{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "names": [
          "Nicolai Gr\u00f8dum",
          "Sofia Lindqvist"
        ],
        "organization": "PwC Norway",
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Disclosure is not limited",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided \"as is\" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.",
        "title": "Legal Notice"
      },
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to access the device using hardcoded credentials and download cleartext username and passwords.",
        "title": "Risk evaluation"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Energy, Water and Wastewater Systems, Transportation Systems",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Worldwide",
        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Sweden",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "coordinator",
      "contact_details": "central@cisa.dhs.gov",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-24-151-04 JSON",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2024/icsa-24-151-04.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICSA Advisory ICSA-24-151-04 - Web Version",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-151-04"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/sites/default/files/publications/emailscams0905.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/tips/ST04-014"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Westermo EDW-100",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2024-05-30T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "generator": {
        "engine": {
          "name": "CISA CSAF Generator",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "id": "ICSA-24-151-04",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-05-30T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2024-05-30T06:00:00.000000Z",
          "legacy_version": "Initial",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Initial Publication"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "vers:all/*",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Westermo EDW-100: vers:all/*",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "EDW-100"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Westermo"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2024-36080",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-259",
        "name": "Use of Hard-coded Password"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Westermo EDW-100 has a hidden administrator account with a hardcoded password. In the firmware package, in \"image.bin\", the username root and the password for this account are both hard-coded and exposed as strings that can trivially be extracted. Currently there is no way to change this password.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "web.nvd.nist.gov",
          "url": "http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2024-36080"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "To mitigate the risks associated with these vulnerabilities, Westermo recommends:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Network segregation, perimeter protection, network to network protection, and physical security measures. EDW-100 functions as an industrial serial to ethernet converter. This means that EDW-100 does not in itself have any of the protective measures you require in a modern security posture, EDW-100 should not be placed at the edge of the network but instead deployed using the techniques mentioned in the IEC 62443 standard.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "This means the use of network segregation and perimeter protection which can be accomplished by for example deploying a firewall and the use of VLANs.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "If data needs to flow into, or out of, the security zone containing EDW-100 it is important to have network to network protection enabled which for example can be applied with a Virtual Private Network (VPN).",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "It is also crucial to have physical security measures put in place as the unit can be vulnerable to physical attacks and tampering. A recommendation to mitigate this risk is to place the unit in a separate enclosure with locks and alarms if it opened outside of normal maintenance.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "While the unit\u0027s design characteristics may necessitate extra precautions, implementing the suggested countermeasures ensures a secure deployment that effectively addresses associated risks.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Westermo recommends replacing EDW-100 with Lynx DSS L105-S1. For further reference see 5-Port Managed Industrial Device Server Switch | L105-S1 \u1408 Westermo.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.westermo.com/products/ethernet-switches/layer-2/l105-s1"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2024-36081",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-522",
        "name": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Westermo EDW-100 allows an unauthenticated GET request that can download the configuration-file that contains the configuration, username, and passwords in clear-text.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "web.nvd.nist.gov",
          "url": "http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2024-36081"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "To mitigate the risks associated with these vulnerabilities, Westermo recommends:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Network segregation, perimeter protection, network to network protection, and physical security measures. EDW-100 functions as an industrial serial to ethernet converter. This means that EDW-100 does not in itself have any of the protective measures you require in a modern security posture, EDW-100 should not be placed at the edge of the network but instead deployed using the techniques mentioned in the IEC 62443 standard.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "This means the use of network segregation and perimeter protection which can be accomplished by for example deploying a firewall and the use of VLANs.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "If data needs to flow into, or out of, the security zone containing EDW-100 it is important to have network to network protection enabled which for example can be applied with a Virtual Private Network (VPN).",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "It is also crucial to have physical security measures put in place as the unit can be vulnerable to physical attacks and tampering. A recommendation to mitigate this risk is to place the unit in a separate enclosure with locks and alarms if it opened outside of normal maintenance.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "While the unit\u0027s design characteristics may necessitate extra precautions, implementing the suggested countermeasures ensures a secure deployment that effectively addresses associated risks.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Westermo recommends replacing EDW-100 with Lynx DSS L105-S1. For further reference see 5-Port Managed Industrial Device Server Switch | L105-S1 \u1408 Westermo.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.westermo.com/products/ethernet-switches/layer-2/l105-s1"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}