PYSEC-2026-2123
Vulnerability from pysec - Published: 2026-03-23 19:16 - Updated: 2026-07-13 05:48cbor2 provides encoding and decoding for the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) serialization format. Versions prior to 5.9.0 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack caused by uncontrolled recursion when decoding deeply nested CBOR structures. This vulnerability affects both the pure Python implementation and the C extension _cbor2. The C extension relies on Python's internal recursion limits Py_EnterRecursiveCall rather than a data-driven depth limit, meaning it still raises RecursionError and crashes the worker process when the limit is hit. While the library handles moderate nesting levels, it lacks a hard depth limit. An attacker can supply a crafted CBOR payload containing approximately 100,000 nested arrays 0x81. When cbor2.loads() attempts to parse this, it hits the Python interpreter's maximum recursion depth or exhausts the stack, causing the process to crash with a RecursionError. Because the library does not enforce its own limits, it allows an external attacker to exhaust the host application's stack resource. In many web application servers (e.g., Gunicorn, Uvicorn) or task queues (Celery), an unhandled RecursionError terminates the worker process immediately. By sending a stream of these small (<100KB) malicious packets, an attacker can repeatedly crash worker processes, resulting in a complete Denial of Service for the application. Version 5.9.0 patches the issue.
| Name | purl | cbor2 | pkg:pypi/cbor2 |
|---|
{
"affected": [
{
"ecosystem_specific": {},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "cbor2",
"purl": "pkg:pypi/cbor2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.9.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"1.0.0",
"1.1.0",
"2.0.0",
"3.0.0",
"3.0.1",
"3.0.2",
"3.0.3",
"3.0.4",
"4.0.0",
"4.0.1",
"4.1.0",
"4.1.1",
"4.1.2",
"5.0.0",
"5.0.1",
"5.1.0",
"5.1.1",
"5.1.2",
"5.2.0",
"5.2.0.post1",
"5.3.0",
"5.4.0",
"5.4.1",
"5.4.2",
"5.4.2.post1",
"5.4.3",
"5.4.4",
"5.4.5",
"5.4.6",
"5.5.0",
"5.5.1",
"5.6.0",
"5.6.1",
"5.6.2",
"5.6.3",
"5.6.4",
"5.6.5",
"5.7.0",
"5.7.1",
"5.8.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26209",
"GHSA-3c37-wwvx-h642"
],
"details": "cbor2 provides encoding and decoding for the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) serialization format. Versions prior to 5.9.0 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack caused by uncontrolled recursion when decoding deeply nested CBOR structures. This vulnerability affects both the pure Python implementation and the C extension `_cbor2`. The C extension relies on Python\u0027s internal recursion limits `Py_EnterRecursiveCall` rather than a data-driven depth limit, meaning it still raises `RecursionError` and crashes the worker process when the limit is hit. While the library handles moderate nesting levels, it lacks a hard depth limit. An attacker can supply a crafted CBOR payload containing approximately 100,000 nested arrays `0x81`. When `cbor2.loads()` attempts to parse this, it hits the Python interpreter\u0027s maximum recursion depth or exhausts the stack, causing the process to crash with a `RecursionError`. Because the library does not enforce its own limits, it allows an external attacker to exhaust the host application\u0027s stack resource. In many web application servers (e.g., Gunicorn, Uvicorn) or task queues (Celery), an unhandled `RecursionError` terminates the worker process immediately. By sending a stream of these small (\u003c100KB) malicious packets, an attacker can repeatedly crash worker processes, resulting in a complete Denial of Service for the application. Version 5.9.0 patches the issue.",
"id": "PYSEC-2026-2123",
"modified": "2026-07-13T05:48:11.115084Z",
"published": "2026-03-23T19:16:39.530Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/agronholm/cbor2/releases/tag/5.9.0"
},
{
"type": "FIX",
"url": "https://github.com/agronholm/cbor2/commit/e61a5f365ba610d5907a0ae1bc72769bba34294b"
},
{
"type": "FIX",
"url": "https://github.com/agronholm/cbor2/pull/275"
},
{
"type": "EVIDENCE",
"url": "https://github.com/agronholm/cbor2/security/advisories/GHSA-3c37-wwvx-h642"
}
],
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.