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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nexfat: fix potential use-after-free in exfat_find_dir_entry()\n\nIn exfat_find_dir_entry(), the buffer_head obtained from\nexfat_get_dentry() is released with brelse(bh) before the fall-through\nTYPE_EXTEND branch reads the directory entry through ep (which points\ninto bh-\u003eb_data):\n\n\tbrelse(bh);\n\tif (entry_type == TYPE_EXTEND) {\n\t\t...\n\t\tlen = exfat_extract_uni_name(ep, entry_uniname);\n\t\t...\n\t}\n\nAfter brelse() drops our reference, nothing guarantees that the\nunderlying page backing bh-\u003eb_data remains valid for the subsequent\nexfat_extract_uni_name() read. This is the same pattern fixed in\ncommit fc961522ddbd (\"exfat: Fix potential use after free in\nexfat_load_upcase_table()\").\n\nMove brelse(bh) so it runs after ep is no longer dereferenced on\neach branch.\n\nConfirmed on QEMU x86_64 with CONFIG_KASAN=y + CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=y\n+ CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING=y on linux-next, using a crafted exFAT image\n(long filename with same-hash collisions forcing the TYPE_EXTEND path).\nWith a debug-only invalidate_bdev() inserted between brelse(bh) and\nthe ep read to make the stale-deref window deterministic, the\nunpatched kernel faults:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in exfat_find_dir_entry+0x133b/0x15a0\n  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffff88801a5fa0c2\n  Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC KASAN NOPTI\n  RIP: 0010:exfat_find_dir_entry+0x1188/0x15a0\n\nWith this patch applied, the same instrumented harness completes\ncleanly under the same sanitizer stack. I have not reproduced a\ncrash on an uninstrumented kernel under ordinary reclaim; the\ninstrumented A/B establishes the lifetime violation and that the\npatch closes it, not an unaided triggerability claim."
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              "value": "AV:N - exfat_find_dir_entry() is invoked during VFS directory lookups on mounted exFAT volumes, reachable remotely when that volume is exported via ksmbd or nfsd (common on NAS/router USB shares). A network client resolving paths on the share triggers server-side exfat_lookup without local shell access.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the crafted exFAT image to force the TYPE_EXTEND code path and can repeatedly trigger lookups (including concurrent SMB/NFS requests and memory pressure) to win the post-brelse buffer reclaim window. UAF lifetime violations are treated as low complexity per kernel guidance.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only access to the mounted exFAT filesystem, not real root; guest/anonymous SMB shares on consumer NAS devices and auto-mounted removable media grant unprivileged attackers filesystem access without elevated kernel credentials.\nUI:N - Once a crafted exFAT image is present on a shared or auto-mounted volume, triggering the bug requires only automated path lookups (SMB OPEN/LOOKUP, openat, statx) with no additional victim interaction beyond normal filesystem access.\nS:U - Successful exploitation compromises kernel memory within the same security authority; this is a standard kernel memory corruption issue, not a cross-boundary escape such as VM guest-to-host breakout.\nC:H - The UAF reads freed buffer_head page cache memory through exfat_extract_uni_name(), enabling out-of-bounds kernel heap reads and information disclosure from attacker-influenced reclaimed data.\nI:H - Use-after-free on buffer_head data provides a foundation for heap grooming and arbitrary memory corruption primitives that can be leveraged for kernel code execution and integrity compromise.\nA:H - The bug is a confirmed kernel use-after-free that produced a KASAN fault and page fault oops; even without full exploitation it can cause kernel crashes and denial of service."
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nscsi: target: iscsi: Validate CHAP_R length before base64 decode\n\nchap_server_compute_hash() allocates client_digest as\nkzalloc(chap-\u003edigest_size) and then, for BASE64-encoded responses,\npasses chap_r directly to chap_base64_decode() without checking whether\nthe input length could produce more than digest_size bytes of output.\n\nchap_base64_decode() writes to the destination unconditionally as long\nas there is input to consume. With MAX_RESPONSE_LENGTH set to 128 and\nthe \"0b\" prefix stripped by extract_param(), up to 127 base64 characters\ncan reach the decoder. 127 characters decode to 95 bytes. For SHA-256\n(digest_size=32) this overflows client_digest by 63 bytes; for MD5\n(digest_size=16) the overflow is 79 bytes.\n\nThe length check at line 344 fires after the write has already happened.\n\nThe HEX branch in the same switch statement already validates the length\nup front. Apply the same approach to the BASE64 branch: strip trailing\nbase64 padding characters, then reject any input whose data length\nexceeds DIV_ROUND_UP(digest_size * 4, 3) before calling the decoder.\n\nStripping trailing \u0027=\u0027 before the comparison handles both padded and\nunpadded encodings. chap_base64_decode() already returns early on \u0027=\u0027,\nso the full original string is still passed to the decoder unchanged.\n\nThe mutual CHAP path decodes CHAP_C into initiatorchg_binhex, which is\nkzalloc(CHAP_CHALLENGE_STR_LEN). extract_param() caps initiatorchg at\nCHAP_CHALLENGE_STR_LEN characters, so at most CHAP_CHALLENGE_STR_LEN-1\nbase64 characters reach the decoder. The maximum decoded size,\nDIV_ROUND_UP((CHAP_CHALLENGE_STR_LEN-1) * 3, 4), is less than\nCHAP_CHALLENGE_STR_LEN, so no overflow is possible there. A comment is\nadded at the call site to document this."
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              "value": "AV:N - The bug is triggered by a remote iSCSI initiator sending crafted CHAP login PDUs over TCP to the in-kernel LIO iSCSI target during the network login/authentication handshake.\nAC:L - Once an iSCSI target with CHAP is reachable, an attacker can reliably trigger the overflow by sending CHAP_R with a 0b-prefixed base64 string up to 127 characters; no race or special memory layout is required.\nPR:N - The heap overflow occurs during the CHAP authentication handshake before the password hash comparison succeeds, so exploitation is reachable by an unauthenticated remote network attacker who knows a configured CHAP username.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only the attacker initiating an iSCSI login connection and sending malicious CHAP PDUs; no action from a victim user is needed.\nS:U - Successful exploitation corrupts kernel heap memory within the same kernel security boundary, enabling denial of service or kernel privilege escalation, not a cross-boundary escape such as VM guest-to-host.\nC:H - The out-of-bounds heap write corrupts adjacent kmalloc objects and can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure through heap grooming, consistent with heap overflow impact guidance.\nI:H - A controlled kernel heap out-of-bounds write of up to 79 bytes past a digest-sized buffer can corrupt adjacent structures and be developed into arbitrary code execution or kernel privilege escalation.\nA:H - The overflow causes slab-out-of-bounds writes confirmed by KASAN and can crash or destabilize the kernel during login processing, constituting high availability impact."
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        },
        {
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      "title": "scsi: target: iscsi: Validate CHAP_R length before base64 decode",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nscsi: target: iscsi: Bound iscsi_encode_text_output() appends to rsp_buf\n\niscsi_encode_text_output() concatenates \"key=value\\0\" records into\nlogin-\u003ersp_buf, an 8192-byte kzalloc(MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS) buffer\nallocated in iscsit_alloc_login_setup_buffer(). The three sprintf() call\nsites in this function (lines 1398, 1411, 1424 in v7.1-rc2) never check\nthe remaining buffer capacity:\n\n\t*length += sprintf(output_buf, \"%s=%s\", er-\u003ekey, er-\u003evalue);\n\t*length += 1;\n\toutput_buf = textbuf + *length;\n\nThe 8192-byte ceiling at iscsi_target_check_login_request() bounds the\n*input* Login PDU payload, but a single PDU can carry up to 2048 minimal\nfour-byte \"a=b\\0\" pairs, each unknown key expanding to a 16-byte\n\"a=NotUnderstood\\0\" output record via iscsi_add_notunderstood_response().\n2048 * 16 = 32 KiB of output into an 8 KiB buffer, producing a ~24 KiB\nheap overrun in the kmalloc-8k slab.\n\nThe fix introduces a static iscsi_encode_text_record() helper that uses\nsnprintf() with a per-call bounds check against the remaining buffer,\nand threads a u32 textbuf_size parameter through\niscsi_encode_text_output(). Both call sites in\niscsi_target_handle_csg_zero() (PHASE_SECURITY) and\niscsi_target_handle_csg_one() (PHASE_OPERATIONAL) pass\nMAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS. On overflow the encoder logs the condition, calls\niscsi_release_extra_responses() to drop queued records, and returns -1;\nboth caller sites now emit ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR /\nISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR via iscsit_tx_login_rsp() before returning,\nso the initiator sees an explicit failed-login response rather than a\nsilent connection drop. (Prior to this patch only the PHASE_OPERATIONAL\ncaller did that; the PHASE_SECURITY caller is converted to the same\nshape.)"
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              "value": "AV:N - The Linux iSCSI target (LIO) is an in-kernel SCSI target that accepts remote TCP connections on the iSCSI portal (typically port 3260); crafted Login PDUs reach the vulnerable encoder via the normal network receive and login-negotiation path.\nAC:L - Once an iSCSI target portal is reachable, an attacker can reliably trigger the overflow by sending a single Login PDU packed with unknown key=value pairs; no races or victim-dependent timing are required.\nPR:N - The heap overflow occurs during login negotiation before iSCSI authentication completes; a discovery-session login requires only InitiatorName and SessionType with no credentials, initiator ACL, or local privileges.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only network packets sent by the attacker; no action from a legitimate user or administrator is needed beyond the target already exposing its iSCSI portal.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory in the iSCSI target/login context and does not cross a VM, container, or IOMMU security boundary by itself.\nC:H - A ~24 KiB out-of-bounds write into the kmalloc-8k slab can corrupt adjacent kernel objects and be leveraged for arbitrary memory disclosure, not merely a bounded leak.\nI:H - The unbounded sprintf heap overrun is a large out-of-bounds write that can corrupt adjacent heap metadata or objects to achieve arbitrary kernel memory modification and potential code execution.\nA:H - Corrupting kmalloc-8k heap objects during login response encoding can cause kernel oops, BUG, or panic, and the attack can be repeated against an exposed iSCSI target."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: qat - validate RSA CRT component lengths\n\nThe generic RSA key parser (rsa_helper.c) bounds each CRT component (p,\nq, dp, dq, qinv) by the modulus size n_sz, but qat_rsa_setkey_crt()\nallocates half-size DMA buffers (key_sz / 2) and right-aligns each\ncomponent with:\n\n    memcpy(dst + half_key_sz - len, src, len)\n\nWhen a CRT component is larger than half_key_sz the subtraction\nunderflows and memcpy writes past the DMA buffer, causing memory\ncorruption.\n\nAdd a len \u003e half_key_sz check next to the existing !len check for each\nof the five CRT components so the driver falls back to the non-CRT path\ninstead of writing out of bounds."
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              "value": "AV:L - An unprivileged local process can add a crafted PKCS#8 RSA private key to its own keyring and invoke KEYCTL_PKEY_QUERY, which selects qat-rsa and reaches the vulnerable key setup path.\nAC:L - With an active QAT asymmetric service and PKCS#8 parser, an oversized CRT integer deterministically causes unsigned offset underflow and an out-of-bounds memcpy. No race or attacker-uncontrollable condition is required.\nPR:L - An ordinary user can create, search, and use keys in a personal process, thread, or session keyring. No capability, administrator privilege, or user namespace is required.\nUI:N - The attacker directly performs the add_key and keyctl system calls without any victim action.\nS:U - The vulnerable QAT driver and the corrupted kernel resources share the same security authority. Ordinary kernel privilege escalation does not cross a CVSS scope boundary.\nC:H - The controlled kernel-memory overwrite can corrupt page tables, credentials, or control-flow objects and plausibly yield code execution with access to protected kernel memory.\nI:H - Attacker-controlled CRT bytes are written outside the coherent DMA allocation, potentially through multiple CRT components. This can provide powerful kernel-memory corruption and control-flow hijacking primitives.\nA:H - The invalid destination can cause an immediate kernel fault or corrupt unrelated kernel memory and subsequently panic or hang the system. The attack is repeatable."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsmb: client: fix query directory replay double-free\n\nA response-bearing attempt can return a replayable error and free its\nresponse buffer. If SMB2_query_directory_init() fails before the next send,\ncleanup retains the previous buffer type and frees that response again.\n\nReset response bookkeeping before each attempt to prevent the stale free."
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