CVE-2025-58446 (GCVE-0-2025-58446)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-06 19:06 – Updated: 2025-09-08 17:55
VLAI?
Summary
xgrammar is an open-source library for efficient, flexible, and portable structured generation. A grammar optimizer introduced in 0.1.23 processes large grammars (>100k characters) at very low rates, and can be used for DOS of model providers. This issue is fixed in version 0.1.24.
Severity ?
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mlc-ai xgrammar Affected: = 0.1.23, < 0.1.24
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-58446",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-08T17:53:36.884881Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-09-08T17:55:13.537Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "xgrammar",
          "vendor": "mlc-ai",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "= 0.1.23, \u003c  0.1.24"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "xgrammar is an open-source library for efficient, flexible, and portable structured generation. A grammar optimizer introduced in 0.1.23 processes large grammars (\u003e100k characters) at very low rates, and can be used for DOS of model providers. This issue is fixed in version 0.1.24."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-770",
              "description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-06T19:06:10.141Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/security/advisories/GHSA-9q5r-wfvf-rr7f",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/security/advisories/GHSA-9q5r-wfvf-rr7f"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/commit/ced69c3ad2f8f61b516cc278a342e7c644383e27",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/commit/ced69c3ad2f8f61b516cc278a342e7c644383e27"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9q5r-wfvf-rr7f",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "xgrammar vulnerable to denial of service by huge enum grammar"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-58446",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-06T19:06:10.141Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-01T20:03:06.533Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-09-08T17:55:13.537Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-58446\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2025-09-06T19:15:38.733\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-09-18T15:57:02.380\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"xgrammar is an open-source library for efficient, flexible, and portable structured generation. A grammar optimizer introduced in 0.1.23 processes large grammars (\u003e100k characters) at very low rates, and can be used for DOS of model providers. This issue is fixed in version 0.1.24.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":6.9,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-770\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:mlc-ai:xgrammar:0.1.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0F9934AC-C515-4013-8BA9-28088A2BD4A8\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/commit/ced69c3ad2f8f61b516cc278a342e7c644383e27\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/security/advisories/GHSA-9q5r-wfvf-rr7f\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-58446\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-09-08T17:53:36.884881Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-08T17:55:08.296Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"xgrammar vulnerable to denial of service by huge enum grammar\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-9q5r-wfvf-rr7f\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 6.9, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"mlc-ai\", \"product\": \"xgrammar\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"= 0.1.23, \u003c  0.1.24\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/security/advisories/GHSA-9q5r-wfvf-rr7f\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/security/advisories/GHSA-9q5r-wfvf-rr7f\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/commit/ced69c3ad2f8f61b516cc278a342e7c644383e27\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/mlc-ai/xgrammar/commit/ced69c3ad2f8f61b516cc278a342e7c644383e27\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"xgrammar is an open-source library for efficient, flexible, and portable structured generation. A grammar optimizer introduced in 0.1.23 processes large grammars (\u003e100k characters) at very low rates, and can be used for DOS of model providers. This issue is fixed in version 0.1.24.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-770\", \"description\": \"CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-06T19:06:10.141Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-58446\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-08T17:55:13.537Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-09-01T20:03:06.533Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-09-06T19:06:10.141Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.