{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "c3p0",
          "vendor": "swaldman",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.12.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "c3p0, a JDBC Connection pooling library, is vulnerable to attack via maliciously crafted Java-serialized objects and `javax.naming.Reference` instances. Several c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` implementations have a property called `userOverridesAsString` which conceptually represents a `Map\u003cString,Map\u003cString,String\u003e\u003e`. Prior to v0.12.0, that property was maintained as a hex-encoded serialized object. Any attacker able to reset this property, on an existing `ConnectionPoolDataSource` or via maliciously crafted serialized objects or `javax.naming.Reference` instances could be tailored execute unexpected code on the application\u0027s `CLASSPATH`. The danger of this vulnerability was strongly magnified by vulnerabilities in c3p0\u0027s main dependency, mchange-commons-java. This library includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including ungated support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values. Attackers could set c3p0\u0027s `userOverridesAsString` hex-encoded serialized objects that include objects \"indirectly serialized\" via JNDI references. Deserialization of those objects and dereferencing of the embedded `javax.naming.Reference` objects could provoke download and execution of malicious code from a remote `factoryClassLocation`. Although hazard presented by c3p0\u0027s vulnerabilites are exarcerbated by vulnerabilities in mchange-commons-java, use of Java-serialized-object hex as the format for a writable Java-Bean property, of objects that may be exposed across JNDI interfaces, represents a serious independent fragility. The `userOverridesAsString` property of c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` classes has been reimplemented to use a safe CSV-based format, rather than rely upon potentially dangerous Java object deserialization. c3p0-0.12.0+ and above depend upon mchange-commons-java 0.4.0+, which gates support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values. c3p0 additionally enforces the new mchange-commons-java `com.mchange.v2.naming.nameGuardClassName` to prevent injection of unexpected, potentially remote JNDI names. There is no supported workaround for versions of c3p0 prior to 0.12.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT",
            "baseScore": 8.9,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-502",
              "description": "CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-94",
              "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T00:45:18.222Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/security/advisories/GHSA-5476-xc4j-rqcv",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/security/advisories/GHSA-5476-xc4j-rqcv"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/commit/e14cbd8166e423e2e9a9d6f08b2add3433492d6e",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/commit/e14cbd8166e423e2e9a9d6f08b2add3433492d6e"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-5476-xc4j-rqcv",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "c3p0 vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via unsafe deserialization of userOverridesAsString property"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-27830",
    "datePublished": "2026-02-26T00:45:18.222Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-24T02:32:39.800Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T00:45:18.222Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}