FKIE_CVE-2024-26960

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2024-05-01 06:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 07:18
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: swap: fix race between free_swap_and_cache() and swapoff() There was previously a theoretical window where swapoff() could run and teardown a swap_info_struct while a call to free_swap_and_cache() was running in another thread. This could cause, amongst other bad possibilities, swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() (called by free_swap_and_cache()) to access the freed memory for swap_map. This is a theoretical problem and I haven't been able to provoke it from a test case. But there has been agreement based on code review that this is possible (see link below). Fix it by using get_swap_device()/put_swap_device(), which will stall swapoff(). There was an extra check in _swap_info_get() to confirm that the swap entry was not free. This isn't present in get_swap_device() because it doesn't make sense in general due to the race between getting the reference and swapoff. So I've added an equivalent check directly in free_swap_and_cache(). Details of how to provoke one possible issue (thanks to David Hildenbrand for deriving this): --8<----- __swap_entry_free() might be the last user and result in "count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE". swapoff->try_to_unuse() will stop as soon as soon as si->inuse_pages==0. So the question is: could someone reclaim the folio and turn si->inuse_pages==0, before we completed swap_page_trans_huge_swapped(). Imagine the following: 2 MiB folio in the swapcache. Only 2 subpages are still references by swap entries. Process 1 still references subpage 0 via swap entry. Process 2 still references subpage 1 via swap entry. Process 1 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache(). -> count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE [then, preempted in the hypervisor etc.] Process 2 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache(). -> count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE Process 2 goes ahead, passes swap_page_trans_huge_swapped(), and calls __try_to_reclaim_swap(). __try_to_reclaim_swap()->folio_free_swap()->delete_from_swap_cache()-> put_swap_folio()->free_swap_slot()->swapcache_free_entries()-> swap_entry_free()->swap_range_free()-> ... WRITE_ONCE(si->inuse_pages, si->inuse_pages - nr_entries); What stops swapoff to succeed after process 2 reclaimed the swap cache but before process1 finished its call to swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()? --8<-----
References
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f98f6d2fb5fad00f8299b84b85b6bc1b6d7d19aPatch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ede7f1d7eed1738d1b9333fd1e152ccb450b86aPatch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2da5568ee222ce0541bfe446a07998f92ed1643ePatch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/363d17e7f7907c8e27a9e86968af0eaa2301787bPatch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ce4c4c653e4e478ecb15d3c88e690f12cbf6b39Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82b1c07a0af603e3c47b906c8e991dc96f01688ePatch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d85c11c97ecf92d47a4b29e3faca714dc1f18d0dPatch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f98f6d2fb5fad00f8299b84b85b6bc1b6d7d19aPatch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ede7f1d7eed1738d1b9333fd1e152ccb450b86aPatch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2da5568ee222ce0541bfe446a07998f92ed1643ePatch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/363d17e7f7907c8e27a9e86968af0eaa2301787bPatch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ce4c4c653e4e478ecb15d3c88e690f12cbf6b39Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82b1c07a0af603e3c47b906c8e991dc96f01688ePatch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d85c11c97ecf92d47a4b29e3faca714dc1f18d0dPatch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00017.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5ehttps://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html

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  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm: swap: fix race between free_swap_and_cache() and swapoff()\n\nThere was previously a theoretical window where swapoff() could run and\nteardown a swap_info_struct while a call to free_swap_and_cache() was\nrunning in another thread.  This could cause, amongst other bad\npossibilities, swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() (called by\nfree_swap_and_cache()) to access the freed memory for swap_map.\n\nThis is a theoretical problem and I haven\u0027t been able to provoke it from a\ntest case.  But there has been agreement based on code review that this is\npossible (see link below).\n\nFix it by using get_swap_device()/put_swap_device(), which will stall\nswapoff().  There was an extra check in _swap_info_get() to confirm that\nthe swap entry was not free.  This isn\u0027t present in get_swap_device()\nbecause it doesn\u0027t make sense in general due to the race between getting\nthe reference and swapoff.  So I\u0027ve added an equivalent check directly in\nfree_swap_and_cache().\n\nDetails of how to provoke one possible issue (thanks to David Hildenbrand\nfor deriving this):\n\n--8\u003c-----\n\n__swap_entry_free() might be the last user and result in\n\"count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\".\n\nswapoff-\u003etry_to_unuse() will stop as soon as soon as si-\u003einuse_pages==0.\n\nSo the question is: could someone reclaim the folio and turn\nsi-\u003einuse_pages==0, before we completed swap_page_trans_huge_swapped().\n\nImagine the following: 2 MiB folio in the swapcache. Only 2 subpages are\nstill references by swap entries.\n\nProcess 1 still references subpage 0 via swap entry.\nProcess 2 still references subpage 1 via swap entry.\n\nProcess 1 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache().\n-\u003e count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\n[then, preempted in the hypervisor etc.]\n\nProcess 2 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache().\n-\u003e count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\n\nProcess 2 goes ahead, passes swap_page_trans_huge_swapped(), and calls\n__try_to_reclaim_swap().\n\n__try_to_reclaim_swap()-\u003efolio_free_swap()-\u003edelete_from_swap_cache()-\u003e\nput_swap_folio()-\u003efree_swap_slot()-\u003eswapcache_free_entries()-\u003e\nswap_entry_free()-\u003eswap_range_free()-\u003e\n...\nWRITE_ONCE(si-\u003einuse_pages, si-\u003einuse_pages - nr_entries);\n\nWhat stops swapoff to succeed after process 2 reclaimed the swap cache\nbut before process1 finished its call to swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()?\n\n--8\u003c-----"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: mm: swap: corrige la ejecuci\u00f3n entre free_swap_and_cache() y swapoff() Anteriormente exist\u00eda una ventana te\u00f3rica donde swapoff() pod\u00eda ejecutar y desmantelar un swap_info_struct mientras se realizaba una llamada a free_swap_and_cache(). corriendo en otro hilo. Esto podr\u00eda causar, entre otras malas posibilidades, que swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() (llamado por free_swap_and_cache()) acceda a la memoria liberada para swap_map. Este es un problema te\u00f3rico y no he podido provocarlo a partir de un caso de prueba. Pero ha habido un acuerdo basado en la revisi\u00f3n del c\u00f3digo de que esto es posible (ver enlace a continuaci\u00f3n). Solucionarlo usando get_swap_device()/put_swap_device(), lo que detendr\u00e1 swapoff(). Hubo una verificaci\u00f3n adicional en _swap_info_get() para confirmar que la entrada de intercambio no era gratuita. Esto no est\u00e1 presente en get_swap_device() porque en general no tiene sentido debido a la ejecuci\u00f3n entre obtener la referencia y el intercambio. As\u00ed que agregu\u00e9 una verificaci\u00f3n equivalente directamente en free_swap_and_cache(). Detalles de c\u00f3mo provocar un posible problema (gracias a David Hildenbrand por derivar esto): --8\u0026lt;----- __swap_entry_free() podr\u00eda ser el \u00faltimo usuario y dar como resultado \"count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\". swapoff-\u0026gt;try_to_unuse() se detendr\u00e1 tan pronto como si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages==0. Entonces la pregunta es: \u00bfalguien podr\u00eda reclamar la publicaci\u00f3n y activar si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages==0, antes de que completemos swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()? Imagine lo siguiente: folio de 2 MiB en el swapcache. S\u00f3lo 2 subp\u00e1ginas siguen siendo referencias mediante entradas de intercambio. El proceso 1 todav\u00eda hace referencia a la subp\u00e1gina 0 mediante la entrada de intercambio. El proceso 2 todav\u00eda hace referencia a la subp\u00e1gina 1 mediante la entrada de intercambio. El proceso 1 se cierra. Llama a free_swap_and_cache(). -\u0026gt; count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE [luego, adelantado en el hipervisor, etc.] El proceso 2 se cierra. Llama a free_swap_and_cache(). -\u0026gt; count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE El proceso 2 contin\u00faa, pasa swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() y llama a __try_to_reclaim_swap(). __try_to_reclaim_swap()-\u0026gt;folio_free_swap()-\u0026gt;delete_from_swap_cache()-\u0026gt; put_swap_folio()-\u0026gt;free_swap_slot()-\u0026gt;swapcache_free_entries()-\u0026gt; swap_entry_free()-\u0026gt;swap_range_free()-\u0026gt; ... WRITE_ONCE(si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages, si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages - nr_entries); \u00bfQu\u00e9 impide que el intercambio tenga \u00e9xito despu\u00e9s de que el proceso 2 recuper\u00f3 el cach\u00e9 de intercambio pero antes de que el proceso 1 terminara su llamada a swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()? --8\u0026lt;-----"
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2024-26960",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T07:18:47.827",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2024-26960",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-02-05T21:09:23.358079Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2024-05-01T06:15:12.323",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f98f6d2fb5fad00f8299b84b85b6bc1b6d7d19a"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f98f6d2fb5fad00f8299b84b85b6bc1b6d7d19a"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ede7f1d7eed1738d1b9333fd1e152ccb450b86a"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2da5568ee222ce0541bfe446a07998f92ed1643e"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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    },
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    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d85c11c97ecf92d47a4b29e3faca714dc1f18d0d"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00017.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-362"
        }
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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