gsd-2019-1594
Vulnerability from gsd
Modified
2023-12-13 01:23
Details
A vulnerability in the 802.1X implementation for Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation of Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frames. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted EAPOL frame to an interface on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Layer 2 (L2) forwarding process to restart multiple times, leading to a system-level restart of the device and a DoS condition. Note: This vulnerability affects only NX-OS devices configured with 802.1X functionality. Cisco Nexus 1000V Switch for VMware vSphere devices are affected in versions prior to 5.2(1)SV3(1.4b). Nexus 3000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 3500 Platform Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 2000, 5500, 5600, and 6000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.3(5)N1(1) and 7.1(5)N1(1b). Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 8.2(3). Nexus 9000 Series Fabric Switches in ACI Mode are affected in versions prior to 13.2(1l). Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4).
Aliases
Aliases



{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2019-1594",
    "description": "A vulnerability in the 802.1X implementation for Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation of Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frames. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted EAPOL frame to an interface on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Layer 2 (L2) forwarding process to restart multiple times, leading to a system-level restart of the device and a DoS condition. Note: This vulnerability affects only NX-OS devices configured with 802.1X functionality. Cisco Nexus 1000V Switch for VMware vSphere devices are affected in versions prior to 5.2(1)SV3(1.4b). Nexus 3000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 3500 Platform Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 2000, 5500, 5600, and 6000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.3(5)N1(1) and 7.1(5)N1(1b). Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 8.2(3). Nexus 9000 Series Fabric Switches in ACI Mode are affected in versions prior to 13.2(1l). Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4).",
    "id": "GSD-2019-1594"
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2019-1594"
      ],
      "details": "A vulnerability in the 802.1X implementation for Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation of Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frames. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted EAPOL frame to an interface on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Layer 2 (L2) forwarding process to restart multiple times, leading to a system-level restart of the device and a DoS condition. Note: This vulnerability affects only NX-OS devices configured with 802.1X functionality. Cisco Nexus 1000V Switch for VMware vSphere devices are affected in versions prior to 5.2(1)SV3(1.4b). Nexus 3000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 3500 Platform Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 2000, 5500, 5600, and 6000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.3(5)N1(1) and 7.1(5)N1(1b). Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 8.2(3). Nexus 9000 Series Fabric Switches in ACI Mode are affected in versions prior to 13.2(1l). Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4).",
      "id": "GSD-2019-1594",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:23:51.290745Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
    "cve.org": {
      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "psirt@cisco.com",
        "DATE_PUBLIC": "2019-03-06T16:00:00-0800",
        "ID": "CVE-2019-1594",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC",
        "TITLE": "Cisco NX-OS Software 802.1X Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN Denial of Service Vulnerability"
      },
      "affects": {
        "vendor": {
          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
                "product_data": [
                  {
                    "product_name": "Nexus 1000V Switch for VMware vSphere",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "5.2(1)SV3(1.4b)"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "product_name": "Nexus 3000 Series Switches",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "7.0(3)I7(4)"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "product_name": "Nexus 3500 Platform Switches",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "7.0(3)I7(4)"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "product_name": "Nexus 2000, 5500, 5600, and 6000 Series Switches",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "7.3(5)N1(1)"
                        },
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "7.1(5)N1(1b)"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "product_name": "Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "8.2(3)"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "product_name": "Nexus 9000 Series Fabric Switches in ACI Mode",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "13.2(1l)"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "product_name": "Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "affected": "\u003c",
                          "version_value": "7.0(3)I7(4)"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "Cisco"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "A vulnerability in the 802.1X implementation for Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation of Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frames. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted EAPOL frame to an interface on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Layer 2 (L2) forwarding process to restart multiple times, leading to a system-level restart of the device and a DoS condition. Note: This vulnerability affects only NX-OS devices configured with 802.1X functionality. Cisco Nexus 1000V Switch for VMware vSphere devices are affected in versions prior to 5.2(1)SV3(1.4b). Nexus 3000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 3500 Platform Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 2000, 5500, 5600, and 6000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.3(5)N1(1) and 7.1(5)N1(1b). Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 8.2(3). Nexus 9000 Series Fabric Switches in ACI Mode are affected in versions prior to 13.2(1l). Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4)."
          }
        ]
      },
      "exploit": [
        {
          "lang": "eng",
          "value": "The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory. "
        }
      ],
      "impact": {
        "cvss": {
          "baseScore": "7.4",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H ",
          "version": "3.0"
        }
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "CWE-264"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "107325",
            "refsource": "BID",
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107325"
          },
          {
            "name": "20190306 Cisco NX-OS Software 802.1X Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN Denial of Service Vulnerability",
            "refsource": "CISCO",
            "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190306-nx-os-lan-auth"
          }
        ]
      },
      "source": {
        "advisory": "cisco-sa-20190306-nx-os-lan-auth",
        "defect": [
          [
            "CSCvi93959",
            "CSCvj22443",
            "CSCvj22446",
            "CSCvj22447",
            "CSCvj22449"
          ]
        ],
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
      }
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.2\\(1\\)sv3\\(1.4b\\)",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_1000v:-:*:*:*:*:vmware_vsphere:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "7.0\\(3\\)i7\\(4\\)",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "7.0\\(3\\)i7",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "7.1\\(5\\)n1\\(1b\\)",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_2000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_5500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_5600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_6000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "8.3\\(1\\)",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "8.3",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7700:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "13.2\\(1l\\)",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_9000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "7.0\\(3\\)i7\\(4\\)",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "7.0\\(3\\)i7",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_9000_in_standalone_nx-os_mode:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "7.3\\(5\\)n1\\(1\\)",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "7.2",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_2000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_5600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_6000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_5500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "8.2\\(3\\)",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "8.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7700:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "7.3\\(3\\)d1\\(1\\)",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "7.2",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7700:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          },
          {
            "children": [
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.2\\(20a\\)",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              },
              {
                "children": [],
                "cpe_match": [
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_7700:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "cpe_name": [],
                    "vulnerable": false
                  }
                ],
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ],
            "cpe_match": [],
            "operator": "AND"
          }
        ]
      },
      "cve": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "psirt@cisco.com",
          "ID": "CVE-2019-1594"
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "A vulnerability in the 802.1X implementation for Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation of Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frames. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted EAPOL frame to an interface on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Layer 2 (L2) forwarding process to restart multiple times, leading to a system-level restart of the device and a DoS condition. Note: This vulnerability affects only NX-OS devices configured with 802.1X functionality. Cisco Nexus 1000V Switch for VMware vSphere devices are affected in versions prior to 5.2(1)SV3(1.4b). Nexus 3000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 3500 Platform Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4). Nexus 2000, 5500, 5600, and 6000 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 7.3(5)N1(1) and 7.1(5)N1(1b). Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 8.2(3). Nexus 9000 Series Fabric Switches in ACI Mode are affected in versions prior to 13.2(1l). Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4)."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CWE-20"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "20190306 Cisco NX-OS Software 802.1X Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN Denial of Service Vulnerability",
              "refsource": "CISCO",
              "tags": [
                "Patch",
                "Vendor Advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190306-nx-os-lan-auth"
            },
            {
              "name": "107325",
              "refsource": "BID",
              "tags": [
                "Third Party Advisory",
                "VDB Entry"
              ],
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107325"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "impact": {
        "baseMetricV2": {
          "acInsufInfo": false,
          "cvssV2": {
            "accessComplexity": "LOW",
            "accessVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
            "authentication": "NONE",
            "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "baseScore": 6.1,
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "AV:A/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 6.5,
          "impactScore": 6.9,
          "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
          "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
          "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
          "severity": "MEDIUM",
          "userInteractionRequired": false
        },
        "baseMetricV3": {
          "cvssV3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.4,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
          "impactScore": 4.0
        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2019-10-09T23:47Z",
      "publishedDate": "2019-03-06T22:29Z"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading...

Loading...

Loading...

Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.