CVE-2025-40233 (GCVE-0-2025-40233)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents
The extent map cache can become stale when extents are moved or
defragmented, causing subsequent operations to see outdated extent flags.
This triggers a BUG_ON in ocfs2_refcount_cal_cow_clusters().
The problem occurs when:
1. copy_file_range() creates a reflinked extent with OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED
2. ioctl(FITRIM) triggers ocfs2_move_extents()
3. __ocfs2_move_extents_range() reads and caches the extent (flags=0x2)
4. ocfs2_move_extent()/ocfs2_defrag_extent() calls __ocfs2_move_extent()
which clears OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED flag on disk (flags=0x0)
5. The extent map cache is not invalidated after the move
6. Later write() operations read stale cached flags (0x2) but disk has
updated flags (0x0), causing a mismatch
7. BUG_ON(!(rec->e_flags & OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) triggers
Fix by clearing the extent map cache after each extent move/defrag
operation in __ocfs2_move_extents_range(). This ensures subsequent
operations read fresh extent data from disk.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < 93166bc53c0e3587058327a4121daea34b4fecd5
(git)
Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < a7ee72286efba1d407c6f15a0528e43593fb7007 (git) Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < 93b1ab422f1966b71561158e1aedce4ec100f357 (git) Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < e92af7737a94a729225d2a5d180eaaa77fe0bbc1 (git) Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < aa6a21409dd6221bb268b56bb410e031c632ff9a (git) Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < bb69928ed578f881e68d26aaf1a8f6e7faab3b44 (git) Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < a21750df2f6169af6e039a3bb4893d6c9564e48d (git) Affected: 53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c , < 78a63493f8e352296dbc7cb7b3f4973105e8679e (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.0 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.301 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.246 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.196 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.158 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.115 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.56 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.6 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
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"programFiles": [
"fs/ocfs2/move_extents.c"
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"version": "5.4.301",
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{
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},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.196",
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},
{
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"version": "6.1.158",
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{
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
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{
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"version": "6.17.6",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
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"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.301",
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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}
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],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents\n\nThe extent map cache can become stale when extents are moved or\ndefragmented, causing subsequent operations to see outdated extent flags. \nThis triggers a BUG_ON in ocfs2_refcount_cal_cow_clusters().\n\nThe problem occurs when:\n1. copy_file_range() creates a reflinked extent with OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED\n2. ioctl(FITRIM) triggers ocfs2_move_extents()\n3. __ocfs2_move_extents_range() reads and caches the extent (flags=0x2)\n4. ocfs2_move_extent()/ocfs2_defrag_extent() calls __ocfs2_move_extent()\n which clears OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED flag on disk (flags=0x0)\n5. The extent map cache is not invalidated after the move\n6. Later write() operations read stale cached flags (0x2) but disk has\n updated flags (0x0), causing a mismatch\n7. BUG_ON(!(rec-\u003ee_flags \u0026 OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) triggers\n\nFix by clearing the extent map cache after each extent move/defrag\noperation in __ocfs2_move_extents_range(). This ensures subsequent\noperations read fresh extent data from disk."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the OCFS2_IOC_MOVE_EXT ioctl and a subsequent write()/read() on a local file descriptor, requiring local system access. No remote protocol handler is involved.\nAC:L - The trigger is a deterministic, fully attacker-controlled sequence (copy_file_range \u2192 OCFS2_IOC_MOVE_EXT \u2192 write) with no race window, no memory-layout dependency, and no reliance on any condition outside the attacker\u0027s control; syzbot reproduced it reliably.\nPR:L - OCFS2_IOC_MOVE_EXT has no capability check whatsoever (unlike FITRIM in the same switch which requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN); any unprivileged local user holding a writable fd on a regular file of a mounted ocfs2 volume can drive the whole sequence.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step on its own file descriptor with no action by any other user; the ocfs2 mount is a pre-existing property of the deployment, not an action the attacker must induce.\nS:U - The corruption and crash are confined to the kernel and the filesystem\u0027s own on-disk data within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale extent-map entry retains the old physical cluster, which is freed to the global bitmap by the truncate-log flush at the end of the move, so later reads (O_DIRECT or buffered after cache eviction) resolve through the stale mapping and return the contents of clusters the allocator has since handed to other users\u0027 or root-owned files.\nI:H - The same stale cpos\u2192old_phys mapping is used for writes and writeback, so attacker-controlled data lands on physical clusters now owned by a different file, giving arbitrary on-disk corruption of files the attacker has no write permission to.\nA:H - BUG_ON(!(rec-\u003ee_flags \u0026 OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) at fs/ocfs2/refcounttree.c:2683 oopses the task while it holds inode_lock, ip_alloc_sem and the ocfs2 DLM inode lock, permanently wedging the filesystem and blocking other cluster nodes; with panic_on_oops it is a full system panic."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:43.055Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
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"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93166bc53c0e3587058327a4121daea34b4fecd5"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7ee72286efba1d407c6f15a0528e43593fb7007"
},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a21750df2f6169af6e039a3bb4893d6c9564e48d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78a63493f8e352296dbc7cb7b3f4973105e8679e"
}
],
"title": "ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents",
"x_generator": {
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"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40233",
"datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:23.891Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.180Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:43.055Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-40233",
"date": "2026-09-16",
"epss": "0.00155",
"percentile": "0.05"
},
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The extent map cache is not invalidated after the move\\n6. Later write() operations read stale cached flags (0x2) but disk has\\n updated flags (0x0), causing a mismatch\\n7. BUG_ON(!(rec-\u003ee_flags \u0026 OCFS2_EXT_REFCOUNTED)) triggers\\n\\nFix by clearing the extent map cache after each extent move/defrag\\noperation in __ocfs2_move_extents_range(). This ensures subsequent\\noperations read fresh extent data from disk.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ocfs2/move_extents.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"93166bc53c0e3587058327a4121daea34b4fecd5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"a7ee72286efba1d407c6f15a0528e43593fb7007\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"93b1ab422f1966b71561158e1aedce4ec100f357\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"e92af7737a94a729225d2a5d180eaaa77fe0bbc1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"aa6a21409dd6221bb268b56bb410e031c632ff9a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"bb69928ed578f881e68d26aaf1a8f6e7faab3b44\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"a21750df2f6169af6e039a3bb4893d6c9564e48d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"53069d4e76954e2e63c1b3c501051c6fbcf7298c\",\"lessThan\":\"78a63493f8e352296dbc7cb7b3f4973105e8679e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ocfs2/move_extents.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.0\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.301\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.246\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.196\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.158\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.115\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.56\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78a63493f8e352296dbc7cb7b3f4973105e8679e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93166bc53c0e3587058327a4121daea34b4fecd5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93b1ab422f1966b71561158e1aedce4ec100f357\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a21750df2f6169af6e039a3bb4893d6c9564e48d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7ee72286efba1d407c6f15a0528e43593fb7007\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa6a21409dd6221bb268b56bb410e031c632ff9a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb69928ed578f881e68d26aaf1a8f6e7faab3b44\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e92af7737a94a729225d2a5d180eaaa77fe0bbc1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "None",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:20:22+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40233",
"id": "CVE-2025-40233",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-04T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40233.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-31T00:17:37Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40233",
"id": "CVE-2025-40233",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-05T00:25:52Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "594",
"product_status:recommended": "621",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-40233",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-40233.json",
"version": "48"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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