Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-41570 (GCVE-0-2026-41570)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 14:33 – Updated: 2026-05-08 16:01

Title

PHPUnit: Argument injection via newline in PHP INI values forwarded to child processes

Summary

PHPUnit is a testing framework for PHP. In versions 12.5.21 and 13.1.5, PHPUnit forwards PHP INI settings to child processes (used for isolated/PHPT test execution) as -d name=value command-line arguments without neutralizing INI metacharacters. Because PHP's INI parser interprets " as a string delimiter, ; as the start of a comment, and most importantly a newline as a directive separator, a value containing a newline is parsed by the child process as multiple INI directives. An attacker able to influence a single INI value can therefore inject arbitrary additional directives into the child's configuration, including auto_prepend_file, extension, disable_functions, open_basedir, and others. Setting auto_prepend_file to an attacker-controlled path yields remote code execution in the child process. This issue has been patched in versions 12.5.22 and 13.1.6.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-08 16:01 UTC

CWE

CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/secu…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
sebastianbergmann	phpunit	Affected: = 12.5.21 Affected: = 13.1.5	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-41570

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-08 15:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:46

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592	Issue Tracking, Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/security/advisories/GHSA-qrr6-mg7r-m243	Mitigation, Patch, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592	Issue Tracking, Patch

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	phpunit_project	phpunit	12.5.21
	phpunit_project	phpunit	13.1.5

JSON

To clipboard

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}

GHSA-QRR6-MG7R-M243

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-18 00:59 – Updated: 2026-05-12 13:33

Summary

PHPUnit has Argument injection via newline in PHP INI values that are forwarded to child processes

Details

Impact

PHPUnit forwards PHP INI settings to child processes (used for isolated/PHPT test execution) as -d name=value command-line arguments without neutralizing INI metacharacters. Because PHP's INI parser interprets " as a string delimiter, ; as the start of a comment, and most importantly a newline as a directive separator, a value containing a newline is parsed by the child process as multiple INI directives.

An attacker able to influence a single INI value can therefore inject arbitrary additional directives into the child's configuration, including auto_prepend_file, extension, disable_functions, open_basedir, and others. Setting auto_prepend_file to an attacker-controlled path yields remote code execution in the child process.

Sources of INI values that participate in the attack:

<ini name="…" value="…"/> entries in phpunit.xml / phpunit.xml.dist
INI settings inherited from the host PHP runtime via ini_get_all()

Threat Model

Exploitation requires the attacker to control the content of an INI value read by PHPUnit. In practice this means write access to the project's phpunit.xml, the host php.ini, or the PHP binary's environment. The most realistic exposure is Poisoned Pipeline Execution (PPE): a pull request from an untrusted contributor that modifies phpunit.xml to include a newline-containing INI value, executed by a CI system that runs PHPUnit against the PR without isolation. A malicious newline is not visibly distinguishable from a legitimate value in a typical diff review.

Affected component

PHPUnit\Util\PHP\JobRunner::settingsToParameters().

Patches

The fix has two parts:

1. Reject line-break characters

Because a newline or carriage return in an INI value has no legitimate use and is the primitive that enables directive injection, any PHP setting value containing \n or \r is now rejected with an explicit PhpProcessException. This follows the same "visibility over silence" principle applied in CVE-2026-24765: the anomalous state fails loudly in CI output rather than being silently sanitized, giving operators an opportunity to investigate whether it reflects tampering, environment contamination, or an unexpected upstream change.

2. Quote remaining metacharacters

Values containing " or ;, both of which have legitimate uses (e.g., regex-valued INI settings such as ddtrace's datadog.appsec.obfuscation_parameter_value_regexp), are wrapped in double quotes with inner " escaped as \", so PHP's INI parser reads them as literal string contents rather than comment/delimiter tokens. Plain values are forwarded unchanged so that boolean keywords (On/Off) and bitwise expressions (E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE) retain their INI semantics.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible:

Audit INI values: Ensure no <ini value="…"> entry in phpunit.xml / phpunit.xml.dist contains newline, ", or ; characters, and that nothing writes such values into configuration at build time.
Isolate CI execution of untrusted code: Run PHPUnit against pull requests only in ephemeral, containerized runners that discard filesystem state between jobs; require human review before executing PRs from forks; enforce branch protection on workflows that handle secrets (pull_request_target and similar). These mitigations apply to the broader PPE risk class and are effective against this vulnerability as well.
Restrict who can modify phpunit.xml: Treat phpunit.xml as security-sensitive in code review, particularly <ini> entries.
Sanitize host INI: Ensure the host PHP's php.ini does not contain values with embedded newlines or unescaped metacharacters.

References

Fix: https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592
Related advisory (same threat class, Poisoned Pipeline Execution): GHSA-vvj3-c3rp-c85p / CVE-2026-24765
OWASP CI/CD Top 10: CICD-SEC-04 Poisoned Pipeline Execution
CWE-88: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/88.html
CWE-93: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "phpunit/phpunit"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "12.5.21"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "12.5.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "12.5.21"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "phpunit/phpunit"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "13.1.5"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.1.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "13.1.5"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41570"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88",
      "CWE-93"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-18T00:59:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T15:16:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nPHPUnit forwards PHP INI settings to child processes (used for isolated/PHPT test execution) as `-d name=value` command-line arguments without neutralizing INI metacharacters. Because PHP\u0027s INI parser interprets `\"` as a string delimiter, `;` as the start of a comment, and most importantly a newline as a directive separator, a value containing a newline is parsed by the child process as multiple INI directives.\n\nAn attacker able to influence a single INI value can therefore inject arbitrary additional directives into the child\u0027s configuration, including `auto_prepend_file`, `extension`, `disable_functions`, `open_basedir`, and others. Setting `auto_prepend_file` to an attacker-controlled path yields remote code execution in the child process.\n\nSources of INI values that participate in the attack:\n\n- `\u003cini name=\"\u2026\" value=\"\u2026\"/\u003e` entries in `phpunit.xml` / `phpunit.xml.dist`\n- INI settings inherited from the host PHP runtime via `ini_get_all()`\n\n### Threat Model\n\nExploitation requires the attacker to control the content of an INI value read by PHPUnit. In practice this means write access to the project\u0027s `phpunit.xml`, the host `php.ini`, or the PHP binary\u0027s environment. The most realistic exposure is [Poisoned Pipeline Execution](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-10-ci-cd-security-risks/CICD-SEC-04-Poisoned-Pipeline-Execution) (PPE): a pull request from an untrusted contributor that modifies `phpunit.xml` to include a newline-containing INI value, executed by a CI system that runs PHPUnit against the PR without isolation. A malicious newline is not visibly distinguishable from a legitimate value in a typical diff review.\n\n### Affected component\n\n`PHPUnit\\Util\\PHP\\JobRunner::settingsToParameters()`.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe fix has two parts:\n\n**1. Reject line-break characters**\n\nBecause a newline or carriage return in an INI value has no legitimate use and is the primitive that enables directive injection, any PHP setting value containing `\\n` or `\\r` is now rejected with an explicit `PhpProcessException`. This follows the same \"visibility over silence\" principle applied in [CVE-2026-24765](https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/security/advisories/GHSA-vvj3-c3rp-c85p): the anomalous state fails loudly in CI output rather than being silently sanitized, giving operators an opportunity to investigate whether it reflects tampering, environment contamination, or an unexpected upstream change.\n\n**2. Quote remaining metacharacters**\n\nValues containing `\"` or `;`, both of which have legitimate uses (e.g., regex-valued INI settings such as `ddtrace`\u0027s `datadog.appsec.obfuscation_parameter_value_regexp`), are wrapped in double quotes with inner `\"` escaped as `\\\"`, so PHP\u0027s INI parser reads them as literal string contents rather than comment/delimiter tokens. Plain values are forwarded unchanged so that boolean keywords (`On`/`Off`) and bitwise expressions (`E_ALL \u0026 ~E_NOTICE`) retain their INI semantics.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible:\n\n- Audit INI values: Ensure no `\u003cini value=\"\u2026\"\u003e` entry in `phpunit.xml` / `phpunit.xml.dist` contains newline, `\"`, or `;` characters, and that nothing writes such values into configuration at build time.\n- Isolate CI execution of untrusted code: Run PHPUnit against pull requests only in ephemeral, containerized runners that discard filesystem state between jobs; require human review before executing PRs from forks; enforce branch protection on workflows that handle secrets (`pull_request_target` and similar). These mitigations apply to the broader PPE risk class and are effective against this vulnerability as well.\n- Restrict who can modify `phpunit.xml`: Treat `phpunit.xml` as security-sensitive in code review, particularly `\u003cini\u003e` entries.\n- Sanitize host INI: Ensure the host PHP\u0027s `php.ini` does not contain values with embedded newlines or unescaped metacharacters.\n\n## References\n\n- Fix: https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592\n- Related advisory (same threat class, Poisoned Pipeline Execution): [GHSA-vvj3-c3rp-c85p / CVE-2026-24765](https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/security/advisories/GHSA-vvj3-c3rp-c85p)\n- OWASP CI/CD Top 10: [CICD-SEC-04 Poisoned Pipeline Execution](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-10-ci-cd-security-risks/CICD-SEC-04-Poisoned-Pipeline-Execution)\n- CWE-88: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/88.html\n- CWE-93: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html",
  "id": "GHSA-qrr6-mg7r-m243",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T13:33:34Z",
  "published": "2026-04-18T00:59:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/security/advisories/GHSA-qrr6-mg7r-m243"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41570"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/phpunit/phpunit/CVE-2026-41570.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PHPUnit has Argument injection via newline in PHP INI values that are forwarded to child processes"
}

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-41570 (CVE-2026-41570)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2026-05-08 15:16 – Updated: 2026-05-20 15:27 – Source website

Details

Severity

7.8 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-41570	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-41570	REPORT
	https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/secu…	REPORT
	https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "phpunit",
            "binary_version": "5.1.3-1+ubuntu3+esm1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS",
        "name": "phpunit",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/phpunit@5.1.3-1+ubuntu3+esm1?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-apps/xenial"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "4.7.6-1",
        "4.8.16-1",
        "5.1.3-1ubuntu1",
        "5.1.3-1+build1",
        "5.1.3-1+ubuntu1",
        "5.1.3-1+ubuntu3",
        "5.1.3-1+ubuntu3+esm1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "phpunit",
            "binary_version": "6.5.5-1ubuntu2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:18.04:LTS",
        "name": "phpunit",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/phpunit@6.5.5-1ubuntu2?arch=source\u0026distro=bionic"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "5.4.6-2",
        "5.4.6-3",
        "6.5.5-1ubuntu2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "phpunit",
            "binary_version": "8.5.2-1ubuntu1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:20.04:LTS",
        "name": "phpunit",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/phpunit@8.5.2-1ubuntu1?arch=source\u0026distro=focal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "7.5.6-1",
        "8.5.2-1ubuntu1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "phpunit",
            "binary_version": "9.5.10-1ubuntu2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "phpunit",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/phpunit@9.5.10-1ubuntu2?arch=source\u0026distro=jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "9.5.4-1",
        "9.5.10-1ubuntu2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "phpunit",
            "binary_version": "9.6.17-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "phpunit",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/phpunit@9.6.17-1?arch=source\u0026distro=noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "9.6.10-1",
        "9.6.13-1",
        "9.6.15-1",
        "9.6.16-1",
        "9.6.17-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "phpunit",
            "binary_version": "11.5.19-1build4"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:25.10",
        "name": "phpunit",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/phpunit@11.5.19-1build4?arch=source\u0026distro=questing"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "11.5.3-1ubuntu4",
        "11.5.19-1build4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "phpunit",
            "binary_version": "13.0.0-2ubuntu6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.04:LTS",
        "name": "phpunit",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/phpunit@13.0.0-2ubuntu6?arch=source\u0026distro=resolute"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "11.5.19-1build4",
        "13.0.0-2ubuntu6"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "PHPUnit is a testing framework for PHP. In versions 12.5.21 and 13.1.5, PHPUnit forwards PHP INI settings to child processes (used for isolated/PHPT test execution) as -d name=value command-line arguments without neutralizing INI metacharacters. Because PHP\u0027s INI parser interprets \" as a string delimiter, ; as the start of a comment, and most importantly a newline as a directive separator, a value containing a newline is parsed by the child process as multiple INI directives. An attacker able to influence a single INI value can therefore inject arbitrary additional directives into the child\u0027s configuration, including auto_prepend_file, extension, disable_functions, open_basedir, and others. Setting auto_prepend_file to an attacker-controlled path yields remote code execution in the child process. This issue has been patched in versions 12.5.22 and 13.1.6.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2026-41570",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T15:27:27Z",
  "published": "2026-05-08T15:16:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-41570"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-41570"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/security/advisories/GHSA-qrr6-mg7r-m243"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/pull/6592"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-41570"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-41570 (GCVE-0-2026-41570)

FKIE_CVE-2026-41570

GHSA-QRR6-MG7R-M243

Impact

Threat Model

Affected component

Patches

Workarounds

References

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-41570 (CVE-2026-41570)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour