Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-407

Allowed-with-Review

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.

193 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-43967 (GCVE-0-2026-43967)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 15:42 – Updated: 2026-05-09 04:18
VLAI
Title
Quadratic fragment-name uniqueness check causes denial of service in absinthe
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in absinthe-graphql absinthe allows unauthenticated denial of service via quadratic fragment-name uniqueness validation. 'Elixir.Absinthe.Phase.Document.Validation.UniqueFragmentNames':run/2 iterates over all fragments and for each one calls duplicate?/2, which evaluates Enum.count(fragments, &(&1.name == name)) — a full linear scan of the fragment list. The result is O(N²) comparisons per document, where N is the number of fragment definitions supplied by the caller. Because input.fragments is built directly from the GraphQL query body, N is fully attacker-controlled. A minimum-size fragment definition is roughly 16 bytes, so a ~1 MB document carries ~60,000 fragments and forces ~3.6 × 10⁹ comparisons inside this single validation phase. No authentication, schema knowledge, or special configuration is required. This issue affects absinthe: from 1.2.0 before 1.10.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
EEF
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
absinthe-graphql absinthe Affected: 1.2.0 , < 1.10.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:absinthe-graphql:absinthe:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
absinthe-graphql absinthe Affected: 0b46e3bcc06c0d3797bacd64761b908a84646c1d , < 223600c520493dcaf95080af552c413099f92c9d (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:absinthe-graphql:absinthe:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Peter Ullrich Curtis Schiewek
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42923 (GCVE-0-2026-42923)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 09:20 – Updated: 2026-05-20 12:10
VLAI
Title
Degradation of service with unbounded NSEC3 hash calculations
Summary
NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 has a vulnerability in the DNSSEC validator where the code path to consult the negative cache for DS records does not take into account the limit on NSEC3 hash calculations introduced in 1.19.1. This leads to degradation of service during the attack. An adversary that controls a DNSSEC signed zone can exploit this by signing NSEC3 records with acceptably high iterations for child delegations and querying a vulnerable Unbound. Unbound will keep performing the allowed hash calculations on the NSEC3 records and will not limit the work by the mitigation introduced in 1.19.1. As a side effect, a global lock for the negative cache will be held for the duration of the hashing, blocking other threads that need to consult the negative cache. Coordinated attacks could raise the vulnerability to denial of service. Unbound 1.25.1 contains a patch with a fix to bound the vulnerable code path with the existing limit for NSEC3 hash calculations.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NLnet Labs Unbound Affected: 0 , < 1.25.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-20 00:00
Credits
Qifan Zhang (Palo Alto Networks)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42304 (GCVE-0-2026-42304)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 20:20 – Updated: 2026-05-14 15:45
VLAI
Title
Twisted: Denial of Service (DoS) in twisted.names via Crafted DNS Compression Pointer Chains
Summary
Twisted is an event-based framework for internet applications, supporting Python 3.6+. Prior to 26.4.0rc2, the twisted.names module is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack via resource exhaustion during DNS name decompression. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted TCP DNS packet containing deeply chained compression pointers. This flaw bypasses previous loop-prevention logic, causing the single-threaded Twisted reactor to hang while processing millions of recursive lookups, effectively freezing the server. This vulnerability is fixed in 26.4.0rc2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
twisted twisted Affected: < 26.4.0rc2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-42245 (GCVE-0-2026-42245)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-09 19:37 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Title
net-imap: Quadratic complexity when reading response literals
Summary
Net::IMAP implements Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) client functionality in Ruby. Prior to versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4, Net::IMAP::ResponseReader has quadratic time complexity when reading large responses containing many string literals. A hostile server can send responses which are crafted to exhaust the client's CPU for a denial of service attack. This issue has been patched in versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ruby net-imap Affected: < 0.4.24
Affected: >= 0.5.0, < 0.5.14
Affected: >= 0.6.0, < 0.6.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-41850 (GCVE-0-2026-41850)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 03:51 – Updated: 2026-06-27 21:03
VLAI
Title
Spring Framework Algorithmic Denial of Service via SpEL Expressions
Summary
Applications that evaluate user-supplied Spring Expression Language (SpEL) expressions are vulnerable to an Algorithmic Denial of Service (DoS). By providing a specially crafted expression, an attacker can trigger excessive resource consumption during evaluation, leading to application degradation or unavailability. Affected versions: Spring Framework 7.0.0 through 7.0.7; 6.2.0 through 6.2.18; 6.1.0 through 6.1.27; 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Spring Spring Framework Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.7.1 (custom)
Affected: 6.2.0 , < 6.2.18.1 (custom)
Affected: 6.1.0 , < 6.1.28 (custom)
Affected: 5.3.0 , < 5.3.49 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-41292 (GCVE-0-2026-41292)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 09:19 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:59
VLAI
Title
Long list of incoming EDNS options degrades performance
Summary
NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.25.0 is vulnerable to a degradation of service attack related to parsing long lists of incoming EDNS options. An adversary sending queries with too many EDNS options can hold Unbound threads hostage while they are parsing and creating internal data structures for the options. Coordinated attacks can result in degradation and/or denial of service. Unbound 1.25.1 contains a patch with a fix to limit acceptable incoming EDNS options (100).
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
  • CWE-1050 - Excessive Platform Resource Consumption within a Loop
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NLnet Labs Unbound Affected: 0 , < 1.25.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Data Grid 8     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Hardened Images     cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack     cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2     cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenStack Platform 17.1     cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:17.1
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenStack Platform 18.0     cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:18.0
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-20 00:00
Credits
GitHub user N0zoM1z0 Qifan Zhang (Palo Alto Networks)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-40476 (GCVE-0-2026-40476)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 21:42 – Updated: 2026-04-20 14:56
VLAI
Title
graphql-php: Denial of Service via quadratic complexity in OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation
Summary
graphql-go is a Go implementation of GraphQL. In versions 15.31.4 and below, the OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation rule performs O(n²) pairwise comparisons of fields sharing the same response name. An attacker can send a query with thousands of repeated identical fields, causing excessive CPU usage during validation before execution begins. This is not mitigated by existing QueryDepth or QueryComplexity rules. This issue has been fixed in version 15.31.5.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webonyx graphql-php Affected: < 15.31.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-40164 (GCVE-0-2026-40164)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-13 23:40 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:01
VLAI
Title
jq: Algorithmic complexity DoS via hardcoded MurmurHash3 seed
Summary
jq is a command-line JSON processor. Before commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784, jq used MurmurHash3 with a hardcoded, publicly visible seed (0x432A9843) for all JSON object hash table operations, which allowed an attacker to precompute key collisions offline. By supplying a crafted JSON object (~100 KB) where all keys hashed to the same bucket, hash table lookups degraded from O(1) to O(n), turning any jq expression into an O(n²) operation and causing significant CPU exhaustion. This affected common jq use cases such as CI/CD pipelines, web services, and data processing scripts, and was far more practical to exploit than existing heap overflow issues since it required only a small payload. This issue has been patched in commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-328 - Use of Weak Hash
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-341 - Predictable from Observable State
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://github.com/jqlang/jq/security/advisories/… x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/jqlang/jq/commit/0c7d133c3c7e3… x_refsource_MISC
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40164 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458084 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… x_sadp-csaf-vex
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26528 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26542 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28887 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23233 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25044 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34098 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25181 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23245 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16252 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18048 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18047 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18046 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18045 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18044 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18040 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16692 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19151 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18043 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18042 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16693 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19365 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25096 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30078 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30089 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30088 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30087 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8579 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jqlang jq Affected: < 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 Unaffected: 0:1.7.1-11.el10_1.0.2 , < * (rpm)
Unaffected: 0:1.7.1-11.el10_2.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 0:1.7.1-8.el10_0.3 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 0:1.6-12.el8_10 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:1.5-12.el8_4.5 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On Unaffected: 0:1.5-12.el8_4.5 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:1.6-3.el8_6.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service Unaffected: 0:1.6-3.el8_6.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:1.6-3.el8_6.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service Unaffected: 0:1.6-6.el8_8.4 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:1.6-6.el8_8.4 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Unaffected: 0:1.6-19.el9_7.0.2 , < * (rpm)
Unaffected: 0:1.6-19.el9_8.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:1.6-12.el9_0.3 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:1.6-15.el9_2.3 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 0:1.6-16.el9_4.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 0:1.6-17.el9_6.4 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12 Unaffected: 412.86.202606140301-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.12::el8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 Unaffected: 413.92.202606160406-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 Unaffected: 414.92.202606231112-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 Unaffected: 415.92.202606030318-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 Unaffected: 416.94.202606051757-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.16::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 Unaffected: 417.94.202606250942-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.17::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18 Unaffected: 418.94.202606051320-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.18::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 Unaffected: 4.19.9.6.202606031700-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 Unaffected: 1780681984 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 Unaffected: 1782352950 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 Unaffected: 1782352919 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 Unaffected: 1782353093 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 Unaffected: 1782352847 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Hardened Images Unaffected: 1.8.1-3.hum1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-35599 (GCVE-0-2026-35599)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 16:05 – Updated: 2026-04-10 18:28
VLAI
Title
Vikunja has an Algorithmic Complexity DoS in Repeating Task Handler
Summary
Vikunja is an open-source self-hosted task management platform. Prior to 2.3.0, the addRepeatIntervalToTime function uses an O(n) loop that advances a date by the task's RepeatAfter duration until it exceeds the current time. By creating a repeating task with a 1-second interval and a due date far in the past, an attacker triggers billions of loop iterations, consuming CPU and holding a database connection for minutes per request. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
go-vikunja vikunja Affected: < 2.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-34827 (GCVE-0-2026-34827)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 17:07 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:03
VLAI
Title
Rack: Algorithmic-Complexity DoS in Rack::Multipart::Parser
Summary
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21, and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head parses quoted multipart parameters such as Content-Disposition: form-data; name="..." using repeated String#index searches combined with String#slice! prefix deletion. For escape-heavy quoted values, this causes super-linear processing. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted multipart/form-data request containing many parts with long backslash-escaped parameter values to trigger excessive CPU usage during multipart parsing. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.