CVE-2025-40251 (GCVE-0-2025-40251)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 16:08 – Updated: 2026-06-11 18:44
VLAI
Title
devlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: devlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy The function devl_rate_nodes_destroy is documented to "Unset parent for all rate objects". However, it was only calling the driver-specific `rate_leaf_parent_set` or `rate_node_parent_set` ops and decrementing the parent's refcount, without actually setting the `devlink_rate->parent` pointer to NULL. This leaves a dangling pointer in the `devlink_rate` struct, which cause refcount error in netdevsim[1] and mlx5[2]. In addition, this is inconsistent with the behavior of `devlink_nl_rate_parent_node_set`, where the parent pointer is correctly cleared. This patch fixes the issue by explicitly setting `devlink_rate->parent` to NULL after notifying the driver, thus fulfilling the function's documented behavior for all rate objects. [1] repro steps: echo 1 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device devlink dev eswitch set netdevsim/netdevsim1 mode switchdev echo 1 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim1/sriov_numvfs devlink port function rate add netdevsim/netdevsim1/test_node devlink port function rate set netdevsim/netdevsim1/128 parent test_node echo 1 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device dmesg: refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 1530 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0 CPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 1530 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.18.0-rc4+ #1 NONE Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0 Call Trace: <TASK> devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90 __nsim_dev_port_del+0x6c/0x70 [netdevsim] nsim_dev_reload_destroy+0x11c/0x140 [netdevsim] nsim_drv_remove+0x2b/0xb0 [netdevsim] device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0 bus_remove_device+0xc6/0x130 device_del+0x159/0x3c0 device_unregister+0x1a/0x60 del_device_store+0x111/0x170 [netdevsim] kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0 vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0 ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x55/0x10f0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 [2] devlink dev eswitch set pci/0000:08:00.0 mode switchdev devlink port add pci/0000:08:00.0 flavour pcisf pfnum 0 sfnum 1000 devlink port function rate add pci/0000:08:00.0/group1 devlink port function rate set pci/0000:08:00.0/32768 parent group1 modprobe -r mlx5_ib mlx5_fwctl mlx5_core dmesg: refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 16151 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0 CPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 16151 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.17.0-rc7_for_upstream_min_debug_2025_10_02_12_44 #1 NONE Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0 Call Trace: <TASK> devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90 mlx5_esw_offloads_devlink_port_unregister+0x33/0x60 [mlx5_core] mlx5_esw_offloads_unload_rep+0x3f/0x50 [mlx5_core] mlx5_eswitch_unload_sf_vport+0x40/0x90 [mlx5_core] mlx5_sf_esw_event+0xc4/0x120 [mlx5_core] notifier_call_chain+0x33/0xa0 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x3b/0x50 mlx5_eswitch_disable_locked+0x50/0x110 [mlx5_core] mlx5_eswitch_disable+0x63/0x90 [mlx5_core] mlx5_unload+0x1d/0x170 [mlx5_core] mlx5_uninit_one+0xa2/0x130 [mlx5_core] remove_one+0x78/0xd0 [mlx5_core] pci_device_remove+0x39/0xa0 device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0 unbind_store+0x99/0xa0 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0 vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0 ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x53/0x1f0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be , < 90e51e20bcec9bff5b2421ce1bd95704764655f5 (git)
Affected: d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be , < 715d9cda646a8a38ea8b2bb5afb679a7464055e2 (git)
Affected: d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be , < c70df6c17d389cc743f0eb30160e2d6bc6910db8 (git)
Affected: d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be , < 542f45486f1ce2d2dde75bd85aca0389ef7046c3 (git)
Affected: d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be , < f94c1a114ac209977bdf5ca841b98424295ab1f0 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.14
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.14 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.164 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.118 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.60 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.10 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P Affected: 0 , < V4.0 (custom)
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndevlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy\n\nThe function devl_rate_nodes_destroy is documented to \"Unset parent for\nall rate objects\". However, it was only calling the driver-specific\n`rate_leaf_parent_set` or `rate_node_parent_set` ops and decrementing\nthe parent\u0027s refcount, without actually setting the\n`devlink_rate-\u003eparent` pointer to NULL.\n\nThis leaves a dangling pointer in the `devlink_rate` struct, which cause\nrefcount error in netdevsim[1] and mlx5[2]. In addition, this is\ninconsistent with the behavior of `devlink_nl_rate_parent_node_set`,\nwhere the parent pointer is correctly cleared.\n\nThis patch fixes the issue by explicitly setting `devlink_rate-\u003eparent`\nto NULL after notifying the driver, thus fulfilling the function\u0027s\ndocumented behavior for all rate objects.\n\n[1]\nrepro steps:\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device\ndevlink dev eswitch set netdevsim/netdevsim1 mode switchdev\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim1/sriov_numvfs\ndevlink port function rate add netdevsim/netdevsim1/test_node\ndevlink port function rate set netdevsim/netdevsim1/128 parent test_node\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device\n\ndmesg:\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\nWARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 1530 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\nCPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 1530 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.18.0-rc4+ #1 NONE\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90\n __nsim_dev_port_del+0x6c/0x70 [netdevsim]\n nsim_dev_reload_destroy+0x11c/0x140 [netdevsim]\n nsim_drv_remove+0x2b/0xb0 [netdevsim]\n device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0\n bus_remove_device+0xc6/0x130\n device_del+0x159/0x3c0\n device_unregister+0x1a/0x60\n del_device_store+0x111/0x170 [netdevsim]\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0\n vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0\n ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0\n do_syscall_64+0x55/0x10f0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n\n[2]\ndevlink dev eswitch set pci/0000:08:00.0 mode switchdev\ndevlink port add pci/0000:08:00.0 flavour pcisf pfnum 0 sfnum 1000\ndevlink port function rate add pci/0000:08:00.0/group1\ndevlink port function rate set pci/0000:08:00.0/32768 parent group1\nmodprobe -r mlx5_ib mlx5_fwctl mlx5_core\n\ndmesg:\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\nWARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 16151 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\nCPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 16151 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.17.0-rc7_for_upstream_min_debug_2025_10_02_12_44 #1 NONE\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90\n mlx5_esw_offloads_devlink_port_unregister+0x33/0x60 [mlx5_core]\n mlx5_esw_offloads_unload_rep+0x3f/0x50 [mlx5_core]\n mlx5_eswitch_unload_sf_vport+0x40/0x90 [mlx5_core]\n mlx5_sf_esw_event+0xc4/0x120 [mlx5_core]\n notifier_call_chain+0x33/0xa0\n blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x3b/0x50\n mlx5_eswitch_disable_locked+0x50/0x110 [mlx5_core]\n mlx5_eswitch_disable+0x63/0x90 [mlx5_core]\n mlx5_unload+0x1d/0x170 [mlx5_core]\n mlx5_uninit_one+0xa2/0x130 [mlx5_core]\n remove_one+0x78/0xd0 [mlx5_core]\n pci_device_remove+0x39/0xa0\n device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0\n unbind_store+0x99/0xa0\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0\n vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0\n ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0\n do_syscall_64+0x53/0x1f0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53"
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      "references": [
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40251",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-04T16:08:13.710Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:10.307Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40251",
      "date": "2026-07-27",
      "epss": "0.0013",
      "percentile": "0.03015"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-03-31T15:16:43.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40251",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40251",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "5",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "devlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40251.json",
      "version": "7"
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40251\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-12-04T16:16:18.663\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T09:21:31.917\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ndevlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy\\n\\nThe function devl_rate_nodes_destroy is documented to \\\"Unset parent for\\nall rate objects\\\". However, it was only calling the driver-specific\\n`rate_leaf_parent_set` or `rate_node_parent_set` ops and decrementing\\nthe parent\u0027s refcount, without actually setting the\\n`devlink_rate-\u003eparent` pointer to NULL.\\n\\nThis leaves a dangling pointer in the `devlink_rate` struct, which cause\\nrefcount error in netdevsim[1] and mlx5[2]. In addition, this is\\ninconsistent with the behavior of `devlink_nl_rate_parent_node_set`,\\nwhere the parent pointer is correctly cleared.\\n\\nThis patch fixes the issue by explicitly setting `devlink_rate-\u003eparent`\\nto NULL after notifying the driver, thus fulfilling the function\u0027s\\ndocumented behavior for all rate objects.\\n\\n[1]\\nrepro steps:\\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device\\ndevlink dev eswitch set netdevsim/netdevsim1 mode switchdev\\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim1/sriov_numvfs\\ndevlink port function rate add netdevsim/netdevsim1/test_node\\ndevlink port function rate set netdevsim/netdevsim1/128 parent test_node\\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device\\n\\ndmesg:\\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\\nWARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 1530 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 1530 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.18.0-rc4+ #1 NONE\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90\\n __nsim_dev_port_del+0x6c/0x70 [netdevsim]\\n nsim_dev_reload_destroy+0x11c/0x140 [netdevsim]\\n nsim_drv_remove+0x2b/0xb0 [netdevsim]\\n device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0\\n bus_remove_device+0xc6/0x130\\n device_del+0x159/0x3c0\\n device_unregister+0x1a/0x60\\n del_device_store+0x111/0x170 [netdevsim]\\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0\\n vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0\\n ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0\\n do_syscall_64+0x55/0x10f0\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\\n\\n[2]\\ndevlink dev eswitch set pci/0000:08:00.0 mode switchdev\\ndevlink port add pci/0000:08:00.0 flavour pcisf pfnum 0 sfnum 1000\\ndevlink port function rate add pci/0000:08:00.0/group1\\ndevlink port function rate set pci/0000:08:00.0/32768 parent group1\\nmodprobe -r mlx5_ib mlx5_fwctl mlx5_core\\n\\ndmesg:\\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\\nWARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 16151 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 16151 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.17.0-rc7_for_upstream_min_debug_2025_10_02_12_44 #1 NONE\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90\\n mlx5_esw_offloads_devlink_port_unregister+0x33/0x60 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_esw_offloads_unload_rep+0x3f/0x50 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_eswitch_unload_sf_vport+0x40/0x90 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_sf_esw_event+0xc4/0x120 [mlx5_core]\\n notifier_call_chain+0x33/0xa0\\n blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x3b/0x50\\n mlx5_eswitch_disable_locked+0x50/0x110 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_eswitch_disable+0x63/0x90 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_unload+0x1d/0x170 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_uninit_one+0xa2/0x130 [mlx5_core]\\n remove_one+0x78/0xd0 [mlx5_core]\\n pci_device_remove+0x39/0xa0\\n device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0\\n unbind_store+0x99/0xa0\\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0\\n vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0\\n ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0\\n do_syscall_64+0x53/0x1f0\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/devlink/rate.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\",\"lessThan\":\"90e51e20bcec9bff5b2421ce1bd95704764655f5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\",\"lessThan\":\"715d9cda646a8a38ea8b2bb5afb679a7464055e2\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\",\"lessThan\":\"c70df6c17d389cc743f0eb30160e2d6bc6910db8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\",\"lessThan\":\"542f45486f1ce2d2dde75bd85aca0389ef7046c3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\",\"lessThan\":\"f94c1a114ac209977bdf5ca841b98424295ab1f0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/devlink/rate.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.14\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.14\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.164\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.118\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.60\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"RUGGEDCOM RST2428P\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"V4.0\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-10T20:41:14.789338Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40251\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-476\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.14\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.164\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"55545ED0-9201-4A7C-BFBC-35AC96FC9FEF\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.118\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4391A667-3800-46E2-85F1-05D3343C6133\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.60\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"959A7F68-3804-4797-BE3E-A69E525AD284\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.17.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"51C8475C-4E3F-464D-AE0C-4D52A8C3240E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.18:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DD01661D-DFC8-4B6D-80E7-46D203CC4565\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.18:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A8A65C5A-918F-4E0B-8E98-08A29FFBA58A\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.18:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"26CA425A-E44F-49D2-92D9-1DDD56398440\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.18:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"BEEBB43A-4C9F-46BE-AA6D-9DBFD2244E55\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.18:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2545FB83-C4A6-4F62-9ED1-09F75D2E3C78\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.18:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E955EC5D-4684-4B5D-AE4D-F2BF9ADDBA1D\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/542f45486f1ce2d2dde75bd85aca0389ef7046c3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/715d9cda646a8a38ea8b2bb5afb679a7464055e2\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90e51e20bcec9bff5b2421ce1bd95704764655f5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c70df6c17d389cc743f0eb30160e2d6bc6910db8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f94c1a114ac209977bdf5ca841b98424295ab1f0\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T02:08:53+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40251",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40251",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "1868",
      "product_status:known_affected": "22",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: devlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40251.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-25T00:33:04Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40251",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40251",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-05T00:25:29Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "602",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "154",
      "product_status:recommended": "390",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-40251",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-40251.json",
      "version": "41"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"RUGGEDCOM RST2428P\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"V4.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}], \"x_adpType\": \"supplier\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\", \"shortName\": \"siemens-SADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-02T13:00:01.139Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-40251\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-10T20:41:14.789338Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-11T17:38:09.480Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"devlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\", \"lessThan\": \"90e51e20bcec9bff5b2421ce1bd95704764655f5\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\", \"lessThan\": \"715d9cda646a8a38ea8b2bb5afb679a7464055e2\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\", \"lessThan\": \"c70df6c17d389cc743f0eb30160e2d6bc6910db8\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\", \"lessThan\": \"542f45486f1ce2d2dde75bd85aca0389ef7046c3\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"d7555984507822458b32a6405881038241d140be\", \"lessThan\": \"f94c1a114ac209977bdf5ca841b98424295ab1f0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/devlink/rate.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.14\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.14\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.164\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.118\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.60\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.17.10\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.17.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.18\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/devlink/rate.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90e51e20bcec9bff5b2421ce1bd95704764655f5\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/715d9cda646a8a38ea8b2bb5afb679a7464055e2\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c70df6c17d389cc743f0eb30160e2d6bc6910db8\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/542f45486f1ce2d2dde75bd85aca0389ef7046c3\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f94c1a114ac209977bdf5ca841b98424295ab1f0\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ndevlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy\\n\\nThe function devl_rate_nodes_destroy is documented to \\\"Unset parent for\\nall rate objects\\\". However, it was only calling the driver-specific\\n`rate_leaf_parent_set` or `rate_node_parent_set` ops and decrementing\\nthe parent\u0027s refcount, without actually setting the\\n`devlink_rate-\u003eparent` pointer to NULL.\\n\\nThis leaves a dangling pointer in the `devlink_rate` struct, which cause\\nrefcount error in netdevsim[1] and mlx5[2]. In addition, this is\\ninconsistent with the behavior of `devlink_nl_rate_parent_node_set`,\\nwhere the parent pointer is correctly cleared.\\n\\nThis patch fixes the issue by explicitly setting `devlink_rate-\u003eparent`\\nto NULL after notifying the driver, thus fulfilling the function\u0027s\\ndocumented behavior for all rate objects.\\n\\n[1]\\nrepro steps:\\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device\\ndevlink dev eswitch set netdevsim/netdevsim1 mode switchdev\\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim1/sriov_numvfs\\ndevlink port function rate add netdevsim/netdevsim1/test_node\\ndevlink port function rate set netdevsim/netdevsim1/128 parent test_node\\necho 1 \u003e /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device\\n\\ndmesg:\\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\\nWARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 1530 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 1530 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.18.0-rc4+ #1 NONE\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90\\n __nsim_dev_port_del+0x6c/0x70 [netdevsim]\\n nsim_dev_reload_destroy+0x11c/0x140 [netdevsim]\\n nsim_drv_remove+0x2b/0xb0 [netdevsim]\\n device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0\\n bus_remove_device+0xc6/0x130\\n device_del+0x159/0x3c0\\n device_unregister+0x1a/0x60\\n del_device_store+0x111/0x170 [netdevsim]\\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0\\n vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0\\n ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0\\n do_syscall_64+0x55/0x10f0\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\\n\\n[2]\\ndevlink dev eswitch set pci/0000:08:00.0 mode switchdev\\ndevlink port add pci/0000:08:00.0 flavour pcisf pfnum 0 sfnum 1000\\ndevlink port function rate add pci/0000:08:00.0/group1\\ndevlink port function rate set pci/0000:08:00.0/32768 parent group1\\nmodprobe -r mlx5_ib mlx5_fwctl mlx5_core\\n\\ndmesg:\\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\\nWARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 16151 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 16151 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.17.0-rc7_for_upstream_min_debug_2025_10_02_12_44 #1 NONE\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90\\n mlx5_esw_offloads_devlink_port_unregister+0x33/0x60 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_esw_offloads_unload_rep+0x3f/0x50 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_eswitch_unload_sf_vport+0x40/0x90 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_sf_esw_event+0xc4/0x120 [mlx5_core]\\n notifier_call_chain+0x33/0xa0\\n blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x3b/0x50\\n mlx5_eswitch_disable_locked+0x50/0x110 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_eswitch_disable+0x63/0x90 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_unload+0x1d/0x170 [mlx5_core]\\n mlx5_uninit_one+0xa2/0x130 [mlx5_core]\\n remove_one+0x78/0xd0 [mlx5_core]\\n pci_device_remove+0x39/0xa0\\n device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0\\n unbind_store+0x99/0xa0\\n kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0\\n vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0\\n ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0\\n do_syscall_64+0x53/0x1f0\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.164\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.14\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.118\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.14\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.60\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.14\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.17.10\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.14\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.18\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.14\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T21:45:43.019Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-40251\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-11T18:44:10.307Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-12-04T16:08:13.710Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.