CWE-441

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-30128"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-25T15:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "HCL Nomad server on Domino is affected by an open proxy vulnerability in which an unauthenticated attacker can mask their original source IP address.  This may enable an attacker to trick the user into exposing sensitive information.",
  "id": "GHSA-6cm4-chj3-vwmx",
  "modified": "2024-09-25T15:31:13Z",
  "published": "2024-09-25T15:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30128"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0115504"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-69531"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T18:19:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Unintended proxy or intermediary (\u0027confused deputy\u0027) in Microsoft Windows Speech allows an authorized attacker to perform tampering locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-6m27-j85f-9gpr",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T18:32:43Z",
  "published": "2026-09-08T18:32:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69531"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-69531"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-16598"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-12-06T23:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Amazon Web Services (AWS) FreeRTOS through 1.3.1, FreeRTOS up to V10.0.1 (with FreeRTOS+TCP), and WITTENSTEIN WHIS Connect middleware TCP/IP component. In xProcessReceivedUDPPacket and prvParseDNSReply, any received DNS response is accepted, without confirming it matches a sent DNS request.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p89-hhx8-39mh",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:43:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:43:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.zimperium.com/freertos-tcpip-stack-vulnerabilities-details"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.zimperium.com/freertos-tcpip-stack-vulnerabilities-put-wide-range-devices-risk-compromise-smart-homes-critical-infrastructure-systems"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/aws/amazon-freertos/blob/v1.3.2/CHANGELOG.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/pterodactyl/wings"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.2.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-06-23T18:04:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nA newly implemented route allowing users to download files from remote endpoints was not properly verifying the destination hostname for user provided URLs. This would allow malicious users to potentially access resources on local networks that would otherwise be inaccessible.\n\nThis vulnerability requires valid authentication credentials and is therefore **not exploitable by unauthenticated users**. If you are running an instance for yourself or other trusted individuals this impact is unlikely to be of major concern to you. However, you should still upgrade for security sake.\n\n### Patches\nUsers should upgrade to the latest version of Wings.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no workaround available that does not involve modifying Panel or Wings code.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-6rg3-8h8x-5xfv",
  "modified": "2021-10-05T17:24:11Z",
  "published": "2021-06-23T18:04:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/security/advisories/GHSA-6rg3-8h8x-5xfv"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Unchecked hostname resolution could allow access to local network resources by users outside the local network"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31319"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-610"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T21:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In updateNotificationChannelFromPrivilegedListener of NotificationManagerService.java, there is a possible cross-user data leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rw7-r5pp-274m",
  "modified": "2024-07-12T18:31:47Z",
  "published": "2024-07-09T21:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31319"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/3cc021bf608fa813a9a40932028fdde2b12a2d5e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-06-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.10.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "nltk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.10.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-78682"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-08T16:41:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nCurrent NLTK source reopens SSRF in proxied environments. `pathsec.urlopen()` validates the requested hostname locally, but once proxy inheritance is enabled the real fetch is performed by the proxy rather than by the validated direct-connect socket path.\n\n### Details\n\n- **Vulnerability type:** Server-side request forgery\n- **Affected component:** `nltk.pathsec.urlopen`, `nltk.data.load`, `nltk.downloader.Downloader.index`, `nltk.downloader.Downloader.download`\n- **Affected versions:** Current source `v3.10.0-rc2`; published `3.9.4` was a negative control and did not reproduce.\n- **Patched versions:** Not yet patched\n- **Root cause:** Proxy-handler inheritance disables `_SafeHTTPHandler` and `_SafeHTTPSHandler`, so the validated hostname no longer matches the actual egress destination.\n\nThe hardened direct path pins the validated numeric destination IP before opening the socket. The proxied branch instead copies `ProxyHandler` instances from the global opener, marks the request as proxied, and skips the pinned handlers. I confirmed that a validated public URL can be fetched from a loopback-only internal service through the proxy path via `pathsec.urlopen()`, `nltk.data.load()`, `Downloader.index()`, and `Downloader.download()`.\n\n### PoC\n\n**Preconditions**\n- The runtime has an HTTP proxy configured and the caller relies on `pathsec` to keep network fetches SSRF-safe.\n\n**Steps**\n1. Start a loopback-only HTTP server that serves secret text, a valid downloader index, and a ZIP payload.\n2. Configure a proxy that forwards a validated public URL to that internal loopback service.\n3. Call `pathsec.urlopen()` or `nltk.data.load()` on the public URL and observe the internal response is returned.\n4. Instantiate `Downloader(server_index_url=...)`, call `index()` and `download()`, and observe internal-only content is parsed and installed.\n\n**Minimal reproducible excerpt**\n\n```text\n{\u0027urlopen\u0027: \u0027PROXY_TEXT_SECRET\u0027, \u0027data_load\u0027: \u0027PROXY_TEXT_SECRET\u0027, \u0027downloaded_file\u0027: \u0027INTERNAL_ZIP_SECRET\u0027}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nConsumers that trust `pathsec` as an SSRF barrier in proxied environments can be made to read internal-only HTTP resources, load forged downloader indexes, and install attacker-chosen package content fetched from the proxy\u0027s network view.\n\n### Remediation\n\nPreserve destination validation for the actual proxy egress target or fail closed when the request would otherwise downgrade into an unpinned proxied path. Add regression tests across `pathsec.urlopen`, `nltk.data.load`, and downloader fetches with a configured proxy.\n\n### References\n\n- https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/v3.10.0-rc2/nltk/pathsec.py#L468-L518\n- https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/v3.10.0-rc2/nltk/data.py#L1247-L1283\n- https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/v3.10.0-rc2/nltk/downloader.py#L875-L889\n- https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/v3.10.0-rc2/nltk/downloader.py#L1220-L1226\n- https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/3.9.4/nltk/pathsec.py#L245-L250\n\n---\n\n## Fix + attack demonstration (verified)\n\n\nNLTK cannot pin the egress through a proxy, so it stops pretending to: under `ENFORCE` a proxied fetch is **refused** rather than performed unvalidated. Operators who trust their proxy opt back in with `NLTK_ALLOW_PROXIED_URLOPEN=1` or `nltk.pathsec.ALLOW_PROXIED_FETCH=True`; under `ENFORCE=False` the refusal degrades to a warning. This closes the **whole class** (environment proxies and explicit `ProxyHandler` alike), because NLTK declines any fetch whose egress it cannot validate.\n\n## Attack demonstration (reproduced; captured output)\nA loopback HTTP server stands in for the internal target; `http_proxy` points at it; NLTK is asked for a **public** IP URL.\n\n**Before the fix** \u2014 the internal secret is exfiltrated through the proxy:\n```\nvalidate_network_url(public): PASSED\n*** BYPASS: pathsec.urlopen returned INTERNAL content via proxy: \u0027INTERNAL_ONLY_SECRET\u0027\n```\n\n**After the fix** \u2014 five scenarios, isolated subprocesses:\n| Scenario | Result |\n|---|---|\n| proxied (env) + ENFORCE | `PermissionError` \u2014 **blocked** |\n| proxied + opt-in | returns secret \u2014 escape hatch works |\n| explicit `ProxyHandler` (not env) + ENFORCE | `PermissionError` \u2014 **blocked** (whole class) |\n| no proxy (direct) | internal IP still refused \u2014 pinning intact |\n| proxied + `ENFORCE=False` | returns secret **+ warns** |\n\n## Tests\n`nltk/test/unit/test_pathsec.py`: 64 passed. Added an end-to-end regression (`test_proxied_fetch_does_not_reach_internal_target`) plus `test_env_proxy_fails_closed_under_enforce`; the prior `test_env_proxy_skips_pinning_handlers` (which encoded the vulnerable path) is re-expressed as the opt-in case. Existing direct-path DNS-rebinding and IP-policy tests unchanged and passing. pre-commit (isort/black/ruff) clean.\n\n## Note\nThe upfront `validate_network_url()` and the direct-path IP pinning (from the earlier DNS-rebinding fixes, CVE-2026-54296 / GHSA-qvv7) are unchanged \u2014 this only closes the proxied downgrade they didn\u0027t cover.",
  "id": "GHSA-6ww7-3frv-cqxh",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T16:41:40Z",
  "published": "2026-09-08T16:41:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/GHSA-6ww7-3frv-cqxh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78682"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nltk/nltk/commit/767333a005a1cd3d82d2029215f2dbe66a5844d9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nltk/nltk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nltk/nltk/releases/tag/v3.10.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/nltk/PYSEC-2026-3733.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-ssrf-protection-bypass-via-proxy"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "NLTK: pathsec SSRF protection can be bypassed when a proxy is configured"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "k8s.io/kubernetes"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.22.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-8561"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-610"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-21T14:53:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-20T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where actors that control the responses of MutatingWebhookConfiguration or ValidatingWebhookConfiguration requests are able to redirect kube-apiserver requests to private networks of the apiserver. If that user can view kube-apiserver logs when the log level is set to 10, they can view the redirected responses and headers in the logs.",
  "id": "GHSA-74j8-88mm-7496",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T10:51:43Z",
  "published": "2021-09-21T18:28:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8561"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/104720"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/RV2IhwcrQsY"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kubernetes.io/blog/2026/05/26/reconciling-unfixed-kubernetes-cves"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211014-0002"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Confused Deputy in Kubernetes"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/kro-run/kro"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-05T05:10:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-04T06:15:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro\u0027s controllers deploy and run attacker-controlled images, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution on cluster nodes.",
  "id": "GHSA-7633-x85h-5mqh",
  "modified": "2025-06-05T05:10:13Z",
  "published": "2025-06-04T06:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48710"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kro-run/kro"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kro-run/kro/compare/v0.2.1...v0.2.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://orca.security/resources/blog/kubernetes-crd-abstraction-risks-kro"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "kro Confused Deputy vulnerability"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-87442"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T01:17:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Confused deputy in Prerender in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially bypass web origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-7f58-2542-jr3x",
  "modified": "2026-09-09T18:31:40Z",
  "published": "2026-09-09T03:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-87442"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0808145027.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/497443419"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-610"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-08T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An unauthenticated remote attacker can use SMA 100 as an unintended proxy or intermediary undetectable proxy to bypass firewall rules. This vulnerability affected SMA 200, 210, 400, 410 and 500v appliances.",
  "id": "GHSA-7jhp-ff4f-8fx7",
  "modified": "2023-06-26T21:30:53Z",
  "published": "2021-12-09T00:01:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2021-0026"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}