CVE-2025-52478 (GCVE-0-2025-52478)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 16:32 – Updated: 2025-08-19 19:18
VLAI?
Summary
n8n is a workflow automation platform. From 1.77.0 to before 1.98.2, a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability was identified in n8n, specifically in the Form Trigger node's HTML form element. An authenticated attacker can inject malicious HTML via an <iframe> with a srcdoc payload that includes arbitrary JavaScript execution. The attacker can also inject malicious Javascript by using <video> coupled <source> using an onerror event. While using iframe or a combination of video and source tag, this vulnerability allows for Account Takeover (ATO) by exfiltrating n8n-browserId and session cookies from authenticated users who visit a maliciously crafted form. Using these tokens and cookies, an attacker can impersonate the victim and change account details such as email addresses, enabling full control over the account—especially if 2FA is not enabled. Users should upgrade to version >= 1.98.2.
Severity ?
8.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: >= 1.77.0, < 1.98.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-52478",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-19T19:18:07.533179Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T19:18:13.300Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n8n",
          "vendor": "n8n-io",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.77.0, \u003c 1.98.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "n8n is a workflow automation platform. From 1.77.0 to before 1.98.2, a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability was identified in n8n, specifically in the Form Trigger node\u0027s HTML form element. An authenticated attacker can inject malicious HTML via an \u003ciframe\u003e with a srcdoc payload that includes arbitrary JavaScript execution. The attacker can also inject malicious Javascript by using \u003cvideo\u003e coupled \u003csource\u003e using an onerror event. While using iframe or a combination of video and source tag, this vulnerability allows for Account Takeover (ATO) by exfiltrating n8n-browserId and session cookies from authenticated users who visit a maliciously crafted form. Using these tokens and cookies, an attacker can impersonate the victim and change account details such as email addresses, enabling full control over the account\u2014especially if 2FA is not enabled. Users should upgrade to version \u003e= 1.98.2."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 8.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T16:32:34.949Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hfmv-hhh3-43f2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hfmv-hhh3-43f2"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16329",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16329"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/7940384a85041a1890b1203d69c092c887312500",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/7940384a85041a1890b1203d69c092c887312500"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-hfmv-hhh3-43f2",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Stored XSS in n8n Form Trigger allows Account Takeover via injected iframe and video/source"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-52478",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-19T16:32:34.949Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-06-17T02:28:39.717Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-19T19:18:13.300Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-52478\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2025-08-19T17:15:40.617\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-09-03T15:12:04.553\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"n8n is a workflow automation platform. From 1.77.0 to before 1.98.2, a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability was identified in n8n, specifically in the Form Trigger node\u0027s HTML form element. An authenticated attacker can inject malicious HTML via an \u003ciframe\u003e with a srcdoc payload that includes arbitrary JavaScript execution. The attacker can also inject malicious Javascript by using \u003cvideo\u003e coupled \u003csource\u003e using an onerror event. While using iframe or a combination of video and source tag, this vulnerability allows for Account Takeover (ATO) by exfiltrating n8n-browserId and session cookies from authenticated users who visit a maliciously crafted form. Using these tokens and cookies, an attacker can impersonate the victim and change account details such as email addresses, enabling full control over the account\u2014especially if 2FA is not enabled. Users should upgrade to version \u003e= 1.98.2.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"n8n es una plataforma de automatizaci\u00f3n de flujos de trabajo. Desde la versi\u00f3n 1.77.0 hasta la 1.98.2, se identific\u00f3 una vulnerabilidad de cross site scripting (XSS) almacenado en n8n, espec\u00edficamente en el elemento HTML del formulario del nodo Form Trigger. Un atacante autenticado puede inyectar HTML malicioso mediante un  con un payload srcdoc que incluye la ejecuci\u00f3n arbitraria de JavaScript. El atacante tambi\u00e9n puede inyectar JavaScript malicioso mediante el uso de \u0026lt;video\u0026gt; acoplado a \u0026lt;source\u0026gt; mediante un evento onerror. Al usar un iframe o una combinaci\u00f3n de video y etiqueta source, esta vulnerabilidad permite la apropiaci\u00f3n de cuentas (ATO) mediante la exfiltraci\u00f3n de n8n-browserId y cookies de sesi\u00f3n de usuarios autenticados que visitan un formulario manipulado con fines maliciosos. Con estos tokens y cookies, un atacante puede suplantar la identidad de la v\u00edctima y cambiar los detalles de la cuenta, como las direcciones de correo electr\u00f3nico, lo que le otorga control total sobre la cuenta, especialmente si la autenticaci\u00f3n de dos factores (A2F) no est\u00e1 habilitada. Los usuarios deben actualizar a la versi\u00f3n 1.98.2 o superior.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N\",\"baseScore\":8.7,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.3,\"impactScore\":5.8},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N\",\"baseScore\":5.4,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"integrityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.3,\"impactScore\":2.7}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-79\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.77.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"1.98.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C4E1EAFB-DD70-46E0-9839-166B024D4792\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/7940384a85041a1890b1203d69c092c887312500\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16329\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hfmv-hhh3-43f2\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-52478\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-08-19T19:18:07.533179Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-08-19T19:18:10.517Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Stored XSS in n8n Form Trigger allows Account Takeover via injected iframe and video/source\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-hfmv-hhh3-43f2\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"CHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 8.7, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"REQUIRED\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"n8n-io\", \"product\": \"n8n\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003e= 1.77.0, \u003c 1.98.2\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hfmv-hhh3-43f2\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hfmv-hhh3-43f2\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16329\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16329\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/7940384a85041a1890b1203d69c092c887312500\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/7940384a85041a1890b1203d69c092c887312500\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"n8n is a workflow automation platform. From 1.77.0 to before 1.98.2, a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability was identified in n8n, specifically in the Form Trigger node\u0027s HTML form element. An authenticated attacker can inject malicious HTML via an \u003ciframe\u003e with a srcdoc payload that includes arbitrary JavaScript execution. The attacker can also inject malicious Javascript by using \u003cvideo\u003e coupled \u003csource\u003e using an onerror event. While using iframe or a combination of video and source tag, this vulnerability allows for Account Takeover (ATO) by exfiltrating n8n-browserId and session cookies from authenticated users who visit a maliciously crafted form. Using these tokens and cookies, an attacker can impersonate the victim and change account details such as email addresses, enabling full control over the account\\u2014especially if 2FA is not enabled. Users should upgrade to version \u003e= 1.98.2.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-79\", \"description\": \"CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-08-19T16:32:34.949Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-52478\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-08-19T19:18:13.300Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-06-17T02:28:39.717Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-08-19T16:32:34.949Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.