CVE-2026-45866 (GCVE-0-2026-45866)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 12:15 – Updated: 2026-05-27 12:15
VLAI
Title
serial: caif: fix use-after-free in caif_serial ldisc_close()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: serial: caif: fix use-after-free in caif_serial ldisc_close() There is a use-after-free bug in caif_serial where handle_tx() may access ser->tty after the tty has been freed. The race condition occurs between ldisc_close() and packet transmission: CPU 0 (close) CPU 1 (xmit) ------------- ------------ ldisc_close() tty_kref_put(ser->tty) [tty may be freed here] <-- race window --> caif_xmit() handle_tx() tty = ser->tty // dangling ptr tty->ops->write() // UAF! schedule_work() ser_release() unregister_netdevice() The root cause is that tty_kref_put() is called in ldisc_close() while the network device is still active and can receive packets. Since ser and tty have a 1:1 binding relationship with consistent lifecycles (ser is allocated in ldisc_open and freed in ser_release via unregister_netdevice, and each ser binds exactly one tty), we can safely defer the tty reference release to ser_release() where the network device is unregistered. Fix this by moving tty_kref_put() from ldisc_close() to ser_release(), after unregister_netdevice(). This ensures the tty reference is held as long as the network device exists, preventing the UAF. Note: We save ser->tty before unregister_netdevice() because ser is embedded in netdev's private data and will be freed along with netdev (needs_free_netdev = true). How to reproduce: Add mdelay(500) at the beginning of ldisc_close() to widen the race window, then run the reproducer program [1]. Note: There is a separate deadloop issue in handle_tx() when using PORT_UNKNOWN serial ports (e.g., /dev/ttyS3 in QEMU without proper serial backend). This deadloop exists even without this patch, and is likely caused by inconsistency between uart_write_room() and uart_write() in serial core. It has been addressed in a separate patch [2]. KASAN report: ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in handle_tx+0x5d1/0x620 Read of size 1 at addr ffff8881131e1490 by task caif_uaf_trigge/9929 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x10e/0x1f0 print_report+0xd0/0x630 kasan_report+0xe4/0x120 handle_tx+0x5d1/0x620 dev_hard_start_xmit+0x9d/0x6c0 __dev_queue_xmit+0x6e2/0x4410 packet_xmit+0x243/0x360 packet_sendmsg+0x26cf/0x5500 __sys_sendto+0x4a3/0x520 __x64_sys_sendto+0xe0/0x1c0 do_syscall_64+0xc9/0xf80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f615df2c0d7 Allocated by task 9930: Freed by task 64: Last potentially related work creation: The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8881131e1000 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-2k of size 2048 The buggy address is located 1168 bytes inside of freed 2048-byte region [ffff8881131e1000, ffff8881131e1800) The buggy address belongs to the physical page: page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last free pid 9778 tgid 9778 stack trace: Memory state around the buggy address: ffff8881131e1380: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff8881131e1400: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb >ffff8881131e1480: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff8881131e1500: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff8881131e1580: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ================================================================== [1]: https://gist.github.com/mrpre/f683f244544f7b11e7fa87df9e6c2eeb [2]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-serial/20260204074327.226165-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/#u
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < 5e266ba8d330d3b8e5bc198f238cd8901826cfa1 (git)
Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < d3c75db4e0460641dbcd274b40867e252d801da1 (git)
Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < 4e63d6f68544ae5269ac9735ae5b69b59b5b8725 (git)
Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < 331e2b7051635780edea248dd08ae2026c126f4a (git)
Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < 52731ef4438155cea782fac74e547a327ab9e7c5 (git)
Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < c8c197aaa56b25a2d54f3aa07e27e228d6c08546 (git)
Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < 40962f2bf8cdba63af23aec95ad3f49b689e58e2 (git)
Affected: 56e0ef527b184b3de2d7f88c6190812b2b2ac6bf , < 308e7e4d0a846359685f40aade023aee7b27284c (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.11
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.11 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.252 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.202 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.165 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.128 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.75 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.14 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19.4 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nserial: caif: fix use-after-free in caif_serial ldisc_close()\n\nThere is a use-after-free bug in caif_serial where handle_tx() may\naccess ser-\u003etty after the tty has been freed.\n\nThe race condition occurs between ldisc_close() and packet transmission:\n\n    CPU 0 (close)                     CPU 1 (xmit)\n    -------------                     ------------\n    ldisc_close()\n      tty_kref_put(ser-\u003etty)\n      [tty may be freed here]\n                     \u003c-- race window --\u003e\n                                      caif_xmit()\n                                        handle_tx()\n                                          tty = ser-\u003etty  // dangling ptr\n                                          tty-\u003eops-\u003ewrite() // UAF!\n      schedule_work()\n        ser_release()\n          unregister_netdevice()\n\nThe root cause is that tty_kref_put() is called in ldisc_close() while\nthe network device is still active and can receive packets.\n\nSince ser and tty have a 1:1 binding relationship with consistent\nlifecycles (ser is allocated in ldisc_open and freed in ser_release\nvia unregister_netdevice, and each ser binds exactly one tty), we can\nsafely defer the tty reference release to ser_release() where the\nnetwork device is unregistered.\n\nFix this by moving tty_kref_put() from ldisc_close() to ser_release(),\nafter unregister_netdevice(). This ensures the tty reference is held\nas long as the network device exists, preventing the UAF.\n\nNote: We save ser-\u003etty before unregister_netdevice() because ser is\nembedded in netdev\u0027s private data and will be freed along with netdev\n(needs_free_netdev = true).\n\nHow to reproduce: Add mdelay(500) at the beginning of ldisc_close()\nto widen the race window, then run the reproducer program [1].\n\nNote: There is a separate deadloop issue in handle_tx() when using\nPORT_UNKNOWN serial ports (e.g., /dev/ttyS3 in QEMU without proper\nserial backend). This deadloop exists even without this patch,\nand is likely caused by inconsistency between uart_write_room() and\nuart_write() in serial core. It has been addressed in a separate\npatch [2].\n\nKASAN report:\n\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in handle_tx+0x5d1/0x620\nRead of size 1 at addr ffff8881131e1490 by task caif_uaf_trigge/9929\n\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x10e/0x1f0\n print_report+0xd0/0x630\n kasan_report+0xe4/0x120\n handle_tx+0x5d1/0x620\n dev_hard_start_xmit+0x9d/0x6c0\n __dev_queue_xmit+0x6e2/0x4410\n packet_xmit+0x243/0x360\n packet_sendmsg+0x26cf/0x5500\n __sys_sendto+0x4a3/0x520\n __x64_sys_sendto+0xe0/0x1c0\n do_syscall_64+0xc9/0xf80\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\nRIP: 0033:0x7f615df2c0d7\n\nAllocated by task 9930:\n\nFreed by task 64:\n\nLast potentially related work creation:\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8881131e1000\n which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-2k of size 2048\nThe buggy address is located 1168 bytes inside of\n freed 2048-byte region [ffff8881131e1000, ffff8881131e1800)\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the physical page:\npage_owner tracks the page as allocated\npage last free pid 9778 tgid 9778 stack trace:\n\nMemory state around the buggy address:\n ffff8881131e1380: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\n ffff8881131e1400: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\n\u003effff8881131e1480: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\n                         ^\n ffff8881131e1500: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\n ffff8881131e1580: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\n==================================================================\n[1]: https://gist.github.com/mrpre/f683f244544f7b11e7fa87df9e6c2eeb\n[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-serial/20260204074327.226165-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/#u"
        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-27T12:15:46.135Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e266ba8d330d3b8e5bc198f238cd8901826cfa1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3c75db4e0460641dbcd274b40867e252d801da1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e63d6f68544ae5269ac9735ae5b69b59b5b8725"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/331e2b7051635780edea248dd08ae2026c126f4a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52731ef4438155cea782fac74e547a327ab9e7c5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8c197aaa56b25a2d54f3aa07e27e228d6c08546"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/40962f2bf8cdba63af23aec95ad3f49b689e58e2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/308e7e4d0a846359685f40aade023aee7b27284c"
        }
      ],
      "title": "serial: caif: fix use-after-free in caif_serial ldisc_close()",
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45866",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-27T12:15:46.135Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.080Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-27T12:15:46.135Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-45866",
      "date": "2026-06-06",
      "epss": "0.00032",
      "percentile": "0.09792"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-45866\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-05-27T14:16:58.963\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-05-27T14:48:31.480\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nserial: caif: fix use-after-free in caif_serial ldisc_close()\\n\\nThere is a use-after-free bug in caif_serial where handle_tx() may\\naccess ser-\u003etty after the tty has been freed.\\n\\nThe race condition occurs between ldisc_close() and packet transmission:\\n\\n    CPU 0 (close)                     CPU 1 (xmit)\\n    -------------                     ------------\\n    ldisc_close()\\n      tty_kref_put(ser-\u003etty)\\n      [tty may be freed here]\\n                     \u003c-- race window --\u003e\\n                                      caif_xmit()\\n                                        handle_tx()\\n                                          tty = ser-\u003etty  // dangling ptr\\n                                          tty-\u003eops-\u003ewrite() // UAF!\\n      schedule_work()\\n        ser_release()\\n          unregister_netdevice()\\n\\nThe root cause is that tty_kref_put() is called in ldisc_close() while\\nthe network device is still active and can receive packets.\\n\\nSince ser and tty have a 1:1 binding relationship with consistent\\nlifecycles (ser is allocated in ldisc_open and freed in ser_release\\nvia unregister_netdevice, and each ser binds exactly one tty), we can\\nsafely defer the tty reference release to ser_release() where the\\nnetwork device is unregistered.\\n\\nFix this by moving tty_kref_put() from ldisc_close() to ser_release(),\\nafter unregister_netdevice(). This ensures the tty reference is held\\nas long as the network device exists, preventing the UAF.\\n\\nNote: We save ser-\u003etty before unregister_netdevice() because ser is\\nembedded in netdev\u0027s private data and will be freed along with netdev\\n(needs_free_netdev = true).\\n\\nHow to reproduce: Add mdelay(500) at the beginning of ldisc_close()\\nto widen the race window, then run the reproducer program [1].\\n\\nNote: There is a separate deadloop issue in handle_tx() when using\\nPORT_UNKNOWN serial ports (e.g., /dev/ttyS3 in QEMU without proper\\nserial backend). This deadloop exists even without this patch,\\nand is likely caused by inconsistency between uart_write_room() and\\nuart_write() in serial core. It has been addressed in a separate\\npatch [2].\\n\\nKASAN report:\\n\\n==================================================================\\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in handle_tx+0x5d1/0x620\\nRead of size 1 at addr ffff8881131e1490 by task caif_uaf_trigge/9929\\n\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n dump_stack_lvl+0x10e/0x1f0\\n print_report+0xd0/0x630\\n kasan_report+0xe4/0x120\\n handle_tx+0x5d1/0x620\\n dev_hard_start_xmit+0x9d/0x6c0\\n __dev_queue_xmit+0x6e2/0x4410\\n packet_xmit+0x243/0x360\\n packet_sendmsg+0x26cf/0x5500\\n __sys_sendto+0x4a3/0x520\\n __x64_sys_sendto+0xe0/0x1c0\\n do_syscall_64+0xc9/0xf80\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\\nRIP: 0033:0x7f615df2c0d7\\n\\nAllocated by task 9930:\\n\\nFreed by task 64:\\n\\nLast potentially related work creation:\\n\\nThe buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8881131e1000\\n which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-2k of size 2048\\nThe buggy address is located 1168 bytes inside of\\n freed 2048-byte region [ffff8881131e1000, ffff8881131e1800)\\n\\nThe buggy address belongs to the physical page:\\npage_owner tracks the page as allocated\\npage last free pid 9778 tgid 9778 stack trace:\\n\\nMemory state around the buggy address:\\n ffff8881131e1380: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\\n ffff8881131e1400: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\\n\u003effff8881131e1480: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\\n                         ^\\n ffff8881131e1500: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\\n ffff8881131e1580: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb\\n==================================================================\\n[1]: https://gist.github.com/mrpre/f683f244544f7b11e7fa87df9e6c2eeb\\n[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-serial/20260204074327.226165-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/#u\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/308e7e4d0a846359685f40aade023aee7b27284c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/331e2b7051635780edea248dd08ae2026c126f4a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/40962f2bf8cdba63af23aec95ad3f49b689e58e2\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e63d6f68544ae5269ac9735ae5b69b59b5b8725\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52731ef4438155cea782fac74e547a327ab9e7c5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e266ba8d330d3b8e5bc198f238cd8901826cfa1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8c197aaa56b25a2d54f3aa07e27e228d6c08546\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3c75db4e0460641dbcd274b40867e252d801da1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.