulnerabilidad diferente a los CVE-2010-2168 y CVE-2010-2201.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C\",\"accessVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"accessComplexity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"authentication\":\"NONE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"baseScore\":9.3},\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitabilityScore\":8.6,\"impactScore\":10.0,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":true,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":true}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-20\"},{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-399\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"operator\":\"AND\",\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5AA53564-9ACD-4CFB-9AAC-A77440026A57\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C7EC46E3-77B7-4455-B3E0-A45C6B69B3DC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4F475858-DCE2-4C93-A51A-04718DF17593\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"88687272-4CD0-42A2-B727-C322ABDE3549\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"1E5C4FA4-3786-47AF-BD7D-8E75927EB3AA\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B35CC915-EEE3-4E86-9E09-1893C725E07B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"76201694-E5C5-4CA3-8919-46937AFDAAE3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"397AB988-1C2C-4247-9B34-806094197CB5\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:9.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8FA0B8C3-8060-4685-A241-9852BD63B7A0\"}]},{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0FF5999A-9D12-4CDD-8DE9-A89C10B2D574\"},{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2CF61F35-5905-4BA9-AD7E-7DB261D2F256\"}]}]},{\"operator\":\"AND\",\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"562772F1-1627-438E-A6B8-7D1AA5536086\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"27D5AF92-A8E1-41BD-B20A-EB26BB6AD4DE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F25C9167-C6D4-4264-9197-50878EDA2D96\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DD1D7308-09E9-42B2-8836-DC2326C62A9E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B5C251D2-4C9B-4029-8BED-0FCAED3B8E89\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2432AC17-5378-4C61-A775-5172FD44EC03\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B6BA82F4-470D-4A46-89B2-D2F3C8FA31C8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"39EDED39-664F-4B68-B422-2CCCA3B83550\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:9.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B508C5CE-1386-47B3-B301-B78DBB3A75D9\"}]},{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0FF5999A-9D12-4CDD-8DE9-A89C10B2D574\"},{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2CF61F35-5905-4BA9-AD7E-7DB261D2F256\"}]}]},{\"operator\":\"AND\",\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"26AE76F7-D7F6-4AF2-A5C6-708B5642C288\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"749FFB51-65D4-4A4B-95F3-742440276897\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C8665E53-EC1E-4B95-9064-2565BC12113E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"24218FDA-F9DA-465A-B5D5-76A55C7EE04E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E2C5F1C5-85CD-47B9-897F-E51D6902AF72\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E0E190FF-3EBC-44AB-8072-4D964E843E8A\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6A624D44-C135-4ED3-9BA4-F4F8A044850B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B95C0A99-42E4-40A9-BF61-507E4E4DC052\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"3B9F55CC-3681-4A67-99D1-3F40447392D5\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A9C0AC89-804B-44A1-929A-118993B6BAA7\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"39B174C3-1BA6-4654-BFA4-CC126454E147\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:8.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6ACDAA2B-3977-4590-9F16-5DDB6FF6545B\"}]},{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0FF5999A-9D12-4CDD-8DE9-A89C10B2D574\"},{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2CF61F35-5905-4BA9-AD7E-7DB261D2F256\"}]}]},{\"operator\":\"AND\",\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"996EB48E-D2A8-49E4-915A-EBDE26A9FB94\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"97E20936-EE31-4CEB-A710-3165A28BAD69\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5BD9952C-A1D0-4DFB-A292-9B86D7EAE5FD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C5BEA847-A71E-4336-AB67-B3C38847C1C3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"39F6994B-6969-485B-9286-2592B11A47BF\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FC533775-B52E-43F0-BF19-1473BE36232D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"18D1C85E-42CC-46F2-A7B6-DAC3C3995330\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C4670451-511E-496C-A78A-887366E1E992\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"35994F76-CD13-4301-9134-FC0CBEA37D97\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:8.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0FB61191-F955-4DE6-A86B-36E031DE1F99\"}]},{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0FF5999A-9D12-4CDD-8DE9-A89C10B2D574\"},{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2CF61F35-5905-4BA9-AD7E-7DB261D2F256\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://www.adobe.com/support/security/bulletins/apsb10-15.html\",\"source\":\"psirt@adobe.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/512099\",\"source\":\"psirt@adobe.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41232\",\"source\":\"psirt@adobe.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1024159\",\"source\":\"psirt@adobe.com\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1636\",\"source\":\"psirt@adobe.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6725\",\"source\":\"psirt@adobe.com\"}]}}"
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading...

Loading...

Loading...

Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.