var-201904-0184
Vulnerability from variot
Advantech WebAccess/SCADA, Versions 8.3.5 and prior. An improper access control vulnerability may allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition. Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Contains an access control vulnerability.Service operation interruption (DoS) There is a possibility of being put into a state. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.The specific flaw exists within UninstallWA.exe, which is accessed through the 0x2711 IOCTL in the webvrpcs process. Advantech WebAccess/SCADA is a set of browser-based SCADA software from Advantech. The software supports dynamic graphical display and real-time data control, and provides the ability to remotely control and manage automation equipment. Advantech WebAccess/SCADA is prone to the following vulnerabilities: 1. Multiple command-injection vulnerabilities 2. A denial-of-service vulnerability 3. Multiple stack-based buffer-overflow vulnerabilities An attacker can exploit these issues to inject and execute arbitrary commands in the context of the application. Failed exploit attempts will result in denial-of-service conditions
Show details on source website{ "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/VARIoTentry#", "affected_products": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/affected_products" }, "configurations": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/configurations" }, "credits": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/credits" }, "cvss": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/" }, "description": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/description/" }, "exploit_availability": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/exploit_availability/" }, "external_ids": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/external_ids/" }, "iot": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/iot/" }, "iot_taxonomy": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/iot_taxonomy/" }, "patch": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/patch/" }, "problemtype_data": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/problemtype_data/" }, "references": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/references/" }, "sources": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources/" }, "sources_release_date": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_release_date/" }, "sources_update_date": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_update_date/" }, "threat_type": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/threat_type/" }, "title": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/title/" }, "type": { "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/type/" } }, "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/vuln/VAR-201904-0184", "affected_products": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/affected_products#", "data": { "@container": "@list" }, "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" }, "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources" } }, "data": [ { "model": "webaccess", "scope": "lte", "trust": 1.0, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "8.3.5" }, { "model": "webaccess", "scope": "eq", "trust": 0.8, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "8.3.5 and less" }, { "model": "webaccess", "scope": null, "trust": 0.7, "vendor": "advantech", "version": null }, { "model": "webaccess/scada", "scope": "lte", "trust": 0.6, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "\u003c=8.3.5" }, { "model": "webaccess/scada", "scope": "eq", "trust": 0.3, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "8.3.5" }, { "model": "webaccess/scada", "scope": "eq", "trust": 0.3, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "8.3.4" }, { "model": "webaccess/scada", "scope": "eq", "trust": 0.3, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "8.3.2" }, { "model": "webaccess/scada", "scope": "eq", "trust": 0.3, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "8.3" }, { "model": "webaccess/scada", "scope": "ne", "trust": 0.3, "vendor": "advantech", "version": "8.4" }, { "model": null, "scope": "eq", "trust": 0.2, "vendor": "webaccess", "version": "*" } ], "sources": [ { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "BID", "id": "107675" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" } ] }, "configurations": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/configurations#", "children": { "@container": "@list" }, "cpe_match": { "@container": "@list" }, "data": { "@container": "@list" }, "nodes": { "@container": "@list" } }, "data": [ { "CVE_data_version": "4.0", "nodes": [ { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:advantech:webaccess:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndIncluding": "8.3.5", "vulnerable": true } ], "operator": "OR" } ] } ], "sources": [ { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" } ] }, "credits": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/credits#", "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": "Mat Powell of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative", "sources": [ { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" } ], "trust": 0.7 }, "cve": "CVE-2019-6554", "cvss": { "@context": { "cvssV2": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV2#" }, "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV2" }, "cvssV3": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV3#" }, "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV3/" }, "severity": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/cvss/severity#" }, "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/severity" }, "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" }, "@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources" } }, "data": [ { "cvssV2": [ { "acInsufInfo": false, "accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE", "author": "NVD", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "impactScore": 2.9, "integrityImpact": "NONE", "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "severity": "MEDIUM", "trust": 1.0, "userInteractionRequired": false, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P", "version": "2.0" }, { "acInsufInfo": null, "accessComplexity": "Low", "accessVector": "Network", "authentication": "None", "author": "NVD", "availabilityImpact": "Partial", "baseScore": 5.0, "confidentialityImpact": "None", "exploitabilityScore": null, "id": "CVE-2019-6554", "impactScore": null, "integrityImpact": "None", "obtainAllPrivilege": null, "obtainOtherPrivilege": null, "obtainUserPrivilege": null, "severity": "Medium", "trust": 0.8, "userInteractionRequired": null, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P", "version": "2.0" }, { "accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE", "author": "CNVD", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.1, "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "id": "CNVD-2019-08947", "impactScore": 6.9, "integrityImpact": "NONE", "severity": "HIGH", "trust": 0.6, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C", "version": "2.0" }, { "accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE", "author": "IVD", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.1, "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c", "impactScore": 6.9, "integrityImpact": "NONE", "severity": "HIGH", "trust": 0.2, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C", "version": "2.9 [IVD]" }, { "accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE", "author": "VULHUB", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "id": "VHN-157989", "impactScore": 2.9, "integrityImpact": "NONE", "severity": "MEDIUM", "trust": 0.1, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/AU:N/C:N/I:N/A:P", "version": "2.0" } ], "cvssV3": [ { "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "author": "NVD", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "trust": 1.0, "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1" }, { "attackComplexity": "Low", "attackVector": "Network", "author": "NVD", "availabilityImpact": "High", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "High", "confidentialityImpact": "None", "exploitabilityScore": null, "id": "CVE-2019-6554", "impactScore": null, "integrityImpact": "None", "privilegesRequired": "None", "scope": "Unchanged", "trust": 0.8, "userInteraction": "None", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.0" }, { "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "author": "ZDI", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "id": "CVE-2019-6554", "impactScore": 3.6, "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "trust": 0.7, "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.0" } ], "severity": [ { "author": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554", "trust": 1.8, "value": "HIGH" }, { "author": "ZDI", "id": "CVE-2019-6554", "trust": 0.7, "value": "HIGH" }, { "author": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947", "trust": 0.6, "value": "HIGH" }, { "author": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094", "trust": 0.6, "value": "HIGH" }, { "author": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c", "trust": 0.2, "value": "HIGH" }, { "author": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989", "trust": 0.1, "value": "MEDIUM" } ] } ], "sources": [ { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" }, { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ] }, "description": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/description#", "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": "Advantech WebAccess/SCADA, Versions 8.3.5 and prior. An improper access control vulnerability may allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition. Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Contains an access control vulnerability.Service operation interruption (DoS) There is a possibility of being put into a state. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.The specific flaw exists within UninstallWA.exe, which is accessed through the 0x2711 IOCTL in the webvrpcs process. Advantech WebAccess/SCADA is a set of browser-based SCADA software from Advantech. The software supports dynamic graphical display and real-time data control, and provides the ability to remotely control and manage automation equipment. Advantech WebAccess/SCADA is prone to the following vulnerabilities:\n1. Multiple command-injection vulnerabilities\n2. A denial-of-service vulnerability\n3. Multiple stack-based buffer-overflow vulnerabilities\nAn attacker can exploit these issues to inject and execute arbitrary commands in the context of the application. Failed exploit attempts will result in denial-of-service conditions", "sources": [ { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "BID", "id": "107675" }, { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" } ], "trust": 3.33 }, "external_ids": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/external_ids#", "data": { "@container": "@list" }, "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": [ { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554", "trust": 4.3 }, { "db": "ICS CERT", "id": "ICSA-19-092-01", "trust": 3.4 }, { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331", "trust": 1.3 }, { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094", "trust": 0.9 }, { "db": "BID", "id": "107675", "trust": 0.9 }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947", "trust": 0.8 }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119", "trust": 0.8 }, { "db": "ZDI_CAN", "id": "ZDI-CAN-7908", "trust": 0.7 }, { "db": "AUSCERT", "id": "ESB-2019.1113", "trust": 0.6 }, { "db": "IVD", "id": "6A9BB3F5-E6BE-4DC2-9D2B-57459A62BF8C", "trust": 0.2 }, { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989", "trust": 0.1 } ], "sources": [ { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" }, { "db": "BID", "id": "107675" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" }, { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ] }, "id": "VAR-201904-0184", "iot": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/iot#", "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": true, "sources": [ { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" } ], "trust": 1.44565702 }, "iot_taxonomy": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/iot_taxonomy#", "data": { "@container": "@list" }, "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": [ { "category": [ "ICS" ], "sub_category": null, "trust": 0.8 } ], "sources": [ { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" } ] }, "last_update_date": "2023-12-18T12:36:17.353000Z", "patch": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/patch#", "data": { "@container": "@list" }, "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": [ { "title": "Advantech WebAccess", "trust": 0.8, "url": "https://www.advantech.co.jp/industrial-automation/webaccess" }, { "title": "Advantech has issued an update to correct this vulnerability.", "trust": 0.7, "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/icsa-19-092-01" }, { "title": "Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Patch for Incorrect Access Control Vulnerability", "trust": 0.6, "url": "https://www.cnvd.org.cn/patchinfo/show/157947" }, { "title": "Advantech WebAccess and Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Fixes for access control error vulnerabilities", "trust": 0.6, "url": "http://www.cnnvd.org.cn/web/xxk/bdxqbyid.tag?id=91017" } ], "sources": [ { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ] }, "problemtype_data": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/problemtype_data#", "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": [ { "problemtype": "NVD-CWE-Other", "trust": 1.0 }, { "problemtype": "CWE-284", "trust": 0.9 } ], "sources": [ { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" } ] }, "references": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/references#", "data": { "@container": "@list" }, "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": [ { "trust": 4.1, "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/icsa-19-092-01" }, { "trust": 1.4, "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2019-6554" }, { "trust": 1.2, "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107675" }, { "trust": 0.9, "url": "https://www.advantech.com/" }, { "trust": 0.9, "url": "https://support.advantech.com/support/downloadsrdetail_new.aspx?sr_id=1-ms9mjv\u0026doc_source=download" }, { "trust": 0.8, "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2019-6554" }, { "trust": 0.6, "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/zdi-19-331/" }, { "trust": 0.6, "url": "https://www.auscert.org.au/bulletins/78318" } ], "sources": [ { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" }, { "db": "BID", "id": "107675" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" }, { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ] }, "sources": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#", "data": { "@container": "@list" } }, "data": [ { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" }, { "db": "BID", "id": "107675" }, { "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" }, { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ] }, "sources_release_date": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_release_date#", "data": { "@container": "@list" } }, "data": [ { "date": "2019-04-03T00:00:00", "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "date": "2019-04-02T00:00:00", "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "date": "2019-04-03T00:00:00", "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "date": "2019-04-05T00:00:00", "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" }, { "date": "2019-04-02T00:00:00", "db": "BID", "id": "107675" }, { "date": "2019-05-10T00:00:00", "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "date": "2019-04-05T19:29:00.407000", "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" }, { "date": "2019-04-02T00:00:00", "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ] }, "sources_update_date": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_update_date#", "data": { "@container": "@list" } }, "data": [ { "date": "2019-04-02T00:00:00", "db": "ZDI", "id": "ZDI-19-331" }, { "date": "2019-04-03T00:00:00", "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" }, { "date": "2020-10-16T00:00:00", "db": "VULHUB", "id": "VHN-157989" }, { "date": "2019-04-02T00:00:00", "db": "BID", "id": "107675" }, { "date": "2019-05-10T00:00:00", "db": "JVNDB", "id": "JVNDB-2019-003119" }, { "date": "2020-10-16T19:17:35.677000", "db": "NVD", "id": "CVE-2019-6554" }, { "date": "2020-10-21T00:00:00", "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ] }, "threat_type": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/threat_type#", "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": "remote", "sources": [ { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ], "trust": 0.6 }, "title": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/title#", "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": "Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Incorrect access control vulnerability", "sources": [ { "db": "IVD", "id": "6a9bb3f5-e6be-4dc2-9d2b-57459a62bf8c" }, { "db": "CNVD", "id": "CNVD-2019-08947" } ], "trust": 0.8 }, "type": { "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/type#", "sources": { "@container": "@list", "@context": { "@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#" } } }, "data": "other", "sources": [ { "db": "CNNVD", "id": "CNNVD-201904-094" } ], "trust": 0.6 } }
Sightings
Author | Source | Type | Date |
---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.