gsd-2017-7658
Vulnerability from gsd
Modified
2023-12-13 01:21
Details
In Eclipse Jetty Server, versions 9.2.x and older, 9.3.x (all non HTTP/1.x configurations), and 9.4.x (all HTTP/1.x configurations), when presented with two content-lengths headers, Jetty ignored the second. When presented with a content-length and a chunked encoding header, the content-length was ignored (as per RFC 2616). If an intermediary decided on the shorter length, but still passed on the longer body, then body content could be interpreted by Jetty as a pipelined request. If the intermediary was imposing authorization, the fake pipelined request would bypass that authorization.
Aliases
Aliases
{ "GSD": { "alias": "CVE-2017-7658", "description": "In Eclipse Jetty Server, versions 9.2.x and older, 9.3.x (all non HTTP/1.x configurations), and 9.4.x (all HTTP/1.x configurations), when presented with two content-lengths headers, Jetty ignored the second. When presented with a content-length and a chunked encoding header, the content-length was ignored (as per RFC 2616). If an intermediary decided on the shorter length, but still passed on the longer body, then body content could be interpreted by Jetty as a pipelined request. If the intermediary was imposing authorization, the fake pipelined request would bypass that authorization.", "id": "GSD-2017-7658", "references": [ "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-7658.html", "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4278", "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:3779" ] }, "gsd": { "metadata": { "exploitCode": "unknown", "remediation": "unknown", "reportConfidence": "confirmed", "type": "vulnerability" }, "osvSchema": { "aliases": [ "CVE-2017-7658" ], "details": "In Eclipse Jetty Server, versions 9.2.x and older, 9.3.x (all non HTTP/1.x configurations), and 9.4.x (all HTTP/1.x configurations), when presented with two content-lengths headers, Jetty ignored the second. When presented with a content-length and a chunked encoding header, the content-length was ignored (as per RFC 2616). If an intermediary decided on the shorter length, but still passed on the longer body, then body content could be interpreted by Jetty as a pipelined request. If the intermediary was imposing authorization, the fake pipelined request would bypass that authorization.", "id": "GSD-2017-7658", "modified": "2023-12-13T01:21:06.591741Z", "schema_version": "1.4.0" } }, "namespaces": { "cve.org": { "CVE_data_meta": { "ASSIGNER": "security@eclipse.org", "ID": "CVE-2017-7658", "STATE": "PUBLIC" }, "affects": { "vendor": { "vendor_data": [ { "product": { "product_data": [ { "product_name": "Eclipse Jetty", "version": { "version_data": [ { "version_affected": "\u003c", "version_value": "9.2.25" }, { "version_affected": "\u003e=", "version_value": "9.3.0" }, { "version_affected": "\u003c", "version_value": "9.3.24" }, { "version_affected": "\u003e=", "version_value": "9.4.0" }, { "version_affected": "\u003c", "version_value": "9.4.11" } ] } } ] }, "vendor_name": "The Eclipse Foundation" } ] } }, "data_format": "MITRE", "data_type": "CVE", "data_version": "4.0", "description": { "description_data": [ { "lang": "eng", "value": "In Eclipse Jetty Server, versions 9.2.x and older, 9.3.x (all non HTTP/1.x configurations), and 9.4.x (all HTTP/1.x configurations), when presented with two content-lengths headers, Jetty ignored the second. When presented with a content-length and a chunked encoding header, the content-length was ignored (as per RFC 2616). If an intermediary decided on the shorter length, but still passed on the longer body, then body content could be interpreted by Jetty as a pipelined request. If the intermediary was imposing authorization, the fake pipelined request would bypass that authorization." } ] }, "problemtype": { "problemtype_data": [ { "description": [ { "lang": "eng", "value": "CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request Smuggling\u0027)" } ] } ] }, "references": { "reference_data": [ { "name": "DSA-4278", "refsource": "DEBIAN", "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4278" }, { "name": "1041194", "refsource": "SECTRACK", "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041194" }, { "name": "106566", "refsource": "BID", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106566" }, { "name": "[lucene-solr-user] 20190104 Re: SOLR v7 Security Issues Caused Denial of Use - Sonatype Application Composition Report", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/708d94141126eac03011144a971a6411fcac16d9c248d1d535a39451@%3Csolr-user.lucene.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[activemq-issues] 20190820 [jira] [Created] (AMQ-7279) Security Vulnerabilities in Libraries - jackson-databind-2.9.8.jar, tomcat-servlet-api-8.0.53.jar, tomcat-websocket-api-8.0.53.jar, zookeeper-3.4.6.jar, guava-18.0.jar, jetty-all-9.2.26.v20180806.jar, scala-library-2.11.0.jar", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/053d9ce4d579b02203db18545fee5e33f35f2932885459b74d1e4272@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20191115 [GitHub] [incubator-druid] ccaominh opened a new pull request #8878: Address security vulnerabilities", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/9317fd092b257a0815434b116a8af8daea6e920b6673f4fd5583d5fe@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html" }, { "name": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html", "refsource": "MISC", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html" }, { "name": "[bookkeeper-issues] 20200729 [GitHub] [bookkeeper] padma81 opened a new issue #2387: Security vulnerabilities in the apache/bookkeeper-4.9.2 image", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1b103833cb5bc8466e24ff0ecc5e75b45a705334ab6a444e64e840a0@%3Cissues.bookkeeper.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html", "refsource": "MISC", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html" }, { "name": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20181014-0001/", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20181014-0001/" }, { "name": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbst03953en_us", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbst03953en_us" }, { "name": "https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=535669", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=535669" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20210226 [GitHub] [druid] kingnj opened a new issue #10926: Hello, are there any plans to fix the CVE-2017-7657 and CVE-2017-7658 vulnerabilities of Jetty", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra6f956ed4ec2855583b2d0c8b4802b450f593d37b77509b48cd5d574@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20210304 [GitHub] [druid] suneet-s commented on issue #10926: Hello, are there any plans to fix the CVE-2017-7657 and CVE-2017-7658 vulnerabilities of Jetty", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r41af10c4adec8d34a969abeb07fd0d6ad0c86768b751464f1cdd23e8@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20210304 [GitHub] [druid] suneet-s closed issue #10926: Hello, are there any plans to fix the CVE-2017-7657 and CVE-2017-7658 vulnerabilities of Jetty", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9159c9e7ec9eac1613da2dbaddbc15691a13d4dbb2c8be974f42e6ae@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html", "refsource": "MISC", "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html" } ] } }, "gitlab.com": { "advisories": [ { "affected_range": "(,9.2.26],[9.3.0,9.3.24),[9.4.0,9.4.11)", "affected_versions": "All versions up to 9.2.26, all versions starting from 9.3.0 before 9.3.24, all versions starting from 9.4.0 before 9.4.11", "cvss_v2": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "cwe_ids": [ "CWE-1035", "CWE-444", "CWE-937" ], "date": "2019-10-03", "description": "If an intermediary decided on the shorter length, but still passed on the longer body, then body content could be interpreted by Jetty as a pipelined request. If the intermediary was imposing authorization, the fake pipelined request would bypass that authorization.", "fixed_versions": [ "9.2.26.v20180806", "9.3.24.v20180605", "9.4.11.v20180605" ], "identifier": "CVE-2017-7658", "identifiers": [ "CVE-2017-7658" ], "not_impacted": "All versions after 9.2.26 before 9.3.0, all versions starting from 9.3.24 before 9.4.0, all versions starting from 9.4.11", "package_slug": "maven/org.eclipse.jetty/jetty-server", "pubdate": "2018-06-26", "solution": "Upgrade to versions 9.2.26.v20180806, 9.3.24.v20180605, 9.4.11.v20180605 or above.", "title": "Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (HTTP Request Smuggling)", "urls": [ "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7658", "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041194" ], "uuid": "0d19f715-9da2-4cf6-b020-1b5fd283fb2a" } ] }, "nvd.nist.gov": { "configurations": { "CVE_data_version": "4.0", "nodes": [ { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:eclipse:jetty:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndExcluding": "9.4.11", "versionStartIncluding": "9.4.0", "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:eclipse:jetty:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndExcluding": "9.3.24", "versionStartIncluding": "9.3.0", "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:eclipse:jetty:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndIncluding": "9.2.26", "vulnerable": true } ], "operator": "OR" }, { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true } ], "operator": "OR" }, { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:rest_data_services:11.2.0.4:*:*:*:-:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:rest_data_services:12.1.0.2:*:*:*:-:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:rest_data_services:12.2.0.1:*:*:*:-:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:rest_data_services:18c:*:*:*:-:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_payment:3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true } ], "operator": "OR" }, { "children": [ { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:hp:xp_p9000_command_view:*:*:*:*:advanced:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndIncluding": "8.6.2-00", "versionStartIncluding": "8.4.0-00", "vulnerable": true } ], "operator": "OR" }, { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:hp:xp_p9000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": false } ], "operator": "OR" } ], "cpe_match": [], "operator": "AND" }, { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:e-series_santricity_management:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:e-series_santricity_os_controller:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndIncluding": "11.50.1", "versionStartIncluding": "11.0", "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:e-series_santricity_web_services:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_management_node:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_storage_node:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_system_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndIncluding": "3.1.3", "versionStartIncluding": "3.0", "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_unified_manager_for_7-mode:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:santricity_cloud_connector:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snap_creator_framework:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapcenter:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:oracle:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:sap:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:solidfire:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:netapp:storage_services_connector:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true } ], "operator": "OR" } ] }, "cve": { "CVE_data_meta": { "ASSIGNER": "security@eclipse.org", "ID": "CVE-2017-7658" }, "data_format": "MITRE", "data_type": "CVE", "data_version": "4.0", "description": { "description_data": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In Eclipse Jetty Server, versions 9.2.x and older, 9.3.x (all non HTTP/1.x configurations), and 9.4.x (all HTTP/1.x configurations), when presented with two content-lengths headers, Jetty ignored the second. When presented with a content-length and a chunked encoding header, the content-length was ignored (as per RFC 2616). If an intermediary decided on the shorter length, but still passed on the longer body, then body content could be interpreted by Jetty as a pipelined request. If the intermediary was imposing authorization, the fake pipelined request would bypass that authorization." } ] }, "problemtype": { "problemtype_data": [ { "description": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "CWE-444" } ] } ] }, "references": { "reference_data": [ { "name": "https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=535669", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "tags": [ "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=535669" }, { "name": "1041194", "refsource": "SECTRACK", "tags": [ "Third Party Advisory", "VDB Entry" ], "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041194" }, { "name": "DSA-4278", "refsource": "DEBIAN", "tags": [ "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4278" }, { "name": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20181014-0001/", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "tags": [ "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20181014-0001/" }, { "name": "106566", "refsource": "BID", "tags": [ "Third Party Advisory", "VDB Entry" ], "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106566" }, { "name": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "tags": [ "Patch", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html" }, { "name": "[activemq-issues] 20190820 [jira] [Created] (AMQ-7279) Security Vulnerabilities in Libraries - jackson-databind-2.9.8.jar, tomcat-servlet-api-8.0.53.jar, tomcat-websocket-api-8.0.53.jar, zookeeper-3.4.6.jar, guava-18.0.jar, jetty-all-9.2.26.v20180806.jar, scala-library-2.11.0.jar", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [ "Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/053d9ce4d579b02203db18545fee5e33f35f2932885459b74d1e4272@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbst03953en_us", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "tags": [ "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbst03953en_us" }, { "name": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html", "refsource": "MISC", "tags": [ "Patch", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html" }, { "name": "[lucene-solr-user] 20190104 Re: SOLR v7 Security Issues Caused Denial of Use - Sonatype Application Composition Report", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [ "Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/708d94141126eac03011144a971a6411fcac16d9c248d1d535a39451@%3Csolr-user.lucene.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20191115 [GitHub] [incubator-druid] ccaominh opened a new pull request #8878: Address security vulnerabilities", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [ "Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/9317fd092b257a0815434b116a8af8daea6e920b6673f4fd5583d5fe@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[bookkeeper-issues] 20200729 [GitHub] [bookkeeper] padma81 opened a new issue #2387: Security vulnerabilities in the apache/bookkeeper-4.9.2 image", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [ "Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1b103833cb5bc8466e24ff0ecc5e75b45a705334ab6a444e64e840a0@%3Cissues.bookkeeper.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html", "refsource": "MISC", "tags": [ "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20210226 [GitHub] [druid] kingnj opened a new issue #10926: Hello, are there any plans to fix the CVE-2017-7657 and CVE-2017-7658 vulnerabilities of Jetty", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [ "Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra6f956ed4ec2855583b2d0c8b4802b450f593d37b77509b48cd5d574@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20210304 [GitHub] [druid] suneet-s closed issue #10926: Hello, are there any plans to fix the CVE-2017-7657 and CVE-2017-7658 vulnerabilities of Jetty", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9159c9e7ec9eac1613da2dbaddbc15691a13d4dbb2c8be974f42e6ae@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "[druid-commits] 20210304 [GitHub] [druid] suneet-s commented on issue #10926: Hello, are there any plans to fix the CVE-2017-7657 and CVE-2017-7658 vulnerabilities of Jetty", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r41af10c4adec8d34a969abeb07fd0d6ad0c86768b751464f1cdd23e8@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E" }, { "name": "N/A", "refsource": "N/A", "tags": [], "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html" } ] } }, "impact": { "baseMetricV2": { "cvssV2": { "accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0" }, "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "severity": "HIGH", "userInteractionRequired": false }, "baseMetricV3": { "cvssV3": { "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1" }, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.9 } }, "lastModifiedDate": "2021-07-20T23:15Z", "publishedDate": "2018-06-26T17:29Z" } } }
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Sightings
Author | Source | Type | Date |
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Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.