CVE-2026-46319 (GCVE-0-2026-46319)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 12:11 – Updated: 2026-06-09 12:11
VLAI
Title
net/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft When looking up a flow table in act_ct in tcf_ct_flow_table_get(), rhashtable_lookup_fast() internally opens and closes an RCU read critical section before returning ct_ft. The tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() can complete before refcount_inc_not_zero() is invoked on the returned ct_ft resulting in a UAF on the already freed ct_ft object. This vulnerability can lead to privilege escalation. Analysis from zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com: When initializing act_ct, tcf_ct_init() is called, which internally triggers tcf_ct_flow_table_get(). static int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params) { struct zones_ht_key key = { .net = net, .zone = params->zone }; struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft; int err = -ENOMEM; mutex_lock(&zones_mutex); ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(&zones_ht, &key, zones_params); // [1] if (ct_ft && refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct_ft->ref)) // [2] goto out_unlock; ... } static __always_inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast( struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key, const struct rhashtable_params params) { void *obj; rcu_read_lock(); obj = rhashtable_lookup(ht, key, params); rcu_read_unlock(); return obj; } At [1], rhashtable_lookup_fast() looks up and returns the corresponding ct_ft from zones_ht . The lookup is performed within an RCU read critical section through rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock(), which prevents the object from being freed. However, at the point of function return, rcu_read_unlock() has already been called, and there is nothing preventing ct_ft from being freed before reaching refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct_ft->ref) at [2]. This interval becomes the race window, during which ct_ft can be freed. Free Process: tcf_ct_flow_table_put() is executed through the path tcf_ct_cleanup() call_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free() tcf_ct_flow_table_put(). static void tcf_ct_flow_table_put(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft) { if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ct_ft->ref)) { rhashtable_remove_fast(&zones_ht, &ct_ft->node, zones_params); INIT_RCU_WORK(&ct_ft->rwork, tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work); // [3] queue_rcu_work(act_ct_wq, &ct_ft->rwork); } } At [3], tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() is scheduled as RCU work static void tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work) { struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft; struct flow_block *block; ct_ft = container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct tcf_ct_flow_table, rwork); nf_flow_table_free(&ct_ft->nf_ft); block = &ct_ft->nf_ft.flow_block; down_write(&ct_ft->nf_ft.flow_block_lock); WARN_ON(!list_empty(&block->cb_list)); up_write(&ct_ft->nf_ft.flow_block_lock); kfree(ct_ft); // [4] module_put(THIS_MODULE); } tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() frees ct_ft at [4]. When this function executes between [1] and [2], UAF occurs. This race condition has a very short race window, making it generally difficult to trigger. Therefore, to trigger the vulnerability an msleep(100) was inserted after[1]
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < ece578ca61e572df96cfc80456357ebfae0b4b9e (git)
Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < a2e0c045c87aa252eb61412e67dd91f2c2b19f81 (git)
Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < 67c9ecc9f2575273ed1323e312881fc98ac83d6d (git)
Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < f23424a0ddadb494d4bd57056a7ca703312d3a7b (git)
Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < 17dfb67cb399b660105d9a8c6100851c0d0cdc70 (git)
Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < 4c727c6967a41b37efe0f26332ca9ec5b74785a3 (git)
Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < 3e20e1b3058e0b94638e7b931c138e840e266724 (git)
Affected: 138470a9b2cc2e26e6018300394afc3858a54e6a , < f462dca0c8415bf0058d0ffa476354c4476d0f09 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.258 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.141 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.91 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.33 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0.10 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/sched/act_ct.c"
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.258",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.209",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.175",
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.141",
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.91",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.33",
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              "version": "7.0.10",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1-rc1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
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          "nodes": [
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              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.258",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.7",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.209",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.7",
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.141",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.7",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1-rc1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.7",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft\n\nWhen looking up a flow table in act_ct in tcf_ct_flow_table_get(),\nrhashtable_lookup_fast() internally opens and closes an RCU read critical\nsection before returning ct_ft.\nThe tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() can complete before refcount_inc_not_zero()\nis invoked on the returned ct_ft resulting in a UAF on the already freed ct_ft\nobject. This vulnerability can lead to privilege escalation.\n\nAnalysis from zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com:\nWhen initializing act_ct, tcf_ct_init() is called, which internally triggers\ntcf_ct_flow_table_get().\n\nstatic int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params)\n\n{\n                struct zones_ht_key key = { .net = net, .zone = params-\u003ezone };\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                int err = -ENOMEM;\n\n                mutex_lock(\u0026zones_mutex);\n                ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026key, zones_params); // [1]\n                if (ct_ft \u0026\u0026 refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) // [2]\n                                goto out_unlock;\n                ...\n}\n\nstatic __always_inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast(\n                struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key,\n                const struct rhashtable_params params)\n{\n                void *obj;\n\n                rcu_read_lock();\n                obj = rhashtable_lookup(ht, key, params);\n                rcu_read_unlock();\n\n                return obj;\n}\n\nAt [1], rhashtable_lookup_fast() looks up and returns the corresponding ct_ft\nfrom zones_ht . The lookup is performed within an RCU read critical section\nthrough rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock(), which prevents the object from\nbeing freed. However, at the point of function return, rcu_read_unlock() has\nalready been called, and there is nothing preventing ct_ft from being freed\nbefore reaching refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref) at [2]. This interval becomes\nthe race window, during which ct_ft can be freed.\n\nFree Process:\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_put() is executed through the path tcf_ct_cleanup() call_rcu()\ntcf_ct_params_free_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free() tcf_ct_flow_table_put().\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_put(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft)\n{\n                if (refcount_dec_and_test(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) {\n                                rhashtable_remove_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026ct_ft-\u003enode, zones_params);\n                                INIT_RCU_WORK(\u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork, tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work); // [3]\n                                queue_rcu_work(act_ct_wq, \u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork);\n                }\n}\n\nAt [3], tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() is scheduled as RCU work\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work)\n\n{\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                struct flow_block *block;\n\n                ct_ft = container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct tcf_ct_flow_table,\n                                                                rwork);\n                nf_flow_table_free(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft);\n                block = \u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block;\n                down_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                WARN_ON(!list_empty(\u0026block-\u003ecb_list));\n                up_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                kfree(ct_ft); // [4]\n\n                module_put(THIS_MODULE);\n}\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() frees ct_ft at [4]. When this function executes\nbetween [1] and [2], UAF occurs.\n\nThis race condition has a very short race window, making it generally\ndifficult to trigger. Therefore, to trigger the vulnerability an msleep(100) was\ninserted after[1]"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-09T12:11:12.128Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ece578ca61e572df96cfc80456357ebfae0b4b9e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2e0c045c87aa252eb61412e67dd91f2c2b19f81"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67c9ecc9f2575273ed1323e312881fc98ac83d6d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f23424a0ddadb494d4bd57056a7ca703312d3a7b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17dfb67cb399b660105d9a8c6100851c0d0cdc70"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c727c6967a41b37efe0f26332ca9ec5b74785a3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e20e1b3058e0b94638e7b931c138e840e266724"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f462dca0c8415bf0058d0ffa476354c4476d0f09"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46319",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-09T12:11:12.128Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.112Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-09T12:11:12.128Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-46319\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-06-09T13:16:37.210\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-09T13:16:37.210\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft\\n\\nWhen looking up a flow table in act_ct in tcf_ct_flow_table_get(),\\nrhashtable_lookup_fast() internally opens and closes an RCU read critical\\nsection before returning ct_ft.\\nThe tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() can complete before refcount_inc_not_zero()\\nis invoked on the returned ct_ft resulting in a UAF on the already freed ct_ft\\nobject. This vulnerability can lead to privilege escalation.\\n\\nAnalysis from zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com:\\nWhen initializing act_ct, tcf_ct_init() is called, which internally triggers\\ntcf_ct_flow_table_get().\\n\\nstatic int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params)\\n\\n{\\n                struct zones_ht_key key = { .net = net, .zone = params-\u003ezone };\\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\\n                int err = -ENOMEM;\\n\\n                mutex_lock(\u0026zones_mutex);\\n                ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026key, zones_params); // [1]\\n                if (ct_ft \u0026\u0026 refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) // [2]\\n                                goto out_unlock;\\n                ...\\n}\\n\\nstatic __always_inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast(\\n                struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key,\\n                const struct rhashtable_params params)\\n{\\n                void *obj;\\n\\n                rcu_read_lock();\\n                obj = rhashtable_lookup(ht, key, params);\\n                rcu_read_unlock();\\n\\n                return obj;\\n}\\n\\nAt [1], rhashtable_lookup_fast() looks up and returns the corresponding ct_ft\\nfrom zones_ht . The lookup is performed within an RCU read critical section\\nthrough rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock(), which prevents the object from\\nbeing freed. However, at the point of function return, rcu_read_unlock() has\\nalready been called, and there is nothing preventing ct_ft from being freed\\nbefore reaching refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref) at [2]. This interval becomes\\nthe race window, during which ct_ft can be freed.\\n\\nFree Process:\\n\\ntcf_ct_flow_table_put() is executed through the path tcf_ct_cleanup() call_rcu()\\ntcf_ct_params_free_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free() tcf_ct_flow_table_put().\\n\\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_put(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft)\\n{\\n                if (refcount_dec_and_test(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) {\\n                                rhashtable_remove_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026ct_ft-\u003enode, zones_params);\\n                                INIT_RCU_WORK(\u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork, tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work); // [3]\\n                                queue_rcu_work(act_ct_wq, \u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork);\\n                }\\n}\\n\\nAt [3], tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() is scheduled as RCU work\\n\\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work)\\n\\n{\\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\\n                struct flow_block *block;\\n\\n                ct_ft = container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct tcf_ct_flow_table,\\n                                                                rwork);\\n                nf_flow_table_free(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft);\\n                block = \u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block;\\n                down_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\\n                WARN_ON(!list_empty(\u0026block-\u003ecb_list));\\n                up_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\\n                kfree(ct_ft); // [4]\\n\\n                module_put(THIS_MODULE);\\n}\\n\\ntcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() frees ct_ft at [4]. When this function executes\\nbetween [1] and [2], UAF occurs.\\n\\nThis race condition has a very short race window, making it generally\\ndifficult to trigger. Therefore, to trigger the vulnerability an msleep(100) was\\ninserted after[1]\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17dfb67cb399b660105d9a8c6100851c0d0cdc70\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e20e1b3058e0b94638e7b931c138e840e266724\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c727c6967a41b37efe0f26332ca9ec5b74785a3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67c9ecc9f2575273ed1323e312881fc98ac83d6d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2e0c045c87aa252eb61412e67dd91f2c2b19f81\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ece578ca61e572df96cfc80456357ebfae0b4b9e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f23424a0ddadb494d4bd57056a7ca703312d3a7b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f462dca0c8415bf0058d0ffa476354c4476d0f09\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.