Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-45573 (GCVE-0-2026-45573)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 20:14 – Updated: 2026-08-08 02:34

Title

Decidim: Push subscriptions can be abused for server-side requests

Summary

Decidim is a participatory democracy framework. Prior to 0.30.9, from 0.31.0 before 0.31.5, and in 0.32.0.rc1 before 0.32.0.rc2, when VAPID delivery is enabled, the notification subscription flow stores a client-supplied push endpoint without validating that it belongs to an approved push service, and SendPushNotification later passes that endpoint to WebPush.payload_send, allowing an authenticated user to create stored, mostly blind server-side requests to arbitrary reachable HTTPS endpoints. This issue is fixed in versions 0.30.9, 0.31.5, and 0.32.0.rc2.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-08 02:34 UTC

CWE

CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/decidim/decidim/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16714	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
decidim	decidim	Affected: < 0.30.9 Affected: >= 0.31.0.rc1, < 0.31.5 Affected: >= 0.32.0.rc1, < 0.32.0	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-45573

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-08-06 22:17 - Updated: 2026-09-08 20:51

Severity

6.4 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16714
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/decidim/decidim/security/advisories/GHSA-2g9c-vf8h-prxx

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "decidim",
          "vendor": "decidim",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.30.9"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 0.31.0.rc1, \u003c 0.31.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 0.32.0.rc1, \u003c 0.32.0"
            }
          ]
        }
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GHSA-2G9C-VF8H-PRXX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 17:19 – Updated: 2026-07-13 17:19

Summary

Decidim: Push subscriptions can be abused for server-side requests

Details

Description

The push-subscription endpoint stores an attacker-controlled delivery URL, and the notification send path becomes an outbound-request sink when VAPID delivery is enabled. The practical result is an authenticated, stored, mostly blind SSRF primitive to arbitrary HTTPS endpoints reachable from the app server.

Technical description

When VAPID delivery is enabled, the notification subscription flow stores the client-supplied push endpoint without checking that it belongs to an approved push service. The send path later passes that stored URL to WebPush.payload_send, turning the subscription into an attacker-controlled outbound request destination. This is the source-to-sink chain:

Source: attacker-controlled subscription.endpoint in the JSON body posted to POST /notifications_subscriptions.
Persistence: params[:endpoint] is stored under user.notification_settings["subscriptions"].
Retrieval: user.notifications_subscriptions.values returns that stored endpoint later.
Sink: build_payload sets endpoint: subscription["endpoint"].
Outbound request: WebPush.payload_send(**payload) uses the attacker-supplied endpoint as the destination.

One spec asserts that the endpoint is persisted exactly as supplied:

# decidim-core/spec/services/decidim/notifications_subscriptions_persistor_spec.rb
expect(user.notifications_subscriptions["auth_code_121"]["endpoint"]).to eq(params[:endpoint])

Another spec asserts that SendPushNotification passes the stored endpoint into WebPush.payload_send:

# decidim-core/spec/services/decidim/send_push_notification_spec.rb
first_notification_payload = {
  message:,
  endpoint: subscriptions["auth_key_1"]["endpoint"],
  p256dh: subscriptions["auth_key_1"]["p256dh"],
  auth: subscriptions["auth_key_1"]["auth"],
  vapid: a_hash_including(...)
}
expect(WebPush).to receive(:payload_send).with(first_notification_payload)

Impact

In a configured deployment, an authenticated user can register an attacker-controlled or otherwise unauthorized HTTPS URL.
The server then sends outbound POST requests there whenever a notification is pushed.
This is a stored, mostly blind SSRF primitive: useful for outbound interaction with attacker infrastructure and, where routable, internal HTTPS services.
Notification metadata is disclosed to the supplied endpoint through the encrypted web push request path.

Patches

See https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16714.

Workarounds

Disable the push notifications feature by removing the VAPID keys in the server.

Resource

SSRF

Credits

This issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the Decidim Association and made by Radically Open Security against Decidim financed by NGI.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

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        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "decidim-core"
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    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-13T17:19:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Description\n\nThe push-subscription endpoint stores an attacker-controlled delivery URL, and the notification send path becomes an outbound-request sink when VAPID delivery is enabled. The practical result is an authenticated, stored, mostly blind SSRF primitive to arbitrary HTTPS endpoints reachable from the app server.\n\n## Technical description\n \nWhen VAPID delivery is enabled, the notification subscription flow stores the client-supplied push endpoint without checking that it belongs to an approved push service. The send path later passes that stored URL to `WebPush.payload_send`, turning the subscription into an attacker-controlled outbound request destination.\nThis is the source-to-sink chain:\n\n1. Source: attacker-controlled `subscription.endpoint` in the JSON body posted to `POST /notifications_subscriptions`.\n2. Persistence: `params[:endpoint]` is stored under `user.notification_settings[\"subscriptions\"]`.\n3. Retrieval: `user.notifications_subscriptions.values` returns that stored endpoint later.\n4. Sink: `build_payload` sets `endpoint: subscription[\"endpoint\"]`.\n5. Outbound request: `WebPush.payload_send(**payload)` uses the attacker-supplied endpoint as the\ndestination.\n\nOne spec asserts that the endpoint is persisted exactly as supplied:\n\n```ruby\n# decidim-core/spec/services/decidim/notifications_subscriptions_persistor_spec.rb\nexpect(user.notifications_subscriptions[\"auth_code_121\"][\"endpoint\"]).to eq(params[:endpoint])\n```\n\nAnother spec asserts that `SendPushNotification` passes the stored endpoint into `WebPush.payload_send`:\n\n```ruby\n# decidim-core/spec/services/decidim/send_push_notification_spec.rb\nfirst_notification_payload = {\n  message:,\n  endpoint: subscriptions[\"auth_key_1\"][\"endpoint\"],\n  p256dh: subscriptions[\"auth_key_1\"][\"p256dh\"],\n  auth: subscriptions[\"auth_key_1\"][\"auth\"],\n  vapid: a_hash_including(...)\n}\nexpect(WebPush).to receive(:payload_send).with(first_notification_payload)\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n- In a configured deployment, an authenticated user can register an attacker-controlled or otherwise unauthorized HTTPS URL.\n- The server then sends outbound `POST` requests there whenever a notification is pushed.\n- This is a stored, mostly blind SSRF primitive: useful for outbound interaction with attacker infrastructure and, where routable, internal HTTPS services.\n- Notification metadata is disclosed to the supplied endpoint through the encrypted web push request path.\n\n### Patches\n\nSee https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16714.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nDisable the push notifications feature by removing the VAPID keys in the server.\n\n### Resource\n\nSSRF\n\n### Credits\n\nThis issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the [Decidim Association](https://decidim.org) and made by [Radically Open Security](https://www.radicallyopensecurity.com/) against Decidim financed by [NGI](https://ngi.eu/).",
  "id": "GHSA-2g9c-vf8h-prxx",
  "modified": "2026-07-13T17:19:17Z",
  "published": "2026-07-13T17:19:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/security/advisories/GHSA-2g9c-vf8h-prxx"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16714"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Decidim: Push subscriptions can be abused for server-side requests"
}

Sightings

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Action not permitted

CVE-2026-45573 (GCVE-0-2026-45573)

FKIE_CVE-2026-45573

GHSA-2G9C-VF8H-PRXX

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