{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "organization": "Hitachi Energy PSIRT",
        "summary": "reporting this vulnerability to CISA."
      }
    ],
    "aggregate_severity": {
      "namespace": "https://www.first.org/cvss/specification-document",
      "text": "HIGH"
    },
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Disclosure is not limited",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Hitachi Energy is aware of a vulnerability that affects the Relion 670/650 and SAM600-IO series IED device versions that are listed in this document. An authenticated attacker successfully exploiting this vulnerability via FTP access can cause the device to reboot due to improper disk space management.\nPlease refer to the Recommended Immediate Actions for information about the mitigation/remediation.",
        "title": "Summary"
      },
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Hitachi Energy. Hitachi Energy provides no warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, for the information contained in this document, and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. In no event shall Hitachi Energy or any of its suppliers be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages of any nature or kind arising from the use of this document, or from the use of any hardware or software described in this document, even if Hitachi Energy or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. This document and parts hereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from Hitachi Energy and the contents hereof must not be imparted to a third party nor used for any unauthorized purpose. All rights to registrations and trademarks reside with their respective owners.",
        "title": "Notice"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "For additional information and support please contact your product provider or Hitachi Energy service organization. For contact information, see https://www.hitachienergy.com/contact-us/ for Hitachi Energy contact-centers.",
        "title": "Support"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Recommended security practices and firewall configurations can help protect a process control network from attacks that originate from outside the network. Such practices include that process control systems are physically protected from direct access by unauthorized personnel, have no direct connections to the Internet, and are separated from other networks by means of a firewall system that has a minimal number of ports exposed, and others that have to be evaluated case by case. Process control systems should not be used for Internet surfing, instant messaging, or receiving e-mails. Portable computers and removable storage media should be carefully scanned for viruses before they are connected to a control system. Proper password policies and processes should be followed.\nIt is highly recommended to deploy the product following the \u201cRelion 670 series Version 2.2 IEC Cybersecurity deployment guideline\u201d document.",
        "title": "General Mitigation Factors"
      },
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided \"as is\" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.",
        "title": "Legal Notice"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "This ICSA is a verbatim republication of Hitachi Energy PSIRT 8DBD000216 from a direct conversion of their vendor\u0027s Common Security Advisory Framework (CSAF) advisory. This is republished to CISA\u0027s website as a means of increasing visibility and is provided \"as-is\" for informational purposes only. CISA is not responsible for the editorial or technical accuracy of republished advisories and provides no warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within this advisory.  Further, CISA does not endorse any commercial product or service.  Please contact Hitachi Energy PSIRT directly for any questions regarding this advisory.",
        "title": "Advisory Conversion Disclaimer"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Energy",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Worldwide",
        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Switzerland",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the exploitation risk of these vulnerabilities.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure they are not accessible from the internet.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolate them from business networks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most recent version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as its connected devices.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "other",
      "contact_details": "central@cisa.dhs.gov",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-25-182-06 JSON",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-182-06.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "Cybersecurity Advisory - DoS Vulnerability in Hitachi Energy\nRelion 670/650 and SAM600-IO series\nproducts",
        "url": "https://publisher.hitachienergy.com/preview?DocumentId=8DBD000216\u0026languageCode=en\u0026Preview=true"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-25-182-06 - Web Version",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-182-06"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Hitachi Energy Relion 670/650 and SAM600-IO Series",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-06-24T12:30:00.000000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-07-01T18:36:30.964388Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "CISA CSAF Generator",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "id": "ICSA-25-182-06",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-06-24T12:30:00.000000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2025-06-24T12:30:00.000000Z",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Initial version."
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "vers:all/\u003e=2.2.6.0|\u003c=2.2.6.2",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 670 series version 2.2.6 revisions up to 2.2.6.2",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 670"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "2.2.5.6",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 670 series version 2.2.5.6",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0002"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 670"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "2.2.4.4",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 670 series version 2.2.4.4",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0003"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 670"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "2.2.3.7",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 670 series version 2.2.3.7",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0004"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 670"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "2.2.2.6",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 670 series version 2.2.2.6",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0005"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 670"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "vers:all/\u003e=2.2.6.0|\u003c=2.2.6.2",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 650 series version 2.2.6 revisions up to 2.2.6.2",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0006"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 650"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "2.2.5.6",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 650 series version 2.2.5.6",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0007"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 650"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "2.2.4.4",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Relion 650 series version 2.2.4.4",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0008"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Relion 650"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "2.2.5.6",
                "product": {
                  "name": "SAM600-IO series version 2.2.5.6",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0009"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "SAM600-IO"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Hitachi Energy"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-2403",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-770",
        "name": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A denial-of-service vulnerability due to improper prioritization of network traffic over protection mechanism exists in Relion 670/650 and SAM600-IO series device that if exploited could potentially cause critical functions like LDCM (Line Distance Communication Module) to malfunction.",
          "title": "CVE Description"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001",
          "CSAFPID-0002",
          "CSAFPID-0003",
          "CSAFPID-0004",
          "CSAFPID-0005",
          "CSAFPID-0006",
          "CSAFPID-0007",
          "CSAFPID-0008",
          "CSAFPID-0009"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "NVD CVE Detail",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2403"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Fixed in version 2.2.6.3. Update to version 2.2.6.4 (when available) or latest",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0006"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Fixed in version 2.2.5.7. Update to version 2.2.5.8 or latest",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0009"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Update to version 2.2.4.5 or latest",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0008"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Apply general mitigation factors",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "environmentalScore": 7.5,
            "environmentalSeverity": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "temporalScore": 7.5,
            "temporalSeverity": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "CVE-2025-2403"
    }
  ]
}