RHSA-2025:22034

Vulnerability from csaf_redhat - Published: 2025-11-25 07:36 - Updated: 2025-12-04 23:14
Summary
Red Hat Security Advisory: expat security update

Notes

Topic
An update for expat is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.
Details
Expat is a C library for parsing XML documents. Security Fix(es): * libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat (CVE-2024-8176) * expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing (CVE-2025-59375) For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.
Terms of Use
This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original.
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          "organization": "Google Project Zero"
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          "text": "2310137"
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        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A stack overflow vulnerability exists in the libexpat library due to the way it handles recursive entity expansion in XML documents. When parsing an XML document with deeply nested entity references, libexpat can be forced to recurse indefinitely, exhausting the stack space and causing a crash. This issue could lead to denial of service (DoS) or, in some cases, exploitable memory corruption, depending on the environment and library usage.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "All supported Red Hat offerings are built with the compilation flag (-fstack-clash-protection) which reduces the impact to Moderate. This build configuration blocks the possibility of an attacker gaining arbitrary code execution even if a stack-clash vulnerability, like this one, could be exploited.\n\nThis vulnerability is rated Moderate because Red Hat builds use the `-fstack-clash-protection` compiler flag, which mitigates the risk of arbitrary code execution from stack overflows. While the flaw allows a crash via uncontrolled recursion in XML parsing, the hardened stack layout prevents reliable memory corruption, limiting the impact to a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario.\n\nWithin regulated environments, a combination of the following controls acts as a significant barrier to successfully exploiting a CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability and therefore downgrades the severity of this particular CVE from Moderate to Low.\n\nInput validation controls ensure that inputs triggering recursion are validated to stay within safe limits, which reduces the risk of infinite or excessive recursion. The implementation of least functionality on the platform further restricts potential impacts of recursions by disabling unnecessary recursive functions or features, thus reducing the available pathways for a would-be attacker. The inclusion of developer testing and evaluation ensures that recursive functions are tested and that safeguards like error handling are in place. In the case of successful exploitation, detection and containment controls are in place to limit impacts by alerting on anomalous system behavior in real time, while process isolation can limit impacts to a single process.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
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          "summary": "Canonical URL",
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          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8176"
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        {
          "category": "external",
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues/893",
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          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2395108"
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        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A memory amplification vulnerability in libexpat allows attackers to trigger excessive dynamic memory allocations by submitting specially crafted XML input. A small input (~250 KiB) can cause the parser to allocate hundreds of megabytes, leading to denial-of-service (DoS) through memory exhaustion.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "This issue is Important rather than Critical because, while it allows for significant resource exhaustion leading to denial-of-service (DoS), it does not enable arbitrary code execution, data leakage, or privilege escalation. The vulnerability stems from an uncontrolled memory amplification behavior in libexpat\u2019s parser, where a relatively small XML payload can cause disproportionately large heap allocations. However, the flaw is limited in scope to service disruption and requires the attacker to submit a crafted XML document\u2014something that can be mitigated with proper input validation and memory usage limits. Therefore, while the exploitability is high, the impact is confined to availability, not confidentiality or integrity, making it a high-severity but not critical flaw.\n\nIn Firefox and Thunderbird, where libexpat is a transitive userspace dependency, exploitation usually just crashes the application (app-level DoS), so it is classify as Moderate instead of Important.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
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          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-59375"
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          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2395108"
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          "summary": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/blob/676a4c531ec768732fac215da9730b5f50fbd2bf/expat/Changes#L45-L74",
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          "date": "2025-11-25T07:36:20+00:00",
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            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
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            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-debuginfo-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.i686",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-debuginfo-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.ppc64le",
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            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-debugsource-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.ppc64le",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-debugsource-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.s390x",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-debugsource-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.x86_64",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-devel-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.aarch64",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-devel-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.i686",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-devel-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.ppc64le",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-devel-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.s390x",
            "BaseOS-9.2.0.Z.E4S:expat-devel-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.3.x86_64"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Important"
        }
      ],
      "title": "expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing"
    }
  ]
}


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Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.