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rlsa-2026:36956
Vulnerability from osv_rocky
Published
2026-07-11 12:05
Modified
2026-07-22 18:07
Summary
Important: kernel security update
Details
The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.
Security Fix(es):
-
kernel: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change (CVE-2025-71066)
-
kernel: sctp: revalidate list cursor after sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() in SCTP_SENDALL (CVE-2026-46227)
-
kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN (CVE-2026-46113)
-
kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role (CVE-2026-53359)
For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Credits
Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation
Red Hat
References
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Rocky Linux:10",
"name": "kernel",
"purl": "pkg:rpm/rocky-linux/kernel?distro=rocky-linux-10\u0026epoch=0"
},
"ranges": [
{
"database_specific": {
"yum_repository": "BaseOS"
},
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0:6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"name": "Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation"
},
{
"name": "Red Hat"
}
],
"details": "The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* kernel: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change (CVE-2025-71066)\n\n* kernel: sctp: revalidate list cursor after sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() in SCTP_SENDALL (CVE-2026-46227)\n\n* kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN (CVE-2026-46113)\n\n* kernel: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role (CVE-2026-53359)\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.",
"id": "RLSA-2026:36956",
"modified": "2026-07-22T18:07:25.729479Z",
"published": "2026-07-11T12:05:28.871633Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://errata.rockylinux.org/RLSA-2026:36956"
},
{
"type": "REPORT",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2429036"
},
{
"type": "REPORT",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482587"
},
{
"type": "REPORT",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482564"
},
{
"type": "REPORT",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2497033"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.7.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Important: kernel security update",
"upstream": [
"CVE-2025-71066",
"CVE-2026-46113",
"CVE-2026-46227",
"CVE-2026-53359"
]
}
CVE-2025-71066 (GCVE-0-2025-71066)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-23 16:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change
zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com says:
The vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and
`ets_qdisc_change`. It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object.
Attacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace
in order to trigger the bug.
See my additional commentary at the end of the analysis.
Analysis:
static int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
...
// (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`)
//to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`)
sch_tree_lock(sch);
for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) {
if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen)
list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist);
qdisc_purge_queue(q->classes[i].qdisc);
}
WRITE_ONCE(q->nbands, nbands);
for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) {
if (q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) {
// (2) the class is added to the q->active
list_add_tail(&q->classes[i].alist, &q->active);
q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i];
}
}
WRITE_ONCE(q->nstrict, nstrict);
memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap));
for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++)
WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]);
for (i = oldbands; i < q->nbands; i++) {
q->classes[i].qdisc = queues[i];
if (q->classes[i].qdisc != &noop_qdisc)
qdisc_hash_add(q->classes[i].qdisc, true);
}
// (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel
// to the rest of .change handler
sch_tree_unlock(sch);
ets_offload_change(sch);
for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) {
// (4) we're reducing the refcount for our class's qdisc and
// freeing it
qdisc_put(q->classes[i].qdisc);
// (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have
// a strong UAF and we can control RIP
q->classes[i].qdisc = NULL;
WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, 0);
q->classes[i].deficit = 0;
gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(&q->classes[i].bstats);
memset(&q->classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q->classes[i].qstats));
}
return 0;
}
Comment:
This happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to
NULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always
removing the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its
associated qdisc
Reproducer Steps
(trimmed version of what was sent by zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com)
```
DEV="${DEV:-lo}"
ROOT_HANDLE="${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}"
BAND2_HANDLE="${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}" # child under 1:2
PING_BYTES="${PING_BYTES:-48}"
PING_COUNT="${PING_COUNT:-200000}"
PING_DST="${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}"
SLOW_TBF_RATE="${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}"
SLOW_TBF_BURST="${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}"
SLOW_TBF_LAT="${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}"
cleanup() {
tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null
}
trap cleanup EXIT
ip link set "$DEV" up
tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null || true
tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2
tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" parent 1:2 handle "$BAND2_HANDLE" \
tbf rate "$SLOW_TBF_RATE" burst "$SLOW_TBF_BURST" latency "$SLOW_TBF_LAT"
tc filter add dev "$DEV" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2
tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV
ping -I "$DEV" -f -c "$PING_COUNT" -s "$PING_BYTES" -W 0.001 "$PING_DST" \
>/dev/null 2>&1 &
tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 0
tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2
tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV
tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" parent
---truncated---
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
ae2659d2c670252759ee9c823c4e039c0e05a6f2 , < 062d5d544e564473450d72e6af83077c2b2ff7c3
(git)
Affected: e25bdbc7e951ae5728fee1f4c09485df113d013c , < c7f6e7cc14df72b997258216e99d897d2df0dbbd (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < a75d617a4ef08682f5cfaadc01d5141c87e019c9 (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < 9987cda315c08f63a02423fa2f9a1f6602c861a0 (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < 06bfb66a7c8b45e3fed01351a4b087410ae5ef39 (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < 45466141da3c98a0c5fa88be0bc14b4b6a4bd75c (git) Affected: de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf , < ce052b9402e461a9aded599f5b47e76bc727f7de (git) Affected: 5.10.83 , < 5.10.248 (semver) Affected: 5.15.6 , < 5.15.198 (semver) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.16
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.16 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.64 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.3 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.19 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
{
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"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
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"options": [
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},
{
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},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-22T03:55:51.470582Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-362",
"description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (\u0027Race Condition\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
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"providerMetadata": {
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"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
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{
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}
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"cpeApplicability": [
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change\n\nzdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com says:\n\nThe vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and\n`ets_qdisc_change`. It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object.\nAttacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace\nin order to trigger the bug.\nSee my additional commentary at the end of the analysis.\n\nAnalysis:\n\nstatic int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,\n struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)\n{\n...\n\n // (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`)\n //to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`)\n sch_tree_lock(sch);\n\n for (i = nbands; i \u003c oldbands; i++) {\n if (i \u003e= q-\u003enstrict \u0026\u0026 q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc-\u003eq.qlen)\n list_del_init(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].alist);\n qdisc_purge_queue(q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc);\n }\n\n WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003enbands, nbands);\n for (i = nstrict; i \u003c q-\u003enstrict; i++) {\n if (q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc-\u003eq.qlen) {\n\t\t // (2) the class is added to the q-\u003eactive\n list_add_tail(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].alist, \u0026q-\u003eactive);\n q-\u003eclasses[i].deficit = quanta[i];\n }\n }\n WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003enstrict, nstrict);\n memcpy(q-\u003eprio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap));\n\n for (i = 0; i \u003c q-\u003enbands; i++)\n WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003eclasses[i].quantum, quanta[i]);\n\n for (i = oldbands; i \u003c q-\u003enbands; i++) {\n q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc = queues[i];\n if (q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc != \u0026noop_qdisc)\n qdisc_hash_add(q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc, true);\n }\n\n // (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel\n // to the rest of .change handler\n sch_tree_unlock(sch);\n\n ets_offload_change(sch);\n for (i = q-\u003enbands; i \u003c oldbands; i++) {\n\t // (4) we\u0027re reducing the refcount for our class\u0027s qdisc and\n\t // freeing it\n qdisc_put(q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc);\n\t // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have\n\t // a strong UAF and we can control RIP\n q-\u003eclasses[i].qdisc = NULL;\n WRITE_ONCE(q-\u003eclasses[i].quantum, 0);\n q-\u003eclasses[i].deficit = 0;\n gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].bstats);\n memset(\u0026q-\u003eclasses[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q-\u003eclasses[i].qstats));\n }\n return 0;\n}\n\nComment:\nThis happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to\nNULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always\nremoving the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its\nassociated qdisc\n\nReproducer Steps\n(trimmed version of what was sent by zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com)\n\n```\nDEV=\"${DEV:-lo}\"\nROOT_HANDLE=\"${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}\"\nBAND2_HANDLE=\"${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}\" # child under 1:2\nPING_BYTES=\"${PING_BYTES:-48}\"\nPING_COUNT=\"${PING_COUNT:-200000}\"\nPING_DST=\"${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}\"\n\nSLOW_TBF_RATE=\"${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}\"\nSLOW_TBF_BURST=\"${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}\"\nSLOW_TBF_LAT=\"${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}\"\n\ncleanup() {\n tc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2\u003e/dev/null\n}\ntrap cleanup EXIT\n\nip link set \"$DEV\" up\n\ntc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2\u003e/dev/null || true\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 2\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1:2 handle \"$BAND2_HANDLE\" \\\n tbf rate \"$SLOW_TBF_RATE\" burst \"$SLOW_TBF_BURST\" latency \"$SLOW_TBF_LAT\"\n\ntc filter add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2\ntc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV\n\nping -I \"$DEV\" -f -c \"$PING_COUNT\" -s \"$PING_BYTES\" -W 0.001 \"$PING_DST\" \\\n \u003e/dev/null 2\u003e\u00261 \u0026\ntc qdisc change dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 0\ntc qdisc change dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 2\ntc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV\ntc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" parent \n---truncated---"
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T16:03:01.947Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/062d5d544e564473450d72e6af83077c2b2ff7c3"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7f6e7cc14df72b997258216e99d897d2df0dbbd"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a75d617a4ef08682f5cfaadc01d5141c87e019c9"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9987cda315c08f63a02423fa2f9a1f6602c861a0"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06bfb66a7c8b45e3fed01351a4b087410ae5ef39"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45466141da3c98a0c5fa88be0bc14b4b6a4bd75c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce052b9402e461a9aded599f5b47e76bc727f7de"
}
],
"title": "net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-71066",
"datePublished": "2026-01-13T15:31:21.931Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:30:19.646Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T16:03:01.947Z",
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},
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CVE-2026-46113 (GCVE-0-2026-46113)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 09:35 – Updated: 2026-06-14 17:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN
The shadow MMU computes GFNs for direct shadow pages using sp->gfn plus
the SPTE index. This assumption breaks for shadow paging if the guest
page tables are modified between VM entries (similar to commit
aad885e77496, "KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even
when creating an MMIO SPTE", 2026-03-27). The flow is as follows:
- a PDE is installed for a 2MB mapping, and a page in that area is
accessed. KVM creates a kvm_mmu_page consisting of 512 4KB pages;
the kvm_mmu_page is marked by FNAME(fetch) as direct-mapped because
the guest's mapping is a huge page (and thus contiguous).
- the PDE mapping is changed from outside the guest.
- the guest accesses another page in the same 2MB area. KVM installs
a new leaf SPTE and rmap entry; the SPTE uses the "correct" GFN
(i.e. based on the new mapping, as changed in the previous step) but
that GFN is outside of the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range; therefore
the rmap entry cannot be found and removed when the kvm_mmu_page
is zapped.
- the memslot that covers the first 2MB mapping is deleted, and the
kvm_mmu_page for the now-invalid GPA is zapped. However, rmap_remove()
only looks at the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range established in step 1,
and fails to find the rmap entry that was recorded by step 3.
- any operation that causes an rmap walk for the same page accessed
by step 3 then walks a stale rmap and dereferences a freed kvm_mmu_page.
This includes dirty logging or MMU notifier invalidations (e.g., from
MADV_DONTNEED).
The underlying issue is that KVM's walking of shadow PTEs assumes that
if a SPTE is present when KVM wants to install a non-leaf SPTE, then the
existing kvm_mmu_page must be for the correct gfn. Because the only way
for the gfn to be wrong is if KVM messed up and failed to zap a SPTE...
which shouldn't happen, but *actually* only happens in response to a
guest write.
That bug dates back literally forever, as even the first version of KVM
assumes that the GFN matches and walks into the "wrong" shadow page.
However, that was only an imprecision until 2032a93d66fa ("KVM: MMU:
Don't allocate gfns page for direct mmu pages") came along.
Fix it by checking for a target gfn mismatch and zapping the existing
SPTE. That way the old SP and rmap entries are gone, KVM installs
the rmap in the right location, and everyone is happy.
Severity
8.8 (High)
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < e9d4ea13aa2b6400bb10ec64b370ba3dadcd22f0
(git)
Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 488e386484ec8c0e558be6e156edf34ed9f4d5c8 (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 06c19c967b845b63172601fe459667d973b7e6b7 (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 738ec97b1855df6c08fe2369f798fa0b972e556b (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 14d1e55dfd2cf4711bff164a6aaaddb783552134 (git) Affected: 6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7 , < 0cb2af2ea66ad8ff195c156ea690f11216285bdf (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.20
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.20 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.140 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.88 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.30 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0.7 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN\n\nThe shadow MMU computes GFNs for direct shadow pages using sp-\u003egfn plus\nthe SPTE index. This assumption breaks for shadow paging if the guest\npage tables are modified between VM entries (similar to commit\naad885e77496, \"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even\nwhen creating an MMIO SPTE\", 2026-03-27). The flow is as follows:\n\n- a PDE is installed for a 2MB mapping, and a page in that area is\n accessed. KVM creates a kvm_mmu_page consisting of 512 4KB pages;\n the kvm_mmu_page is marked by FNAME(fetch) as direct-mapped because\n the guest\u0027s mapping is a huge page (and thus contiguous).\n\n- the PDE mapping is changed from outside the guest.\n\n- the guest accesses another page in the same 2MB area. KVM installs\n a new leaf SPTE and rmap entry; the SPTE uses the \"correct\" GFN\n (i.e. based on the new mapping, as changed in the previous step) but\n that GFN is outside of the [sp-\u003egfn, sp-\u003egfn + 511] range; therefore\n the rmap entry cannot be found and removed when the kvm_mmu_page\n is zapped.\n\n- the memslot that covers the first 2MB mapping is deleted, and the\n kvm_mmu_page for the now-invalid GPA is zapped. However, rmap_remove()\n only looks at the [sp-\u003egfn, sp-\u003egfn + 511] range established in step 1,\n and fails to find the rmap entry that was recorded by step 3.\n\n- any operation that causes an rmap walk for the same page accessed\n by step 3 then walks a stale rmap and dereferences a freed kvm_mmu_page.\n This includes dirty logging or MMU notifier invalidations (e.g., from\n MADV_DONTNEED).\n\nThe underlying issue is that KVM\u0027s walking of shadow PTEs assumes that\nif a SPTE is present when KVM wants to install a non-leaf SPTE, then the\nexisting kvm_mmu_page must be for the correct gfn. Because the only way\nfor the gfn to be wrong is if KVM messed up and failed to zap a SPTE...\nwhich shouldn\u0027t happen, but *actually* only happens in response to a\nguest write.\n\nThat bug dates back literally forever, as even the first version of KVM\nassumes that the GFN matches and walks into the \"wrong\" shadow page.\nHowever, that was only an imprecision until 2032a93d66fa (\"KVM: MMU:\nDon\u0027t allocate gfns page for direct mmu pages\") came along.\n\nFix it by checking for a target gfn mismatch and zapping the existing\nSPTE. That way the old SP and rmap entries are gone, KVM installs\nthe rmap in the right location, and everyone is happy."
}
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"title": "KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN",
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"datePublished": "2026-05-28T09:35:23.035Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.098Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-14T17:55:24.179Z",
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CVE-2026-46227 (GCVE-0-2026-46227)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 09:40 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sctp: revalidate list cursor after sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() in SCTP_SENDALL
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sctp: revalidate list cursor after sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() in SCTP_SENDALL
The SCTP_SENDALL path in sctp_sendmsg() iterates ep->asocs with
list_for_each_entry_safe(), which caches the next entry in @tmp before
the loop body runs. The body calls sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc(), which may
drop the socket lock inside sctp_wait_for_sndbuf().
While the lock is dropped, another thread can SCTP_SOCKOPT_PEELOFF the
association cached in @tmp, migrating it to a new endpoint via
sctp_sock_migrate() (list_del_init() + list_add_tail() to
newep->asocs), and optionally close the new socket which frees the
association via kfree_rcu(). The cached @tmp can also be freed by a
network ABORT for that association, processed in softirq while the
lock is dropped.
sctp_wait_for_sndbuf() revalidates @asoc (the current entry) on re-lock
via the "sk != asoc->base.sk" and "asoc->base.dead" checks, but nothing
revalidates @tmp. After a successful return, the iterator advances to
the stale @tmp, yielding either a use-after-free (if the peeled socket
was closed) or a list-walk onto the new endpoint's list head (type
confusion of &newep->asocs as a struct sctp_association *).
Both are reachable from CapEff=0; the type-confusion path gives
controlled indirect call via the outqueue.sched->init_sid pointer.
Fix by re-deriving @tmp from @asoc after sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc()
returns. @asoc is known to still be on ep->asocs at that point: the
only callers that list_del an association from ep->asocs are
sctp_association_free() (which sets asoc->base.dead) and
sctp_assoc_migrate() (which changes asoc->base.sk), and
sctp_wait_for_sndbuf() checks both under the lock before any
successful return; a tripped check propagates as err < 0 and the loop
bails before the re-derive.
The SCTP_ABORT path in sctp_sendmsg_check_sflags() returns 0 and the
loop hits 'continue' before sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() is ever called, so
the @tmp cached by list_for_each_entry_safe() still covers the
lock-held free that ba59fb027307 ("sctp: walk the list of asoc
safely") was added for.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
23 references
Impacted products
19 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < f3a3f0b406b4b7eb3cea35a23fa2bf170848b104
(git)
Affected: 4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < 0dbc8cde64280fc37cdd678cced34eaf96cfb197 (git) Affected: 4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < 0c7b55974f97b78d1109025eadf084e74cbf330f (git) Affected: 4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < 1bfb06ecb00f7fdf35dba8e8f2877346cbe5e078 (git) Affected: 4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < 6187a172d6ed57d6b2c327836e4407c6456e639d (git) Affected: 4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < c9dadb31f36045a8cb65df4bd75e7237ef21a4b5 (git) Affected: 4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < bf0f40d8107e2ce827521968dc6926f3e13728ae (git) Affected: 4910280503f3af2857d5aa77e35b22d93a8960a8 , < abb5f36771cc4c05899b34000829a787572a8817 (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.17
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.17 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.258 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.140 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.90 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.32 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0.9 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:6.12.0-55.82.1.el10_0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-553.140.1.rt7.481.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::nfv |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-553.140.1.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-305.194.1.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-305.194.1.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-372.198.1.el8_6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-372.198.1.el8_6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-477.147.1.el8_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:4.18.0-477.147.1.el8_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:5.14.0-687.22.1.el9_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:5.14.0-284.176.1.el9_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:5.14.0-284.176.1.rt14.461.el9_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::nfv |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:5.14.0-427.132.1.el9_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:5.14.0-570.125.1.el9_6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
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CVE-2026-53359 (GCVE-0-2026-53359)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-04 11:51 – Updated: 2026-07-18 07:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role
Commit 0cb2af2ea66ad ("KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due
to unexpected GFN") fixed a shadow paging mismatch between stored and
computed GFNs; the bug could be triggered by changing a PDE mapping from
outside the guest, and then deleting a memslot. The rmap_remove()
call would miss entries created after the PDE change because the GFN
of the leaf SPTE does not match the GFN of the struct kvm_mmu_page.
A similar hole however remains if the modified PDE points to a non-leaf
page. In this case the gfn can be made to match, but the role does not
match: the original large 2MB page creates a kvm_mmu_page with direct=1,
while the new 4KB needs a kvm_mmu_page with direct=0. However,
kvm_mmu_get_child_sp() does not compare the role, and therefore reuses
the page.
The next step is installing a leaf (4KB) SPTE on the new path which
records an rmap entry under the gfn resolved by the walk. But when
that child is zapped its parent kvm_mmu_page has direct=1 and
kvm_mmu_page_get_gfn() computes the gfn for the 4KB page as
sp->gfn + index instead of using sp->shadowed_translation[] (or sp->gfns[]
in older kernels). It therefore fails to remove the recorded entry.
When the memslot is dropped the shadow page is freed but the rmap
entry survives, as in the scenario that was already fixed. Code that
later walks that gfn (dirty logging, MMU notifier invalidation, and
so on) dereferences an sptep that lies in the freed page, causing the
use-after-free.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < b1337aae5e194324e4810d561764e7793f8b3864
(git)
Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 9291654d69e08542de37755cebe4d5b02c3170d1 (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 2ad3afa40ac6aa340dada122f9abfa46c0a6eb35 (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 5e470998a23e4c3d89ed24e8172cb22747e61efa (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 1ae7d5a6db6c190ce183e3098ca0e0846e14d462 (git) Affected: 2032a93d66fa282ba0f2ea9152eeff9511fa9a96 , < 81ccda30b4e83d8f5cc4fd50503c44e3a33abfeb (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.36
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.36 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.177 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.144 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.95 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.38 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1.3 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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Loading…
Trend slope:
-
(linear fit over daily sighting counts)
Show additional events:
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
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