CVE-2021-42114 (GCVE-0-2021-42114)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-16 11:45 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:52
VLAI?
Title
Scalable Rowhammering In the Frequency Domain to Bypass TRR Mitigations On Modern DDR4/LPDDR4X Devices
Summary
Modern DRAM devices (PC-DDR4, LPDDR4X) are affected by a vulnerability in their internal Target Row Refresh (TRR) mitigation against Rowhammer attacks. Novel non-uniform Rowhammer access patterns, consisting of aggressors with different frequencies, phases, and amplitudes allow triggering bit flips on affected memory modules using our Blacksmith fuzzer. The patterns generated by Blacksmith were able to trigger bitflips on all 40 PC-DDR4 DRAM devices in our test pool, which cover the three major DRAM manufacturers: Samsung, SK Hynix, and Micron. This means that, even when chips advertised as Rowhammer-free are used, attackers may still be able to exploit Rowhammer. For example, this enables privilege-escalation attacks against the kernel or binaries such as the sudo binary, and also triggering bit flips in RSA-2048 keys (e.g., SSH keys) to gain cross-tenant virtual-machine access. We can confirm that DRAM devices acquired in July 2020 with DRAM chips from all three major DRAM vendors (Samsung, SK Hynix, Micron) are affected by this vulnerability. For more details, please refer to our publication.
Severity ?
9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Micron Micron ddr4_sdram Affected: 1
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kaveh Razavi, Patrick Jattke, Stijn Gunter; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Victor van der Veen; Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Pietro Frigo; VU Amsterdam
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2021-42114\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"vulnerability@ncsc.ch\",\"published\":\"2021-11-16T12:15:06.817\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-11-21T06:27:17.380\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Modern DRAM devices (PC-DDR4, LPDDR4X) are affected by a vulnerability in their internal Target Row Refresh (TRR) mitigation against Rowhammer attacks. Novel non-uniform Rowhammer access patterns, consisting of aggressors with different frequencies, phases, and amplitudes allow triggering bit flips on affected memory modules using our Blacksmith fuzzer. The patterns generated by Blacksmith were able to trigger bitflips on all 40 PC-DDR4 DRAM devices in our test pool, which cover the three major DRAM manufacturers: Samsung, SK Hynix, and Micron. This means that, even when chips advertised as Rowhammer-free are used, attackers may still be able to exploit Rowhammer. For example, this enables privilege-escalation attacks against the kernel or binaries such as the sudo binary, and also triggering bit flips in RSA-2048 keys (e.g., SSH keys) to gain cross-tenant virtual-machine access. We can confirm that DRAM devices acquired in July 2020 with DRAM chips from all three major DRAM vendors (Samsung, SK Hynix, Micron) are affected by this vulnerability. For more details, please refer to our publication.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Los dispositivos DRAM modernos (PC-DDR4, LPDDR4X) est\u00e1n afectados por una vulnerabilidad en su mitigaci\u00f3n interna Target Row Refresh (TRR) contra los ataques Rowhammer. Los nuevos patrones de acceso Rowhammer no uniformes, que consisten en agresores con diferentes frecuencias, fases y amplitudes, permiten desencadenar cambios de bits en los m\u00f3dulos de memoria afectados usando nuestro fuzzer Blacksmith. Los patrones generados por Blacksmith fueron capaces de desencadenar cambios de bits en los 40 dispositivos DRAM PC-DDR4 de nuestro grupo de pruebas, que cubren los tres principales fabricantes de DRAM: Samsung, SK Hynix y Micron. Esto significa que, incluso cuando son usados chips anunciados como libres de Rowhammer, los atacantes pueden seguir siendo capaces de explotar Rowhammer. Por ejemplo, esto permite realizar ataques de escalada de privilegios contra el kernel o los binarios como el binario sudo, y tambi\u00e9n desencadenar cambio de bits en las claves RSA-2048 (por ejemplo, las claves SSH) para conseguir acceso a m\u00e1quinas virtuales de otros usuarios. Podemos confirmar que los dispositivos DRAM adquiridos en julio de 2020 con chips DRAM de los tres principales proveedores de DRAM (Samsung, SK Hynix, Micron) est\u00e1n afectados por esta vulnerabilidad. Para m\u00e1s detalles, consulte nuestra 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Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://comsec.ethz.ch/wp-content/files/blacksmith_sp22.pdf\",\"source\":\"vulnerability@ncsc.ch\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/comsec-group/blacksmith\",\"source\":\"vulnerability@ncsc.ch\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://comsec.ethz.ch/research/dram/blacksmith/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://comsec.ethz.ch/wp-content/files/blacksmith_sp22.pdf\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/comsec-group/blacksmith\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}"
  }
}


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Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.