Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
342 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-68671 (GCVE-0-2025-68671)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-15 22:35 – Updated: 2026-01-20 16:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
lakeFS is Missing Timestamp Validation in S3 Gateway Authentication
Summary
lakeFS is an open-source tool that transforms object storage into a Git-like repositories. LakeFS's S3 gateway does not validate timestamps in authenticated requests, allowing replay attacks. Prior to 1.75.0, an attacker who captures a valid signed request (e.g., through network interception, logs, or compromised systems) can replay that request until credentials are rotated, even after the request is intended to expire. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.75.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/treeverse/lakeFS/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/treeverse/lakeFS/issues/9599 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/treeverse/lakeFS/commit/92966a… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54810 (GCVE-0-2025-54810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-18 21:28 – Updated: 2025-09-19 13:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Summary
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware expose
a proprietary protocol on TCP port 1069 to perform management operations
such as modifying system properties. The user management functionality
handles sensitive data such as registered usernames and passwords over
an unencrypted channel, allowing an adjacent attacker to intercept valid
credentials to gain access to the device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognex | In-Sight 2000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 7000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 8000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 9000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight Explorer |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-49752 (GCVE-0-2025-49752)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-20 22:18 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:07 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Azure Bastion Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Azure Bastion Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure Bastion Developer |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-11-20 08:00
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CVE-2025-48012 (GCVE-0-2025-48012)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 16:24 – Updated: 2025-05-21 16:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
One Time Password - Moderately critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2025-063
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Drupal One Time Password allows Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects One Time Password: from 0.0.0 before 1.3.0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drupal | One Time Password |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 1.3.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-05-14 18:05
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CVE-2025-47706 (GCVE-0-2025-47706)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-14 17:02 – Updated: 2025-05-19 14:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal - Moderately critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2025-052
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Drupal Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal allows Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal: from 0.0.0 before 4.7.0, from 5.0.0 before 5.2.0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drupal | Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 4.7.0
(semver)
Affected: 5.0.0 , < 5.2.0 (semver) |
Date Public
2025-05-07 17:07
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CVE-2025-46815 (GCVE-0-2025-46815)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-06 17:13 – Updated: 2025-05-06 18:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ZITADEL Allows IdP Intent Token Reuse
Summary
The identity infrastructure software ZITADEL offers developers the ability to manage user sessions using the Session API. This API enables the use of IdPs for authentication, known as idp intents. Following a successful idp intent, the client receives an id and token on a predefined URI. These id and token can then be used to authenticate the user or their session. However, prior to versions 3.0.0, 2.71.9, and 2.70.10, it was possible to exploit this feature by repeatedly using intents. This allowed an attacker with access to the application’s URI to retrieve the id and token, enabling them to authenticate on behalf of the user. It's important to note that the use of additional factors (MFA) prevents a complete authentication process and, consequently, access to the ZITADEL API. Versions 3.0.0, 2.71.9, and 2.70.10 contain a fix for the issue. No known workarounds other than upgrading are available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/b1e60e7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.71.9 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.0.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-40807 (GCVE-0-2025-40807)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 10:44 – Updated: 2025-12-09 16:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Gridscale X Prepay (All versions < V4.2.1). The affected application is vulnerable to capture-replay of authentication tokens. This could allow an authenticated but already locked-out user to establish still valid user sessions.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Gridscale X Prepay |
Affected:
0 , < V4.2.1
(custom)
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CVE-2025-36593 (GCVE-0-2025-36593)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-30 18:29 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dell OpenManage Network Integration, versions prior to 3.8, contains an Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in the RADIUS protocol. An attacker with local network access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to forge a valid protocol accept message in response to a failed authentication request.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00033723… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | OpenManage Network Integration |
Affected:
NA , < 3.8
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-06-25 17:00
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CVE-2025-35061 (GCVE-0-2025-35061)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 20:22 – Updated: 2025-10-10 19:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) forced NTLMv2 authentication via /NPCSRemoteWeb/LegacyIntegrationServices.asmx
Summary
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) '/NPCSRemoteWeb/LegacyIntegrationServices.asmx' allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to cause NIX to make an SMB connection to an attacker-controlled system. The attacker can capture the NTLMv2 hash of the user-configured NIX service account.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Newforma | Project Center |
Affected:
0 , < 2023.2
(custom)
Unaffected: 2023.2 |
Date Public
2025-10-09 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-35058 (GCVE-0-2025-35058)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 20:21 – Updated: 2025-10-10 19:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) forced NTLMv2 authentication via /UserWeb/Common/MarkupServices.ashx
Summary
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) '/UserWeb/Common/MarkupServices.ashx' allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to cause NIX to make an SMB connection to an attacker-controlled system. The attacker can capture the NTLMv2 hash of the customer-configured NIX service account.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Newforma | Project Center |
Affected:
0 , < 2023.2
(custom)
Unaffected: 2023.2 |
Date Public
2025-10-09 00:00
Credits
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}
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"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.