CVE-2025-37838 (GCVE-0-2025-37838)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-18 14:20 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:57
VLAI
Title
HSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition In the ssi_protocol_probe() function, &ssi->work is bound with ssip_xmit_work(), In ssip_pn_setup(), the ssip_pn_xmit() function within the ssip_pn_ops structure is capable of starting the work. If we remove the module which will call ssi_protocol_remove() to make a cleanup, it will free ssi through kfree(ssi), while the work mentioned above will be used. The sequence of operations that may lead to a UAF bug is as follows: CPU0 CPU1 | ssip_xmit_work ssi_protocol_remove | kfree(ssi); | | struct hsi_client *cl = ssi->cl; | // use ssi Fix it by ensuring that the work is canceled before proceeding with the cleanup in ssi_protocol_remove().
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-21 14:38 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < d03abc1c2b21324550fa71e12d53e7d3498e0af6 (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < 4a8c29beb8a02b5a0a9d77d608aa14b6f88a6b86 (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < 72972552d0d0bfeb2dec5daf343a19018db36ffa (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < d58493832e284f066e559b8da5ab20c15a2801d3 (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < 58eb29dba712ab0f13af59ca2fe545f5ce360e78 (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < ae5a6a0b425e8f76a9f0677e50796e494e89b088 (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < 834e602d0cc7c743bfce734fad4a46cefc0f9ab1 (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < 4b4194c9a7a8f92db39e8e86c85f4fb12ebbec4f (git)
Affected: df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b , < e3f88665a78045fe35c7669d2926b8d97b892c11 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.8 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.293 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.237 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.181 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.135 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.88 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.24 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.12 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.3 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable work item is armed only through the local phonet netdev transmit path (`ssip_pn_xmit()` via a local socket) and the free occurs on local driver teardown (unbind/module removal or interface down); no remote peer data reaches this code.\nAC:L - The attacker directly controls the arming side of the race by continuously queuing TX packets so `ssip_xmit_work()` is pending/running, and can repeat the teardown trigger indefinitely until the window is hit, so success does not depend on conditions outside the attacker\u0027s influence.\nPR:L - Reaching `ssip_pn_xmit()` requires only a local process able to transmit on the phonet interface (a packet/phonet socket capability), not full administrative control of the system; per the higher-severity rule this is scored as low rather than high privileges.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 the attacker queues transmit work and the teardown/reset path executes without any user having to open a file, mount, or interact.\nS:U - The use-after-free is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct ssi_protocol` is dereferenced for `ssi-\u003ecl` and its list heads after `kfree()`; by reclaiming the slab the attacker controls the pointers that are followed and dereferenced, yielding an arbitrary kernel memory read primitive.\nI:H - The post-free code writes into the freed object (`spin_lock_bh(\u0026ssi-\u003elock)`, `list_del()` unlink, `ssi-\u003etxid++`, `send_state`) and calls `mod_timer()` on `timer_list` structures inside reclaimed memory, so attacker-sprayed data supplies a timer function pointer and unlink write \u2014 a control-flow hijack / arbitrary write primitive.\nA:H - Even unexploited, the use-after-free reliably causes memory corruption, a `BUG_ON(list_empty(\u0026ssi-\u003ecmdqueue))` panic, or an oops on the freed list/timer state, crashing the kernel."
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      "title": "HSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-37838",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-18T14:20:55.389Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.952Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:47.833Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "cve": "CVE-2025-37838",
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      "product_status:known_not_affected": "3",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "HSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-37838.json",
      "version": "2"
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-37838\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-04-18T15:15:59.090\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T09:15:32.310\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nHSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition\\n\\nIn the ssi_protocol_probe() function, \u0026ssi-\u003ework is bound with\\nssip_xmit_work(), In ssip_pn_setup(), the ssip_pn_xmit() function\\nwithin the ssip_pn_ops structure is capable of starting the\\nwork.\\n\\nIf we remove the module which will call ssi_protocol_remove()\\nto make a cleanup, it will free ssi through kfree(ssi),\\nwhile the work mentioned above will be used. The sequence\\nof operations that may lead to a UAF bug is as follows:\\n\\nCPU0                                    CPU1\\n\\n                        | ssip_xmit_work\\nssi_protocol_remove     |\\nkfree(ssi);             |\\n                        | struct hsi_client *cl = ssi-\u003ecl;\\n                        | // use ssi\\n\\nFix it by ensuring that the work is canceled before proceeding\\nwith the cleanup in ssi_protocol_remove().\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: HSI: ssi_protocol: Se corrige la vulnerabilidad de use-after-free en el controlador ssi_protocol debido a la condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n en la funci\u00f3n ssi_protocol_probe(), \u0026amp;ssi-\u0026gt;work est\u00e1 enlazada con ssip_xmit_work(), En ssip_pn_setup(), la funci\u00f3n ssip_pn_xmit() dentro de la estructura ssip_pn_ops es capaz de iniciar el trabajo. Si eliminamos el m\u00f3dulo que llamar\u00e1 a ssi_protocol_remove() para hacer una limpieza, liberar\u00e1 ssi a trav\u00e9s de kfree(ssi), mientras que el trabajo mencionado anteriormente se utilizar\u00e1. La secuencia de operaciones que puede llevar a un error de UAF es la siguiente: CPU0 CPU1 | ssip_xmit_work ssi_protocol_remove | kfree(ssi); | | struct hsi_client *cl = ssi-\u0026gt;cl; | // use ssi Corr\u00edjalo asegur\u00e1ndose de que el trabajo se cancele antes de continuar con la limpieza en ssi_protocol_remove().\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/hsi/clients/ssi_protocol.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"d03abc1c2b21324550fa71e12d53e7d3498e0af6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"4a8c29beb8a02b5a0a9d77d608aa14b6f88a6b86\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"72972552d0d0bfeb2dec5daf343a19018db36ffa\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"d58493832e284f066e559b8da5ab20c15a2801d3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"58eb29dba712ab0f13af59ca2fe545f5ce360e78\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"ae5a6a0b425e8f76a9f0677e50796e494e89b088\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"834e602d0cc7c743bfce734fad4a46cefc0f9ab1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"4b4194c9a7a8f92db39e8e86c85f4fb12ebbec4f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\",\"lessThan\":\"e3f88665a78045fe35c7669d2926b8d97b892c11\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/hsi/clients/ssi_protocol.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.8\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.8\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.293\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.237\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.181\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.135\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.88\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.24\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.12\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2025-04-21T14:38:43.871416Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-37838\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"total\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.135\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"29C64220-D258-41B3-A931-B8C3456115E5\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.88\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6E5947E5-45E3-462A-829B-382B3B1C61BD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.24\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"1D35A8A8-F3EC-45E6-AD37-1F154B27529D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.13.12\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4A475784-BF3B-4514-81EE-49C8522FB24A\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.14\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.14.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"483E2E15-2135-4EC6-AB64-16282C5EF704\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a8c29beb8a02b5a0a9d77d608aa14b6f88a6b86\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b4194c9a7a8f92db39e8e86c85f4fb12ebbec4f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58eb29dba712ab0f13af59ca2fe545f5ce360e78\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72972552d0d0bfeb2dec5daf343a19018db36ffa\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/834e602d0cc7c743bfce734fad4a46cefc0f9ab1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae5a6a0b425e8f76a9f0677e50796e494e89b088\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d03abc1c2b21324550fa71e12d53e7d3498e0af6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d58493832e284f066e559b8da5ab20c15a2801d3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e3f88665a78045fe35c7669d2926b8d97b892c11\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:31:25+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37838",
      "id": "CVE-2025-37838",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-18T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: HSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-37838.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-31T01:15:36Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37838",
      "id": "CVE-2025-37838",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-24T09:46:56Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "348",
      "product_status:recommended": "53",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-37838",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-37838.json",
      "version": "13"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T19:56:09.541Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-37838\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-04-21T14:38:43.871416Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-416\", \"description\": \"CWE-416 Use After Free\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-04-21T14:38:45.655Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"HSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"AV:L - The vulnerable work item is armed only through the local phonet netdev transmit path (`ssip_pn_xmit()` via a local socket) and the free occurs on local driver teardown (unbind/module removal or interface down); no remote peer data reaches this code.\\nAC:L - The attacker directly controls the arming side of the race by continuously queuing TX packets so `ssip_xmit_work()` is pending/running, and can repeat the teardown trigger indefinitely until the window is hit, so success does not depend on conditions outside the attacker\u0027s influence.\\nPR:L - Reaching `ssip_pn_xmit()` requires only a local process able to transmit on the phonet interface (a packet/phonet socket capability), not full administrative control of the system; per the higher-severity rule this is scored as low rather than high privileges.\\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \\u2014 the attacker queues transmit work and the teardown/reset path executes without any user having to open a file, mount, or interact.\\nS:U - The use-after-free is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\\nC:H - The freed `struct ssi_protocol` is dereferenced for `ssi-\u003ecl` and its list heads after `kfree()`; by reclaiming the slab the attacker controls the pointers that are followed and dereferenced, yielding an arbitrary kernel memory read primitive.\\nI:H - The post-free code writes into the freed object (`spin_lock_bh(\u0026ssi-\u003elock)`, `list_del()` unlink, `ssi-\u003etxid++`, `send_state`) and calls `mod_timer()` on `timer_list` structures inside reclaimed memory, so attacker-sprayed data supplies a timer function pointer and unlink write \\u2014 a control-flow hijack / arbitrary write primitive.\\nA:H - Even unexploited, the use-after-free reliably causes memory corruption, a `BUG_ON(list_empty(\u0026ssi-\u003ecmdqueue))` panic, or an oops on the freed list/timer state, crashing the kernel.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"d03abc1c2b21324550fa71e12d53e7d3498e0af6\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"4a8c29beb8a02b5a0a9d77d608aa14b6f88a6b86\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"72972552d0d0bfeb2dec5daf343a19018db36ffa\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"d58493832e284f066e559b8da5ab20c15a2801d3\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"58eb29dba712ab0f13af59ca2fe545f5ce360e78\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"ae5a6a0b425e8f76a9f0677e50796e494e89b088\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"834e602d0cc7c743bfce734fad4a46cefc0f9ab1\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"4b4194c9a7a8f92db39e8e86c85f4fb12ebbec4f\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"df26d639e2f4628732a8da5a0f71e4e652ce809b\", \"lessThan\": \"e3f88665a78045fe35c7669d2926b8d97b892c11\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/hsi/clients/ssi_protocol.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.8\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.8\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.4.293\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.4.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.237\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.181\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.135\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.88\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.24\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.12\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14.3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.14.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.15\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/hsi/clients/ssi_protocol.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d03abc1c2b21324550fa71e12d53e7d3498e0af6\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a8c29beb8a02b5a0a9d77d608aa14b6f88a6b86\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72972552d0d0bfeb2dec5daf343a19018db36ffa\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d58493832e284f066e559b8da5ab20c15a2801d3\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58eb29dba712ab0f13af59ca2fe545f5ce360e78\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae5a6a0b425e8f76a9f0677e50796e494e89b088\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/834e602d0cc7c743bfce734fad4a46cefc0f9ab1\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b4194c9a7a8f92db39e8e86c85f4fb12ebbec4f\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e3f88665a78045fe35c7669d2926b8d97b892c11\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nHSI: ssi_protocol: Fix use after free vulnerability in ssi_protocol Driver Due to Race Condition\\n\\nIn the ssi_protocol_probe() function, \u0026ssi-\u003ework is bound with\\nssip_xmit_work(), In ssip_pn_setup(), the ssip_pn_xmit() function\\nwithin the ssip_pn_ops structure is capable of starting the\\nwork.\\n\\nIf we remove the module which will call ssi_protocol_remove()\\nto make a cleanup, it will free ssi through kfree(ssi),\\nwhile the work mentioned above will be used. The sequence\\nof operations that may lead to a UAF bug is as follows:\\n\\nCPU0                                    CPU1\\n\\n                        | ssip_xmit_work\\nssi_protocol_remove     |\\nkfree(ssi);             |\\n                        | struct hsi_client *cl = ssi-\u003ecl;\\n                        | // use ssi\\n\\nFix it by ensuring that the work is canceled before proceeding\\nwith the cleanup in ssi_protocol_remove().\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.4.293\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.237\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.181\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.135\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.88\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.24\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.12\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14.3\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.15\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.8\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:57:47.833Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-37838\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:57:47.833Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T04:51:23.952Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-04-18T14:20:55.389Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.