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CVE-2024-57982 (GCVE-0-2024-57982)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:07 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:47
VLAI
Title
xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup lookup and resize can run in parallel. The xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock ensures a retry, but the hash functions can observe a hmask value that is too large for the new hlist array. rehash does: rcu_assign_pointer(net->xfrm.state_bydst, ndst) [..] net->xfrm.state_hmask = nhashmask; While state lookup does: h = xfrm_dst_hash(net, daddr, saddr, tmpl->reqid, encap_family); hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(x, net->xfrm.state_bydst + h, bydst) { This is only safe in case the update to state_bydst is larger than net->xfrm.xfrm_state_hmask (or if the lookup function gets serialized via state spinlock again). Fix this by prefetching state_hmask and the associated pointers. The xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock retry will ensure that the pointer and the hmask will be consistent. The existing helpers, like xfrm_dst_hash(), are now unsafe for RCU side, add lockdep assertions to document that they are only safe for insert side. xfrm_state_lookup_byaddr() uses the spinlock rather than RCU. AFAICS this is an oversight from back when state lookup was converted to RCU, this lock should be replaced with RCU in a future patch.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 19:31 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < b86dc510308d7a8955f3f47a4fea4bef887653e4 (git)
Affected: c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < a16871c7832ea6435abb6e0b58289ae7dcb7e4fc (git)
Affected: c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < dd4c2a174994238d55ab54da2545543d36f4e0d0 (git)
Affected: c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6 , < e952837f3ddb0ff726d5b582aa1aad9aa38d024d (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.13 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.2 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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              "value": "AV:L - The race is reliably driven locally: XFRM netlink (`XFRM_MSG_NEWSA` to force `xfrm_hash_resize()`, `XFRM_MSG_GETSA` to drive concurrent lookups) is reachable from an unprivileged user\u0027s own network namespace, where the xfrm state hash tables are per-netns. Although the lookup is also hit by unauthenticated remote ESP/AH packets via `xfrm_input_state_lookup()`, a remote attacker cannot schedule the racing resize, so the local vector is the exploitable one.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 inserting SAs to schedule `xfrm_hash_resize()` on one CPU while issuing lookups with attacker-chosen spi/daddr on another \u2014 and can repeat indefinitely by creating fresh network namespaces, each yielding a new sequence of doubling resizes. syzbot reproduced this from ordinary syscalls.\nPR:L - `xfrm_user_rcv_msg()` requires `netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which resolves to `ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` and is therefore satisfied by any unprivileged user after `unshare -Urn`. No real root in the initial namespace is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers both the hash resize and the concurrent state lookup entirely from their own threads; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access and any resulting corruption stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale-table/new-mask mismatch reads up to a full table length past the allocation, and the OOB slot is dereferenced as an `hlist_node` and `container_of()`\u0027d into a `struct xfrm_state`, so adjacent slab contents the attacker can groom become a fake-object pointer, yielding reads at attacker-influenced kernel addresses rather than a bounded few-byte leak.\nI:H - The bogus state pointer reaches `refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026x-\u003erefcnt)`, an increment write at an attacker-influenced address, and a fabricated `xfrm_state` returned to `xfrm_input()`/`xfrm_state_find()` is then used for IPsec processing \u2014 both usable to corrupt kernel state and pursue control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Walking a garbage hlist pointer read past the end of the hash table dereferences a wild address, producing an oops or panic; with larger page-order tables the OOB read can also fault into unmapped memory."
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El xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock ensures a retry, but the hash functions can observe a hmask value that is too large for the new hlist array. rehash does: rcu_assign_pointer(net-\u0026gt;xfrm.state_bydst, ndst) [..] net-\u0026gt;xfrm.state_hmask = nhashmask; While state lookup does: h = xfrm_dst_hash(net, daddr, saddr, tmpl-\u0026gt;reqid, encap_family); hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(x, net-\u0026gt;xfrm.state_bydst + h, bydst) { This is only safe in case the update to state_bydst is larger than net-\u0026gt;xfrm.xfrm_state_hmask (or if the lookup function gets serialized via state spinlock again). Solucione esto al precargar state_hmask y los punteros asociados. El reintento de seqlock xfrm_state_hash_generation asegurar\u00e1 que el puntero y el hmask sean consistentes. Los ayudantes existentes, como xfrm_dst_hash(), ahora no son seguros para el lado de RCU, agregue afirmaciones lockdep para documentar que solo son seguros para el lado de inserci\u00f3n. xfrm_state_lookup_byaddr() usa el bloqueo giratorio en lugar de RCU. AFAICS esto es un descuido de cuando la b\u00fasqueda de estado se convirti\u00f3 a RCU, este bloqueo debe reemplazarse con RCU en un parche futuro.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\",\"lessThan\":\"b86dc510308d7a8955f3f47a4fea4bef887653e4\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\",\"lessThan\":\"a16871c7832ea6435abb6e0b58289ae7dcb7e4fc\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\",\"lessThan\":\"dd4c2a174994238d55ab54da2545543d36f4e0d0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\",\"lessThan\":\"e952837f3ddb0ff726d5b582aa1aad9aa38d024d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.9\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.9\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.120\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.13\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.1,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.2},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.1,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.2}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2025-10-01T19:31:46.705139Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2024-57982\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA 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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-04T14:07:03+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-57982",
      "id": "CVE-2024-57982",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "612",
      "product_status:known_affected": "84",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "28",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-57982.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-08T00:12:05Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-57982",
      "id": "CVE-2024-57982",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-02-28T02:23:31Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "691",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "105",
      "product_status:recommended": "502",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2024-57982",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2024-57982.json",
      "version": "57"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.1, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2024-57982\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-10-01T19:31:46.705139Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-125\", \"description\": \"CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-10-01T16:54:28.525Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"xfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"AV:L - The race is reliably driven locally: XFRM netlink (`XFRM_MSG_NEWSA` to force `xfrm_hash_resize()`, `XFRM_MSG_GETSA` to drive concurrent lookups) is reachable from an unprivileged user\u0027s own network namespace, where the xfrm state hash tables are per-netns. Although the lookup is also hit by unauthenticated remote ESP/AH packets via `xfrm_input_state_lookup()`, a remote attacker cannot schedule the racing resize, so the local vector is the exploitable one.\\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \\u2014 inserting SAs to schedule `xfrm_hash_resize()` on one CPU while issuing lookups with attacker-chosen spi/daddr on another \\u2014 and can repeat indefinitely by creating fresh network namespaces, each yielding a new sequence of doubling resizes. syzbot reproduced this from ordinary syscalls.\\nPR:L - `xfrm_user_rcv_msg()` requires `netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which resolves to `ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` and is therefore satisfied by any unprivileged user after `unshare -Urn`. No real root in the initial namespace is needed.\\nUI:N - The attacker triggers both the hash resize and the concurrent state lookup entirely from their own threads; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access and any resulting corruption stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\\nC:H - The stale-table/new-mask mismatch reads up to a full table length past the allocation, and the OOB slot is dereferenced as an `hlist_node` and `container_of()`\u0027d into a `struct xfrm_state`, so adjacent slab contents the attacker can groom become a fake-object pointer, yielding reads at attacker-influenced kernel addresses rather than a bounded few-byte leak.\\nI:H - The bogus state pointer reaches `refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026x-\u003erefcnt)`, an increment write at an attacker-influenced address, and a fabricated `xfrm_state` returned to `xfrm_input()`/`xfrm_state_find()` is then used for IPsec processing \\u2014 both usable to corrupt kernel state and pursue control-flow hijack.\\nA:H - Walking a garbage hlist pointer read past the end of the hash table dereferences a wild address, producing an oops or panic; with larger page-order tables the OOB read can also fault into unmapped memory.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\", \"lessThan\": \"b86dc510308d7a8955f3f47a4fea4bef887653e4\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\", \"lessThan\": \"a16871c7832ea6435abb6e0b58289ae7dcb7e4fc\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\", \"lessThan\": \"dd4c2a174994238d55ab54da2545543d36f4e0d0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c2f672fc94642bae96821a393f342edcfa9794a6\", \"lessThan\": \"e952837f3ddb0ff726d5b582aa1aad9aa38d024d\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.9\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.9\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.120\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.13\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b86dc510308d7a8955f3f47a4fea4bef887653e4\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a16871c7832ea6435abb6e0b58289ae7dcb7e4fc\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd4c2a174994238d55ab54da2545543d36f4e0d0\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e952837f3ddb0ff726d5b582aa1aad9aa38d024d\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nxfrm: state: fix out-of-bounds read during lookup\\n\\nlookup and resize can run in parallel.\\n\\nThe xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock ensures a retry, but the hash\\nfunctions can observe a hmask value that is too large for the new hlist\\narray.\\n\\nrehash does:\\n  rcu_assign_pointer(net-\u003exfrm.state_bydst, ndst) [..]\\n  net-\u003exfrm.state_hmask = nhashmask;\\n\\nWhile state lookup does:\\n  h = xfrm_dst_hash(net, daddr, saddr, tmpl-\u003ereqid, encap_family);\\n  hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(x, net-\u003exfrm.state_bydst + h, bydst) {\\n\\nThis is only safe in case the update to state_bydst is larger than\\nnet-\u003exfrm.xfrm_state_hmask (or if the lookup function gets\\nserialized via state spinlock again).\\n\\nFix this by prefetching state_hmask and the associated pointers.\\nThe xfrm_state_hash_generation seqlock retry will ensure that the pointer\\nand the hmask will be consistent.\\n\\nThe existing helpers, like xfrm_dst_hash(), are now unsafe for RCU side,\\nadd lockdep assertions to document that they are only safe for insert\\nside.\\n\\nxfrm_state_lookup_byaddr() uses the spinlock rather than RCU.\\nAFAICS this is an oversight from back when state lookup was converted to\\nRCU, this lock should be replaced with RCU in a future patch.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.120\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.9\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.13\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.9\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.2\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.9\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.9\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:47:08.401Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2024-57982\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:47:08.401Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-02-27T02:04:28.913Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-02-27T02:07:08.169Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


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