GHSA-547R-QMJM-8HVW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-20 17:48 – Updated: 2025-11-25 19:48
VLAI?
Summary
md-to-pdf vulnerable to arbitrary JavaScript code execution when parsing front matter
Details

Summary

A Markdown front-matter block that contains JavaScript delimiter causes the JS engine in gray-matter library to execute arbitrary code in the Markdown to PDF converter process of md-to-pdf library, resulting in remote code execution.

Details

md-to-pdf uses the gray-matter library to parse front-matter. Gray-matter exposes a JavaScript engine that, when enabled or triggered by certain front-matter delimiters (e.g. ---js or ---javascript), will evaluate the front-matter contents as JavaScript. If user-supplied Markdown is fed to md-to-pdf and the front-matter contains malicious JS, the converter process will execute that code.

PoC

const { mdToPdf } = require('md-to-pdf');

var payload = '---javascript\n((require("child_process")).execSync("calc.exe"))\n---RCE';

(async () => {
    await mdToPdf({ content: payload }, { dest: './output.pdf'});
})();

Running the PoC on Windows launches the calculator application, demonstrating arbitrary code execution.

Impact

  • Remote code execution in the process that performs Markdown->PDF conversion.
  • If the converter is run in a web app or cloud service, an attacker uploading malicious Markdown can execute arbitrary commands on the
Severity ?
10.0 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "md-to-pdf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-65108"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-20T17:48:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T22:16:33Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Markdown front-matter block that contains JavaScript delimiter causes the JS engine in gray-matter library to execute arbitrary code in the Markdown to PDF converter process of **md-to-pdf** library, resulting in remote code execution.\n\n### Details\n**md-to-pdf** uses the gray-matter library to parse front-matter. Gray-matter exposes a JavaScript engine that, when enabled or triggered by certain front-matter delimiters (e.g. ---js or ---javascript), will evaluate the front-matter contents as JavaScript. If user-supplied Markdown is fed to md-to-pdf and the front-matter contains malicious JS, the converter process will execute that code.\n\n\n### PoC\n```\nconst { mdToPdf } = require(\u0027md-to-pdf\u0027);\n\nvar payload = \u0027---javascript\\n((require(\"child_process\")).execSync(\"calc.exe\"))\\n---RCE\u0027;\n\n(async () =\u003e {\n\tawait mdToPdf({ content: payload }, { dest: \u0027./output.pdf\u0027});\n})();\n```\nRunning the PoC on Windows launches the calculator application, demonstrating arbitrary code execution.\n\n### Impact\n\n- Remote code execution in the process that performs Markdown-\u003ePDF conversion.\n- If the converter is run in a web app or cloud service, an attacker uploading malicious Markdown can execute arbitrary commands on the",
  "id": "GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw",
  "modified": "2025-11-25T19:48:40Z",
  "published": "2025-11-20T17:48:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/security/advisories/GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65108"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/commit/46bdcf2051c8d1758b391c1353185a179a47a4d9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "md-to-pdf vulnerable to arbitrary JavaScript code execution when parsing front matter"
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.